Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PALATE”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,369 records · Page 76Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Cephalometric profile evaluations in patients with cleft lip and palate.

This study was done to determine those abnormal cephalometric features found in adult cleft lip and palate patients. The sample population consisted of 30 randomly selected white patients with cleft lip and palate who were treated by the same team that had been accredited by the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association. Twenty patients had unilateral complete clefts, and 10 had bilateral complete clefts. Thirteen different cephalometric parameters were measured and compared with normal. The results from this study showed that there were few statistically significant differences between the unilateral and bilateral cleft palate patient populations. There were only three measurements that had statistically significant differences between the unilateral cleft patients and the bilateral cleft patients: subnasale-stomion, subnasale-stomion: stomion-soft-tissue menton, and subnasale-lower lip vermillion: lower lip vermillion-soft tissue menton. However, 10 of the 13 measurements had statistically significant variations from normal. These measurements included subnasale=stomion; stomion=soft tissue menton, subnasale=lower lip vermillion; lower lip vermillion=soft tissue menton, interlabial distance, subnasale-perpendicular to upper lip, subnasale-perpendicular to lower lip, subnasale-perpendicular to chin, angle formed between sella turcica=nasion and nasion=A=point, maxillary depth angle, A-point to nasion-pogonion, and angle formed between A=point=nasion and nasion=B=point. The data indicated that a multiplicity of vertical and horizontal abnormalities exist in the person with cleft lip and palate in addition to the well-known transverse deficiencies, and that cephalometric abnormalities are not limited to anteroposterior maxillary deficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of palatal tumors.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonography for the preoperative evaluation of palatal salivary gland tumors. STUDY DESIGN: Eleven surgically treated patients with salivary gland tumors of the palate were examined retrospectively. Intraoral ultrasonic scanning examinations were performed with a 10-MHz transducer. RESULTS: The ultrasonographically well-delimited tumors had a complete capsule histologically, whereas the poorly delimited tumors had no capsule or only an incomplete capsule. The tumors that had a reinforced posterior wall echo were associated with pressure bone absorption, and the tumors that had a reinforced posterior echo were associated with bone destruction. Echograms of the tumors were classified into 4 types on the basis of the internal echoes. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoral ultrasonography of palatal tumors can be used to determine the localization and condition of the tumors by close analysis of the echogram. The internal echo pattern on the ultrasonogram of a palatal tumor was found to reflect the pathologic structure of the tumor. Ultrasonography can therefore be a quite useful technique for the preoperative evaluation of palatal salivary gland tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

Brain dysfunction in neonates with cleft palate revealed by the mismatch negativity.

OBJECTIVES: Our recent studies have demonstrated that the brain's automatic change-detection response, the mismatch negativity (MMN) of the event-related brain potential (ERP), is significantly attenuated in school-age children with CATCH syndrome and in children of the same age with cleft palate but without the CATCH syndrome. Among other problems, various kinds of learning difficulties are commonly reported in these patient groups. The present study aimed at investigating whether the MMN is attenuated already in newborns with cleft palate compared with healthy controls. METHODS: Stimuli of 1000 Hz were presented frequently and 1100 Hz infrequently to 9 neonates with cleft palate and to 8 healthy controls. Infrequent 1100 Hz stimuli elicited a prominent MMN in all of the healthy children, but only in 3 of the 9 infants with cleft palate. RESULTS: A significant difference in the mean amplitudes of responses to deviant tones between the healthy and cleft palate neonates was found. CONCLUSIONS: MMN may indicate brain dysfunctions long before they have manifested themselves in cognitive disabilities, which would enable one to identify the infants with an elevated risk and to start their rehabilitation much earlier than before.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2003

Microarray analysis of murine palatogenesis: temporal expression of genes during normal palate development.

The mammalian face is assembled in utero in a series of complex and interdependent molecular, cell and tissue processes. The orofacial complex appears to be exquisitely sensitive to genetic and environmental influence and this explains why clefts of the lip and palate are the most common congenital anomaly in humans (one in 700 live births). In this study, microarray technology was used to identify genes that may play pivotal roles in normal murine palatogenesis. mRNA was isolated from murine embryonic palatal shelves oriented vertically (before elevation), horizontally (following elevation, before contact), and following fusion. Changes in gene expression between the three different stages were analyzed with GeneChip microarrays. A number of genes were upregulated or downregulated, and large changes were seen in the expression of loricrin, glutamate decarboxylase, gamma-amino butyric acid type A receptor beta3 subunit, frizzled, Wnt-5a, metallothionein, annexin VIII, LIM proteins, Sox1, plakophilin1, cathepsin K and creatine kinase. In this paper, the changes in genetic profile of the developing murine palate are presented, and the possible role individual genes/proteins may play during normal palate development are discussed. Candidate genes with a putative role in cleft palate are also highlighted.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Management of solitary palatal metastasis from renal cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: A 68-year-old male diagnosed with left-side renal cell carcinoma, and in clinical remission for 3 years following a nephrectomy, presented with a 2-month history of progressive difficulty in swallowing, accompanied by a new growth in the palate. Examination revealed a 25 mm x 25 mm soft-tissue growth at the junction of the hard and soft palate. Systemic examination did not reveal any other evidence of cancer progression. INVESTIGATIONS: CT scans, nasopharyngoscopy, fine-needle aspiration of palatal lesion and immunohistochemistry of biopsy specimen. DIAGNOSIS: Solitary palatal metastasis at the junction of the hard and soft palate from renal cell carcinoma. MANAGEMENT: Local, lesion-directed interferon therapy, repeat nasopharyngoscopy and regular clinical follow-up.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

The distribution of clefts of the primary and secondary palates by sex, type, and location.

The frequency and patterns of distribution of cleft lip, cleft lip and alveolus, cleft lip and palate, and isolated cleft palate, together with the possible association between sex, type of cleft, and affected side were studied from records of 278 individuals with clefts. These records were obtained from four cleft centers in the New York City area and constituted a racially mixed urban sample. The type of the cleft varied between sexes. Males had significantly higher rates of cleft lip and palate (p<0.0001), and females had higher rates of isolated cleft palate (p<0.0001). No sex differences were found for cleft lip or cleft lip and alveolus. Unilateral clefts of both the primary and secondary palates were found to occur over three times more frequently than bilateral clefts, and left side predominance was demonstrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Morphologic characteristics of the dentition and palate in cases of skeletal asymmetry.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the three-dimensional morphological characteristics of the dentition and palate in skeletal asymmetry in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion using a newly defined palatal reference plane in a dental cast. Twenty patients (5 males and 15 females) who had skeletal Class III malocclusion with facial asymmetry were selected. Pretreatment posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs and maxillary dental casts were used. The lateral deviation of Me was measured as the distance from a line perpendicular to Lo-Lo' that passed through CG. The angle between the Lo-Lo' plane and the J-J' plane was measured. Each maxillary dental cast was measured using a three-dimensional surface-scanning system, and the newly defined palatal reference plane was calculated. The right/left difference in the radius of curvature of the palate and right/left differences in the vertical and mesiodistal positions of the first molars were analyzed. Linear correlation and regression techniques were used. Our findings demonstrate that the lateral deviation of the mandible is closely related to the morphology of the alveolar process and to the vertical height of the dentition. In this study, the three-dimensional application of a new palatal reference plane is very useful in morphological research, and the results provide detailed information on the characteristics of facial asymmetry.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

A systematic review of the consequences of premature birth on palatal morphology, dental occlusion, tooth-crown dimensions, and tooth maturity and eruption.

This systematic review addresses the question whether prematurity results in alteration of palatal morphology, dental occlusion, tooth-crown dimensions, and tooth maturation. A literature survey from the PubMed database covering the period from January 1966 to November 2002 used the Medical Subject Headings terms "infant, premature," and "infant, low birth weight" in combination with "jaws," "dental physiology," "dentition," and "tooth abnormalities." Controlled studies written in English and with definitions of premature birth according to the World Health Organization were selected. Two reviewers selected and extracted the data independently and also assessed the quality of the studies. The search strategy resulted in 113 articles, of which 13 met the inclusion criteria. Scientific evidence was found for altered palatal morphology in the short term among the premature children, and oral intubation was a contributing factor to the alterations. If corrected age was considered for the premature children, no delay in dental development and eruption was found compared with normally born children. Thus, the early birth of premature children must be taken in account when planning for orthodontic treatment. Because of the contradictory results and lack of longitudinal studies, the scientific evidence was too weak to answer the questions whether premature birth causes permanent alteration of palatal morphology, alteration of dental occlusion, and altered tooth-crown dimensions. To answer these questions and obtain reliable scientific evidence whether premature children are at risk for malocclusions from possible alterations of palatal morphology such as asymmetry and high arched palates, further well-designed controlled studies as well as longitudinal studies are needed.

Dental Research↗
PubMed2005

Anchorage effect of various shape palatal osseointegrated implants: a finite element study.

The purpose of this study was to compare the anchorage effects of different palatal osseointegrated implants using a finite element analysis. Three types of cylinder implants (simple implant, step implant, screw implant) were investigated. Three finite element models were constructed. Each consisted of two maxillary second premolars, their associated periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bones, palatal bone, palatal implant, and a transpalatal arch. Another model without an implant was used for comparison. The horizontal force (mesial 5N, palatal 1N) was loaded at the buccal bracket of each second premolar, and the stress in the PDL, implant, and implant surrounding bone was calculated. The results showed that the palatal implant could significantly reduce von Mises stress in the PDL (maximum von Mises stress was reduced 24.3-27.7%). The von Mises stress magnitude in the PDL was almost same in the three models with implants. The stress in the implant surrounding bone was very low. These results suggested that the implant is a useful tool for increasing anchorage. Adding a step is useful to lower the stress in the implant and surrounding bone, but adding a screw to a cylinder implant had little advantage in increasing the anchorage effect.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed2003

Vowel category dependence of the relationship between palate height, tongue height, and oral area.

This article evaluates intertalker variance of oral area, logarithm of the oral area, tongue height, and formant frequencies as a function of vowel category. The data consist of coronal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences and acoustic recordings of 5 talkers, each producing 11 different vowels. Tongue height (left, right, and midsagittal), palate height, and oral area were measured in 3 coronal sections anterior to the oropharyngeal bend and were subjected to multivariate analysis of variance, variance ratio analysis, and regression analysis. The primary finding of this article is that oral area (between palate and tongue) showed less intertalker variance during production of vowels with an oral place of articulation (palatal and velar vowels) than during production of vowels with a uvular or pharyngeal place of articulation. Although oral area variance is place dependent, percentage variance (log area variance) is not place dependent. Midsagittal tongue height in the molar region was positively correlated with palate height during production of palatal vowels, but not during production of nonpalatal vowels. Taken together, these results suggest that small oral areas are characterized by relatively talker-independent vowel targets and that meeting these talker-independent targets is important enough that each talker adjusts his or her own tongue height to compensate for talker-dependent differences in constriction anatomy. Computer simulation results are presented to demonstrate that these results may be explained by an acoustic control strategy: When talkers with very different anatomical characteristics try to match talker-independent formant targets, the resulting area variances are minimized near the primary vocal tract constriction.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Fetal cleft lip and palate: sonographic diagnosis, chromosomal abnormalities, associated anomalies and postnatal outcome in 70 fetuses.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between facial clefts, associated malformations and chromosomal abnormalities. STUDY DESIGN: Sonograms of 70 fetuses with cleft lip with or without cleft palate were prospectively and retrospectively evaluated in our tertiary referral center for the nature of the cleft lip or palate and for the nature of the associated anomalies. Additionally, karyotyping was performed in 63 of the 70 patients (90%). RESULTS: The frequency of additional anomalies and the mortality rate in this selected population varied with the type of cleft. None of the fetuses presenting an isolated cleft lip had additional anomalies and all survived. All fetuses presenting a median facial cleft had concurrent anomalies (particularly of the central nervous system (90%)) and a fatal outcome. Associated defects were more frequent in fetuses with bilateral clefts (72%) than in those with unilateral clefts (48%). Fetuses with a unilateral cleft lip with or without cleft palate had a better survival rate (52%) than those with a bilateral cleft lip with or without cleft palate (35%). The frequency and type of chromosomal abnormalities varied with the type of cleft. The highest rate of chromosomal abnormalities was found in fetuses with median clefts (82%). CONCLUSIONS: Although no conclusions regarding the prevalence of chromosomal or other anomalies in patients with a cleft lip with or without cleft palate in the general population could be drawn, the study revealed a strong relationship between the type of facial cleft, associated malformations, chromosomal abnormalities and fetal outcome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2001

Influence of the thickness of the resin palatal vault on the closest speaking space with complete dentures.

The closest speaking space (CSS) has been considered stable over time, and therefore useful to determine the vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) in edentulous patients. Clemençon affirms that, in complete denture wearers, CSS is not constant but depends on the thickness of the resin palatal vault, and that is the air volume needed to pronounce words to remain constant. The aim of this study was to evaluate Clemençon hypothesis in a group of edentulous patients rehabilitated with traditional maxillary denture and mandibular implant anchored overdenture. The CSS was determined by means of a kinematics method using the Elite System(R) at 30, 60, 90, 180, 360 days from delivery. The CSS was assessed twice at each stage: with the unmodified denture and a second time after thickening the resin palatal vault by 2 mm with a calibrated wax layer. The CSS after thickening the resin palatal vault was wider. The wider CSS observed can be because of oro-sensory feedback excited by contact between tongue and palatal vault. As hypothesized by Clemençon thickening the resin palatal vault could be a useful procedure to increase the VDO, in cases in which it is too low from the aesthetic stand point.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2000

Computerized endopharyngeal myotonometry (CEM): a new method to evaluate the tissue tone of the soft palate in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.

This study compared the tissue tone of the soft palate in nonsnoring subjects and patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) during wakefulness. Here, tissue tone means the biomechanical property of the tissue which can be characterized by two main parameters: stiffness and elasticity. Tissue tone includes both structural and neural components. A new method to evaluate the tissue tone of the soft palate was used - computerized endopharyngeal myotonometry (CEM). This method records and analyses the response of the soft palate tissues to a brief mechanical impact. The method enabled us to evaluate the most important parameters of tissue tone: stiffness, which is expressed as a frequency; and elasticity, expressed as a logarithmic decrement of the damped oscillation. First, a self-reported questionnaire was completed about the medical history of the subjects. Subjects then underwent a physical examination of the oropharynx and polysomnography with overnight pulse oximetry. The results of the CEM method indicated that patients with OSAS show an increased stiffness of the soft palate tissues (20.3, SD 4.7 Hz) compared with nonsnoring subjects (12.2, SD 1.8 Hz). In patients with sleep apnoea, elasticity is not increased in a similar way to stiffness. Thus, the disproportion between tissue stiffness and elasticity of the soft palate is a measure of the pathological changes in patients with sleep apnoea.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Etiology and clinical aspects of palatal myoclonus].

Palatal myoclonus is a movement disorder consisting of rhythmic myoclonus of the soft palate, pharynx, larynx, and other muscles derived from the embryonal branchial arches. These movements are continuous and involuntary, and the patients are, in general, unaware of them. In the majority of patients, palatal myoclonus persists for life. In oculopalatal myoclonus, the eyes can be involved in the form of a nystagmus. Often a clicking noise in one or both ears is the initial symptom which can be heard by the examiner. A variety of etiologies have been linked to palatal myoclonus. The most common defined cause is a stroke. The variable delay between the proposed cause and the appearance of the disorder causes difficulties in determining the exact etiology. Pathologic findings show a transsynaptic hypertrophic degeneration of the inferior olivary nucleus which is due to a lesion of a specific, inhibitory, anatomic pathway. This somatotopic pathway leaves the contralateral dentate nucleus, passes through the superior cerebellar peduncle, and crosses the posterior commissure before joining the central tegmental tract and descending to the ipsilateral inferior olive. Treatment of palatal myoclonus is only occasionally effective. Some patients have responded to tryptophan, carbamazepine, and trihexyphenidyl. Surgical attempts have not been successful. - In the present paper the authors report on a case of an oculopalatal myoclonus following Leber's optic atrophy which involved the brain stem.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Distribution of mucosal pH on the bucca, tongue, lips and palate. A study in healthy volunteers and patients with lichen planus, Behçet's disease and burning mouth syndrome.

Saliva coating all oral surfaces has a buffering capacity that neutralizes bacterial and cariogenic acids. The aim of our study was to determine the surface pH in different regions of the oral cavity in healthy volunteers and in patients with diseases affecting the oral mucosa. Oral pH was measured with a flat glass electrode on the anterior third of the ventral surface of the tongue, middle hard palate, buccal mucosa and inner lips in 32 healthy volunteers, 12 patients with Behçet's disease, 23 patients with oral lichen planus, and 11 patients with burning mouth syndrome. The present study showed that there was an uneven distribution of oral surface pH. The palate had a higher pH than most other sites in all groups, and in patients with lichen planus, the palate pH was higher than that in healthy controls. Those with dentures had lower pH values in the hard palate than dentate patients. The relatively high pH in the palate region in all patient groups as well as healthy volunteers needs to be further studied to clarify its mechanisms and clinical relevance.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Sensitivity of three loci on the tongue and soft palate to four basic tastes in smokers and non-smokers.

The filter paper disk method was used to determine the map of the 4 tastes (sweet, salty, sour and bitter) on the tongue and soft palate in 69 healthy individuals. The equipment used for testing included filter paper disks 8 mm in diameter and taste solutions, which were sequentially diluted (in 13 stages from 80% sucrose, 12 stages from 20% NaCl, 12 stages from 8% tartaric acid and 14 stages from 4% quinine hydrochloride). The threshold at which each taste was recognized in three locations (center of the tongue tip, foliate papillae on the left side and center of the soft palate) was determined by testing increasing concentrations of each solution. We found no difference by sex for sweet taste but women were more sensitive to sour taste on the tongue tip and to salty and bitter tastes on the soft palate. No difference in taste threshold was noted at the different locations for sweet, salty or bitter tastes, but both sexes were less sensitive to sour taste on the soft palate than on the tongue tip, and in men the soft palate was even less sensitive to sour taste than the tongue root. Smoking was associated with increased (worse) taste thresholds for all four tastes, for both men and women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

A comparison of fluconazole and ketoconazole in the treatment of rat palatal candidosis.

The efficacy of fluconazole and ketoconazole in the treatment of rat palatal candidosis has been investigated. To induce oral candidosis, the palatal tissues of Wistar rats were inoculated with Candida albicans NCPF 3091 and covered with acrylic plates. The rats were treated with either fluconazole or ketoconazole by intragastric gavage for 14 days. Palatal epithelial thickness, the number of yeasts present and the histopathological appearance of the tissue were assessed to compare treatment with the two azoles. A fluconazole dose of 0.75 mg kg-1 body weight once daily for 14 days was required to cure the palatal candidosis and prevent recrudescence, whereas with ketoconazole a dose of 7.0 mg kg-1 body weight was necessary to achieve the same effect. From these results it is concluded that fluconazole is effective at a dose nine times lower than ketoconazole in resolving rat palatal candidosis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship between early speech and later speech and language performance for children with cleft lip and palate.

This study examined the relationship between speech measures at presurgery/9 months and postsurgery/13 months and speech and language performance at 21 months for children with cleft lip and palate and their noncleft peers. Comparisons were also made between the speech and lexical development of children with cleft lip and palate and noncleft children at 21 months of age. The participants included 30 children; 15 with cleft lip and palate and 15 noncleft children. Results revealed differences between the groups for several measures of speech and lexical development at 21 months. For the children with cleft palate, correlational analyses suggested that true stop production, both immediately before and after palatal surgery, was positively correlated with a majority of the speech production measures at 21 months. At postsurgery/13 months, true stop production was related to later vocabulary development, and size of true consonant inventory was related to all measure of speech production and one measure of lexical development at 21 months. For the noncleft group, true canonical babbling ratio at 13 months was the only measure that was significantly correlated with any of the speech and/or language measures at 21 months. The impact of clefting on prelinguistic and later speech and language skills is discussed.

Cleft Lip↗