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PubMed1985

Environment, ideology, and role performance: a contextual needs assessment for an allied health profession.

Two major issues for semiprofessions are the lack of a clearly defined and unique theory base and the degree to which practitioners can maintain their identity while conforming to the expectations of their work settings. Thus, an important aspect to an educational needs assessment for allied health professions is an examination of the interaction between a theory-based ideology of practice and environmental demands. This paper describes a survey that was conducted as a needs assessment for occupational therapy. By examining the presence of ideologies in a field characterized by identity confusion and by ascertaining the relative susceptibility of these ideologies to environmental influences, the survey was seen as a beginning step toward development of a proactive, change-oriented needs assessment for an allied health profession.

Environment↗

PubMed1990

Occupational hygiene aspects of biological monitoring.

Biological monitoring of workers exposed to toxic substances has been used for many years for a variety of differing purposes. This has caused some confusion amongst the professions concerned as to its proper use in any defined circumstances. This paper attempts to clarify the position, particularly as regards the role of biological monitoring in occupational hygiene practice.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗

PubMed1984

[Prospective evaluation of occupational risk].

The paper presents the risk of life-loss at work due to ionizing radiation, as compared to work in other professions. Average life-expectancy loss in exposure to ionizing radiation, mean annual dose of 0,5 radium, comes to 12 days, whereas in other industries life-expectancy reduction comes to 500 days.

Accidents, Occupational↗

PubMed1995

Preparing nursing students for practice: successful implementation of a clinical practicum in occupational health nursing.

1. Nursing's Agenda for Health Care Reform, The Year 2000 Health Objectives for the Nation and the Pew Health Professions Commission support the provision of primary care in the workplace. 2. The faculty in the department of nursing wanted to provide learning experiences for community health nursing students that would allow students to develop the skills of teaching, program planning, and development and assessment of exposure to environmental hazards. 3. Members of an Association of Occupational Health Nurses constituent organization were invited to participate in the planning and development of appropriate learning activities.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMed2001

The prevention of occupational hand dermatitis in bakers, confectioners and employees in the catering trades. Preliminary results of a skin prevention program.

Occupational skin diseases (OSD) are among the most frequent occupational diseases (OD). Compared to other occupations, bakers, confectioners and employees in the catering trades are at a high risk of developing OSD. In January 1999, the interdisciplinary Skin Disease Prevention Program in the Baking, Hotel and Catering Industries (SDPP) conducted by the Department of Dermatology and Allergology at the Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, in cooperation with the Research Center for Applied System Safety and Industrial Medicine, Erfurt, and the technical experts at the Social Insurance for the Food Industry and Related Professions (Berufsgenossenschaft für Nahrungsmittel und Gaststätten--(BGN)), Erfurt, was initiated. Following detailed analysis of the occupational exposure of the employees and their personal occupational disease history, the patients' diagnosis and therapy was re-evaluated and supplemented if necessary. Individual skin care and protection regimes were demonstrated and practically trained. Skin care and protection products were supplied. Skin-care and protection seminars were offered to volunteering participants. From January to December 1999, 29 affected employees were examined in the OSD clinic. 22 employees (76%) suffered from irritant contact dermatitis. The follow-up data of 11 employees are available. In 8 employees (73%), the skin disease improved or disappeared. Moreover, in 1 employee (9%), the skin condition was stabilized even though he continued working. In only 2 employees (18%) did the skin condition worsen. These preliminary results showed that most of the OSD were due to lack of or unsuitable skin care and protection. The program will be extended to cover a larger number of food industry employees with OSD.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Nurses' perceptions of severe acute respiratory syndrome: relationship between commitment and intention to leave nursing.

AIMS: This paper reports a study which aimed to: (1) investigate the relationship between nurses' commitment to the nursing profession and organization and their intention to leave; (2) investigate nurses' perceptions of the possibility of acquiring severe acute respiratory syndrome infection and its moderation of their commitment to the nursing profession and the organization and their consequent intentions to leave the profession and the organization following the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak. BACKGROUND: The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in 2003 resulted in a fatality rate of approximately 11%. Nurses in hospitals caring for patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome maintained close contact with the infected patients. The high risk of infection and death associated with caring for patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome had a great impact on nurse retention in hospitals. Nurse turnover in many countries where these outbreaks occurred has been high since the first outbreak occurred in March 2003. METHODS: Three hundred and thirty nurses working at a Taiwan hospital during the time of the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak completed the Meyer, Allen & Smith Organizational and Occupational Commitment Scales, Intention to Leave and Perceived Stress of Infection Scales between July and August 2003. RESULTS: All three components of occupational and organizational commitments were negatively associated with nurses' intentions to leave the nursing profession and the organization. Nurses' perceptions of the possibility of acquiring severe acute respiratory syndrome infection through caring for these patients had a moderating effect on the relationship between commitment and the intention to leave. CONCLUSIONS: Perceived risk to life from infection has a possible influence on the commitment/intention-to-leave model in hospital nurses caring for patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome, and this information can inform hospital and nursing managers about nurse retention following a severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak and the management of commitment in the context of nursing human resources management.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Health effects of work schedules in healthcare professions.

Increasing variety in working patterns and the appearance of new forms of shift schedules in the different occupational sectors, including health services, have raised great concern about the quality of working life and job performance. The aim of this paper is to present a systematic review of the literature on the effects on health of irregular schedules in healthcare professionals. Computer and manual searches of databases, and discussion with experts, were used to identify relevant studies. No conclusive evidence was found to favour any particular work system, although there is evidence that extended workdays (9-12 h) should be avoided as much as possible. There is need for carefully designed studies in order to evaluate the long-term consequences of work schedules in healthcare workers.

Health Personnel↗

PubMed1999

Evaluation of the impingement of the pronator muscle in occupational carpal tunnel syndrome by electromyographic and ultrasonographic techniques.

Normal flexion of the fingers involves an involuntary contraction of the pronator and lumbrical muscle. In individuals whose profession involves constant flexing of the fingers those muscles become hypertrophied, impinging on the carpal tunnel. The narrowing of the carpal tunnel yields well to ultrasonography. The objective of this investigation was to find an ultrasonographic index of occupational carpal tunnel syndrome. Thus "Index M" denotes the variation obtained in the "M Space" before and after flexion-extension of the fingers. The study included 45 subjects performing tasks which involved the risk of cumulative trauma disorders. The subjects were tested using the electromyography and ultrasonography. The method was based on relation between the decrease in conduction of the median nerve measured by electromyography and the ultrasonographically measured variation of "M Space" in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The sensitivity of ultrasonography was 85%, as it confirmed the pathologic findings determined by electromyography ("M Index" positive) in twenty-two out of 26 hands, but the specificity was not statistically significant. Ultrasonography seems to have found very important application as a screening technique in occupational medicine. It is non-invasive, sensitive, easily repeated, and costs little.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Outcomes research: the history, debate, and implications for the field of occupational therapy.

The field of occupational therapy, as with all facets of health care, has been profoundly affected by the changing climate of health care delivery. The combination of cost-effectiveness and quality of care has become the benchmark for and consequent drive behind the rise of managed health care delivery systems. The spawning of outcomes research is in direct response to the need for comparative databases to provide results of effectiveness in health care treatment protocols, evaluations of health-related quality of life, and cost containment measures. Outcomes management is the application of outcomes research data by all levels of health care providers. The challenges facing occupational therapists include proving our value in an economic trend of downsizing, competing within the medical profession, developing and affiliating with new payer sources, and reengineering our careers to meet the needs of the new, nontraditional health care marketplace.

American Medical Association↗

PubMed1987

The professional image of medical record practitioners.

The medical record profession is currently being provided with an excellent opportunity for growth. The recognition of professional status by others is an important objective in the growth of any occupation. This article reports on a study undertaken to examine the perceptions of the professional image of medical record practitioners by members of the profession and by members of other health care disciplines.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed1995

[Criteria for diagnosis of occupational asbestosis of the pulmonary parenchyma and pleura].

The criteria for acknowledgement of occupational parenchymal asbestosis were set out in the List of Occupational Diseases of 1983, under paragraph 26. In spite of this, some occupational health specialists and invalidity committees acknowledge the disease only when it meets the criteria recommended in the Conclusions of a Workshop on Asbestosis, held in former Yugoslavia, although such criteria were never legally implemented. According to these criteria asbetosis of the lung is recognized only when parenchymal profusion is subcategory profusion is subcategory 2/1 and higher, or at least subcategory 1/1 with visible pleural plaques and/or bilateral calcifications. In the Department of Occupational Health of the Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health in Zagreb chest X-rays were taken and examined in 350 workers occupationally exposed to asbestos. In 51 (15%) of the workers lung fibrosis was excluded (profession of the parenchyma was subcategory 0/-) and in 53 (15%) fibrosis of the parenchyma could not be excluded or confirmed on the basis of the X-rays. In the remaining 246 (70%) the X-rays demonstrated clearly visible fibrosis and, depending on the parenchymal profusion, the finding was classified as subcategory 0/1 - 2/1 and higher, i.e. in 9% of the workers subcategory 1/1 was accompanied by visible bilateral pleural plaques. According to the Criteria from the Conclusions of a Workshop, on the basis of parenchymal profusion, asbestosis of the lungs would have to be acknowledged in 4% of those examined, while in 9% of the workers with parenchymal profusion of subcategory 1/1 or 1/2 asbestosis could be acknowledged only if visible bilateral plaques or pleural calcifications were present. On the other hand, according to the List of Occupational Diseases, only 15% of the examined workers offered no ground for acknowledging occupational parenchymal asbestosis. In another 15% of the examination, by which parenchymal asbestosis could be confirmed or excluded. Asbestosis of the lungs is a disease sui generis which should, with a positive work history, always be recognized as an occupational disease, after other etiology of the parenchymal fibrosis has been excluded. The extent of parenchymal profusion, other asbestosis-related diseases and/or impaired ventilatory or diffusive function of the lungs are not decisive.

Asbestosis↗

PubMed2002

[Skin reactions to dental materials].

In dentistry, contact with a wide range of both irritants and contact allergens pose an important occupational hazard. It is important to understand the resulting clinical skin symptoms and their causes to prevent further exposition and to avoid serious problems that may lead to an incompatibility with the dentist profession.

Acrylates↗

PubMed1994

1994 Muriel Driver Memorial Lecture. Back to the future.

The profession is heading through some treacherous waters and to navigate them the author suggests a return to the sources of occupational therapy practice, and in particular, a shift in attitude towards greater simplicity; listening to clients more sensitively; encouraging their self discovery, values and direction; and a raised consciousness that the subjects of our discipline are human beings who must be considered individually. Dealing with the issue of professional ethics is another suggested shift in attitude as more occupational therapists are confronted with choices. The balance between what is do-able and what is desirable is not always clear, and it is suggested that by fully embracing the two fundamental values of competence and ethics, the profession will ensure that the public confidence necessary to do its work is deserved. The author debates the tension between the particular needs of the client, and the limited technological, financial and human resources that are available, and concludes by challenging us to change some attitudes and to become more open to creative and diverse opinions and experiences.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Perceptions of occupational therapists regarding postprofessional education.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine how occupational therapists perceive postprofessional education, specifically the reasons for pursuing or not pursuing graduate education, as well as to examine the factors that seem most important. METHOD: Seven hundred and fifty members of the American Occupational Therapy Association who did not have advanced degrees were surveyed. Respondents were asked why they did or did not want to pursue postprofessional education and, for those respondents interested in graduate study, what factors were most important. The important factors were examined across the levels of age, years of experience, practice areas, and regions. RESULTS: Surveys were returned by 314 members (a response rate of 42%), with 22% indicating interest in postprofessional education and 78% indicating no interest. For reasons not to pursue postprofessional education, respondents indicated that they were not interested in returning to intensive coursework and that a higher degree would not help in the advancement of their career. The two major reasons for pursuing graduate education included personal development and to increase skills and knowledge. As age increased, interest in graduate school decreased; interest was highest in the 3-6 years of experience range. Practice-specific programs was the area of specialization most desired; other important factors were cost of program and clinical work emphasized. CONCLUSION: Results suggested that a relatively low number of occupational therapists consider pursuing postprofessional education. Thus, if graduate education is essential for the advancement of the profession, emphasis must be on clarifying the need for and value of postprofessional education.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Sport and recreation for the severely disabled.

A classification of sport and recreation and an explanation of the term "severely" disabled are given, as well as the physical, psychological, social and work attributes of sport and the problems experienced by the disabled in these areas. The relevance and importance of occupational therapy in this field are briefly discussed and the article concludes with an introduction to the SA Sports Association for the physically disabled. A list of recognized competitive sports for the various groups and an address list for the use of medical practitioners and allied professions is given.

Persons with Disabilities↗

PubMed2006

Attitudes and knowledge of students in the allied health professions toward their future professional team members.

The investigators wished to explore final-year allied health students' knowledge of their future colleagues. A survey developed by Felsher and Ross (1994) was adapted and administered to 35 occupational therapy (OT), 35 physical therapy (PT), and 35 speech-language pathology (SLP) students. Findings suggested that all students had a good understanding and knowledge of their own professions. Differences were found among the three groups of students regarding their understanding of other disciplines and the overlap in OT and SLP roles. Specifically, OT and SLP students perceived their own professions as the primary providers of cognitive treatment. Ways to foster student understanding and collaboration are suggested.

Allied Health Personnel↗

PubMed1995

[Occupational activities and allergic respiratory manifestations].

The authors review aspects of occupational asthma that are important for the practitioner. Insurance problems are dealt with in the light of local regulations. Detailed chapters are devoted to baker's asthma (various aeroallergens), to plastic workers and painters (isocyanates) and to respiratory diseases among farmers. Finally, a list of other occupations in which asthma typically occurs is given. The responsibility of practitioners in charge of young patients about to choose their future profession is underlined.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[About suicide methods of physicians, medical personnel and related professions].

UNLABELLED: A collective of 131 suicides of physicians (n = 40), female and male nurses (n = 38), pharmacists/chemist/biologists (n = 17) and medical/chemical assistant personnel (n = 36) was evaluated with regard to the method of suicide. Preferred methods were ingestion of medicaments orally (29%) and by infusion/injection (18%), hanging (13%), cyanide poisoning (10%), jumping from great height (10%) and drowning (8%). The results were compared with a control group (n = 739: hanging 32%, oral ingestion of medicaments 16%, jumping from great height 13%, shooting 9%, drowning 8%, railway suicides 7%). Methods such as infusion/injection (anesthesiologists) and cyanide poisoning (chemists/chemical staff) being typical of occupation were over-represented within the first group, however, at the same time concentrated on specialized subgroups. Intoxications by infusion/injection and medicaments predominated even more clearly in physicians (58%) than in the total collective. CONCLUSION: The tendency to a method of suicide being typical of the profession rises among physicians and related occupations with the degree of specialization (increasing knowledge, easier access to appropriate drugs and methods). Medical/chemical education and occupation alone is not yet associated with such a predisposition.

Adult↗