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Results for “PERSONALITY, PATHOLOGICAL”

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PubMed1989

[Stereoscopy in the pathologic diagnosis of adenoma and carcinoma of colon].

Quantitative analysis of 10 cases of normal mucosa, 15 cases of villous adenoma and 20 cases of carcinoma of colon was studied by stereoscopic technique (Coherent Test System A 100). The results showed that there was statistical significance (P less than 0.01) in 6 parameters including Volume Density (Vv), Surface Density (Sv), Mean Diameter (D), Number Density (Nv) of nucleus and Mean Curvature Density (Kv) and Surface Curvature (K) of the gland, The new method of pathologic morphometry to differentiate adenoma from carcinoma was provided for clinical diagnosis. This method is more scientific, not only being different from the classical pathologic diagnosis, but also avoiding personal subjectivity. Colon adenoma was divided into two subtypes (A and B) according to the threshold of parameter. (Type A below the threshold and Type B above the threshold). Type A is well differentiated adenoma, but Type B tends towards malignancy. The higher the stereoscopic parameters, the higher the malignant tendency. Histologic parameters showed the objective index in pathologic diagnosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

[Good laboratory management and clinical laboratory physician].

Medical expenses have been increasing annually, and reducing expenses while maintaining effective medical care is desirable. In the late 1990s, Japanese government introduced policies expected to improve the medical security system. In the clinical laboratory field, some revisions such as packaging of certain tests(blanket test), separation between performance and interpretation fees for laboratory test, proper use of tumor markers, and additional fees for sample management. Japanese government also wants the clinical laboratory to return accurate laboratory test result to patients and physicians. Laboratory physicians have to make a great effort to manage clinical laboratories according to the guideline for GIOs of laboratory physicians from the Japanese Society of Clinical Pathology. The laboratory physician is the key person for good laboratory management.

Humans↗
PubMed2007

Temperament and character in pathological gambling.

OBJECTIVE: We have studied temperament and character in pathological gambling (PG). METHODS: Thirty-eight DSM-IV verified pathological gamblers (31 males and 7 females; mean age 35.4 +/- 10.4 years) were tested with Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Matched controls were chosen from the normal population. RESULTS: Pathological gamblers scored higher on the temperament factors novelty seeking (NS) and harm avoidance (HA). The most pronounced difference was found in the character factor self-directedness (SD). The pathological gamblers differed from controls in cooperativeness and self-transcendence. A personality disorder was found in 29% of the pathological gamblers 84% of whom scored either low on SD and high on impulsivity or had a more dishonest behaviour. Two-thirds of pathological gamblers showed immature character with or without high HA in temperament. The other third showed normal-character extravagant behaviour (86%), high impulsivity (36%) and less responsibility (50%) being the most common personality traits. CONCLUSION: HA and NS might be trait-like characteristics in PG.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Assessment of the impact of physical activity on the health status of elderly people].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research study carried-out in 1999 was to assess the impact of various forms of activity (physical, pro-social and intellectual-mental) on health status of the group of people aged 65 and more. METHODS: A tool used to conduct the research was anonymous questionnaire. After a preliminary assessment of 2072 questionnaires for a further analysis, 1910 questionnaires (92.6%) have been selected. Health status has been assessed on the basis of the following epidemiological parameters: information on illness and health problems, hospitalisation, disability, mobility, and body weight, depression, limited life enthusiasm, assessment of satisfaction resulting from contacts with other persons, identification of problems connected with ageing. Activity has been assessed on the basis of responses to the open and closed questions. The statistic tests: Chi 2, logistic regression, Pearson's correlation were used. RESULTS: Active persons assessed their health condition more positively, they suffered from fewer CVD's and their health condition was more stable, many had a better psycho-social status, and they less often used medical services (hospitalisation). Legal and biological disability, except 1st disability category and persons who were immobile did not constitute any barrier to become active. Similarly, diseases didn't exclude activity, except very severe pathologies. In the group of active persons overweight subjects constituted a minority, while no active person was obese. Majority of respondents has admitted that their health condition has deteriorated drastically at the age of 63-64. CONCLUSION: Activity of persons over 65 year old is one of many independent determinants and indicators of positive ageing.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1975

[Reye's syndrome: pathological study of 2 cases].

The authors report two personal cases of Reye's syndrome, one of which was studied by electron microscopy, and comment on the pathological characteristics of this disease. The hepatic lesions are most important and resemble fatty degeneration rather than simple steatosis. This notion is confirmed by data obtained by electron microscopy which revealed marked abnormalities of the cellular organites, in particular, mitochondria. The nervous involvement included mainly, oedema of the nerve sheath. These facts emphasize the importance of metabolic disturbances in the physiopathology of the disease.

Brain↗
PubMed1977

The making and breaking of affectional bonds. I. Aetiology and psychopathology in the light of attachment theory. An expanded version of the Fiftieth Maudsley Lecture, delivered before the Royal College of Psychiatrists, 19 November 1976.

An account is given of attachment theory as a way of conceptualizing the propensity of human beings to make strong affectional bonds to particular others and of explaining the many forms of emotional distress and personality disturbance, including anxiety, anger, depression and emotional detachment, to which unwilling separation and loss give rise. Though it incorporates much psychoanalytic thinking, many of its principles derive from ethology, cognitive psychology and control theory. It conforms to the ordinary criteria of a scientific discipline. Certain common patterns of personality development, both healthy and pathological, are described in these terms, and also some of the common patterns of parenting that contribute to them.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neonatal meningitis (personal contribution)].

The authors, after a review of the literature about etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, pathological anatomy and clinic of newborn meningitis, report a personal experience of 15 cases. The more frequent etiological agents were Gram-positive bacteria (60%) and in particular Listeria monocytogenes type 4 and Streptococcus agalactiae. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated in 40% of cases and E. coli presented the highest ratio. All patients were treated with ampicillin-CAF association intravenous for the first 3-5 days and then i.m. or oral. The survival ratio was 77% in case of Gram-positive meningitis and 83% in case of Gram-negative meningitis. Sequeles were observed only among patients with Gram-negative meningitis; it's important to remark that in these cases the etiological agent was CAF-resistant.

Chloramphenicol↗
PubMed1992

"No longer Gage": frontal lobe dysfunction and emotional changes.

This review presents the multiple changes in emotional response and personality that occur after damage to the frontal systems, proposes operational definitions, and analyzes the published reports according to these definitions. Neurological causes of frontal lobe damage and associations of frontal dysfunction with psychiatric disturbances are summarized. It is concluded that symptoms of frontal lobe damage that have been labeled as emotional disturbances may be classified as disorders of drive or motivation, mood (subjective emotional experience), and affect (emotional expression). It is proposed that the primary change after frontal lobe pathology is a disorder of personality, a change in the stable response patterns that define an individual as a unique self. Dysfunction of personality includes cognitive abilities, with a disorder of self-reflective awareness as a key deficit.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Characteristics of pathological gamblers identified among patients on a psychiatric admissions service.

A total of 105 patients admitted to a psychiatric admissions service for adults were screened for pathological gambling using the South Oaks Gambling Screen, a valid, reliable instrument for identification of this disorder. Seven of the 105 patients were identified as pathological gamblers, and ten were children of problem gamblers, rates that are higher than those for the general population. Pathological gamblers identified in this study had a broad range of primary diagnoses, including schizoaffective disorder, paranoid schizophrenia, major depression, and organic personality disorder. A high rate of pathological gambling (11 percent) was found among patients with a secondary diagnosis of psychoactive substance use disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Treatment of subacute and chronic rhinosinusitis].

Four personal clinical cases of paranasal sinus pathology are reported. The therapeutic technique and clinical course of this commonly observed otorhinolaryngological and general medicine condition are illustrated and a personal contribution made to its resolution.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1982

Clinicopathologic study of progressive subcortical vascular encephalopathy (Binswanger type) in the elderly.

A clinicopathologic study was made of 45 elderly persons whose autopsied brains showed the pathologic changes of progressive subcortical vascular encephalopathy (Binswanger type). Progressive subcortical vascular encephalopathy (PSVE) was observed in 3.8 per cent of all autopsied brains of elderly persons and in 6.7 per cent of the brains of those with cerebrovascular diseases. White matter lesions were graded from I to III (slight to severe). Small infarcts in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and pons were common, but the cerebral cortex was usually preserved. Neuropsychiatric symptoms included dementia, urinary incontinence, hemiplegia, pseudobulbar palsy, psychosis, parkinsonism, and mutism. In thge Grade III group there was a high incidence of pseudobulbar palsy, parkinsonism, and mutism. Pathologic study showed marked cerebral arteriosclerosis in almost all cases. Angionecrosis was observed in 60 to 80 per cent. Fibrotic and stenotic changes of the blood vessels in the deep white matter were also noted, particularly in 90 per cent of the Grade III cases. A suggested explanation for the pathogenesis of PSVE is based on the effects of various complications such as hypertension, cardiac disease and malnutrition which may play an important role in PSVE when they occur in elderly persons with a history of long-standing hypertension, marked cerebral arteriosclerosis, and arteriolar changes in the cerebral white matter.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Cerebral infarctions and the likelihood of dementia from Alzheimer disease pathology.

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. The effect of cerebral infarctions on the likelihood of dementia from AD pathology is not well understood. METHODS: The study included 153 deceased Catholic clergy who participated in the Religious Orders Study. Annual evaluations, including 19 tests of cognitive function, were performed to determine a diagnosis of dementia and level of cognitive abilities proximate to death. At autopsy, neuritic and diffuse plaques and neurofibrillary tangles were counted and combined into a standardized summary measure of AD pathology. Number, volume, side, and distribution of old macroscopic infarctions were recorded. Analyses included logistic and linear regression, adjusting for age, sex, and education. RESULTS: The AD pathology score ranged from 0 to 2.93 units, and 54 persons had infarctions. There was no relationship between AD pathology and infarctions (r = 0.04, p = 0.56). Each unit of AD pathology increased the odds of dementia by 4.40-fold (95% CI = 2.33 to 8.32), and this was essentially unchanged after accounting for infarctions. The presence of one or more infarctions independently increased the odds of dementia by 2.80-fold (95% CI = 1.26 to 6.21). There was no interaction between AD pathology and infarctions to further increase the likelihood of dementia (p = 0.39). The number, size, and distribution of infarctions added to the odds of dementia but also did not show an interaction with AD pathology. Similar results were found in analyses with global cognitive function and five different cognitive systems. CONCLUSION: Cerebral infarctions independently contribute to the likelihood of dementia but do not interact with AD pathology to increase the likelihood of dementia beyond their additive effect.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Borderline mental disorders in patients with orthopedic diseases].

Results are reported of a study of borderline mental disorders in patients of the orthopedic profile. The author determined mental phenomena forming the internal picture of the disease, function of the vegetative nervous system, syndromological characterization of mental disorders, role of premorbid personality changes and main variants of development of this somatopsychic pathological state.

Borderline Personality Disorder↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characteristics of several indicators of colloid-osmotic homeostasis in middle-aged and aged persons].

Basic indexes of colloid-osmotic homeostasis have been studied in 50 patients. 25 elderly and old patients without surgical pathology have been examined, 25 young healthy persons were controls. It has been found that in elderly patients blood plasma COP tends to decrease, while blood plasma osmolality increases. The nature of changes gives evidence of lower reliability of colloid-osmotic homeostasis in geriatric patients. The results show that it is unjustified to use standard values of colloid-osmotic homeostasis characteristic of young and middle-aged patients during infusion therapy in geriatric patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence and determinants of impaired glucose metabolism in frail elderly patients: the Belgian Elderly Diabetes Survey (BEDS).

BACKGROUND: Although diabetes in elderly persons is generally type 2, the metabolic abnormalities associated with aging suggest that elderly persons may differ from younger persons with type 2 diabetes. In addition, nonobese elderly persons with type 2 diabetes show a marked impairment in insulin release accompanied by mild insulin resistance, whereas obese elderly persons have marked insulin resistance in the presence of "adequate" levels of insulin. Other factors that could adversely affect glucose tolerance in aging include drug use, associated disease, and other stressful conditions commonly encountered in geriatric inpatients units. The authors' objectives in this study were 1) to prospectively assess the prevalence of glucose homeostasis abnormalities among elderly hospitalized patients and the degree to which it reflects abnormalities in insulin secretion or insulin sensitivity using homeostasis model assessment of fasting glucose, insulin, and C-peptide; and 2) to define the social, functional, pathologic, and nutritional characteristics of persons with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes. METHODS: Ninety-eight patients underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment. Determinants of glucose homeostasis were assessed using the homeostasis model assessment, which provides estimates of beta-cell function (%B) and insulin sensitivity (%S). RESULTS: Twelve patients (12%) had fasting glucose concentrations greater than 110 mg/dl. Four patients had impaired fasting glucose levels greater than 110 mg/dl but less than 126 mg/dl (IFG group), and 8 patients had levels greater than 126 mg/dl (type 2 diabetes group). Except for a higher proportion of women in the IFG-diabetes group, the latter did not exhibit significant differences in functional, morbidity, or nutritional characteristics compared with the normal glucose tolerance group. The entire cohort (n=98) presented with a mean (+/-SD) %B of 71%+/-47% and a mean %S of 208%+/-198%. Compared with the normal glucose tolerance group, the IFG-diabetes group had a fasting glycemia level of 142+/-24 mg/dl (vs 92+/-9 mg/dl), a %B of 43%+/-21% (vs 74%+/-45%), and a mean %S of 126%+/-113% (vs 219%+/-205%). CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm the high prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism among elderly people, although the usual risk factors were not significantly increased. Marked beta secretory defects seem to be the rule, whereas a significant degree of insulin resistance is unusual.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Manic-depressive disorders in adolescence. Psychoanalytic point of view].

CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Melancholy and maniac disorders do not take on their typical clinical form until adolescence, at the very time the psychic maturation and identification processes are structuring the "definitive" personality. These processes enable the subject to acquire his/her psychic independence of the primary objects, particularly the primary maternal object and secondarily the parent object. THE MELANCHOLIC OBJECT: In so-called melancholic personalities, the identification with a primary maternal object was not totally successful during infancy and had to follow a narcissistic mode. When during adolescence the subject is faced with symbolic or real separations (independence) his/her identification object has to split with loss of the invested object, leading to melancholy (or its negative pseudo-triumphant variant: maniac disorder). IMPORTANT PROCESSES IN ADOLESCENCE: Adolescence is an exceptional, highly sensitive period when identifications acquired during infancy undergo reorganization. It is a time when defective identification can be reelaborated, favoring structuralization of a "normal" or "pathological" (here maniac-depressive) personality depending on the quality of the "identificatory", therapeutic (psychotherapy), or daily life events.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Frontolimbic brain abnormalities in patients with borderline personality disorder: a volumetric magnetic resonance imaging study.

BACKGROUND: Dual frontolimbic brain pathology has been suggested as a possible correlate of impulsivity and aggressive behavior. One previous study reported volume loss of the hippocampus and the amygdala in patients with borderline personality disorder. We measured limbic and prefrontal brain volumes to test the hypothesis that frontolimbic brain pathology might be associated with borderline personality disorder. METHODS: Eight unmedicated female patients with borderline personality disorder and eight matched healthy controls were studied. The volumes of the hippocampus, amygdala, and orbitofrontal, dorsolateral prefrontal, and anterior cingulate cortex were measured in the patients using magnetic resonance imaging volumetry and compared to those obtained in the controls. RESULTS: We found a significant reduction of hippocampal and amygdala volumes in borderline personality disorder. There was a significant 24% reduction of the left orbitofrontal and a 26% reduction of the right anterior cingulate cortex in borderline personality disorder. Only left orbitofrontal volumes correlated significantly with amygdala volumes. CONCLUSIONS: While volume loss of a single brain structure like the hippocampus is quite an unspecific finding in neuropsychiatry, the patterns of volume loss of the amygdala, hippocampus, and left orbitofrontal and right anterior cingulate cortex might differentiate borderline personality disorder from other neuropsychiatric conditions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Orchestrating a unified approach to information management.

Articles in both business and healthcare literature make frequent reference to the need for integration in healthcare organizations. In healthcare, the term horizontal integration can refer to the purchase of one hospital by another in the same geographical area, particularly where the hospitals' services overlap. Services might be consolidated in this example or one hospital may totally shut down the acquired one. Vertical integration refers to a hospital exercising control of its inputs or outputs. In one sense, patients referred to a hospital can be considered inputs. A hospital that purchases physician practices or integrated delivery systems is an example. Purchasing a nursing facility by an integrated delivery system (IDS) is another. This article focuses on organizational or holographic integration, where an organization is understood and embedded--like a hologram--in each of its smaller components, and each operating unit has knowledge about the whole system in which it is embedded. Conceptually, a hospital can achieve organizational integration relatively easily. One way is to assign administrative responsibility for two departments, radiology and pathology, for example, to one person who will handle billing, budgeting and human resources issues. Organizational integration breaks down turf barriers between distinct functional areas (often known as stovepipes or the silo mentality) because the result is less energy expended to solve problems. Organizational integration must include the merging of information technology (IT) into a single computer system that can report results across several departments, for example, in order entry, result reporting, resource scheduling or billing. At the University of Michigan Health System, technical and organizational integration are taking place across the information systems of the radiology and pathology departments. Deployment of an intranet-based architecture for ancillary information systems will provide the means to achieve high level integration across previously heterogeneous and non-integrated department-based clinical information systems.

Cooperative Behavior↗