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PubMedDate not supplied

National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme in India.

Iodine Deficiency Disorders are one of the biggest worldwide public health problem of today. Their effect is hidden and profound affecting the quality of human life. An attempt has been made to describe the various aspects of the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders control Programme (NIDDCP) being implemented in the country. The paper also focuses about the problems associated in implementing this national programme.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nutrition assessment: experience is not a predictor of knowledge.

This study tested an evidence-based nutrition education program for licensed nurses working in nursing homes who scored an average of 56% on a pretest. Posttest scores averaged 66%, demonstrating a continuing deficit of basic nutritional knowledge despite the educational intervention. Statistical analysis revealed that less experienced nurses scored better on posttests than more experienced nurses; more experienced nurses performed nutritional assessment more often than less experienced nurses; and more experienced nurses were usually charge nurses or nurses completing Minimum Data Sets. Although the education did not eliminate all deficits in nutrition knowledge, a decrease in the percentage of residents with significant weight loss was noted.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Perinatal nutrition and hormone-dependent programming of food intake.

It is increasingly accepted that alterations of the intrauterine and early postnatal nutritional, metabolic and hormonal environment may predispose individuals to development of diseases in later life. Results from studies of the offspring of diabetic mothers strongly support this hypothesis. It has also been suggested that being light at birth leads to an increased risk of the metabolic syndrome (Syndrome X) in later life (the Barker hypothesis). The pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie this programming are unclear. However, hormones are important environment-dependent organizers of the developing neuroendocrine-immune network, which regulates all the fundamental processes of life. Hormones can act as 'endogenous functional teratogens' when present in non-physiological concentrations, induced by alterations in the intrauterine or neonatal environment during critical periods of perinatal life. Perinatal hyperinsulinism is pathognomic in offspring of diabetic mothers. Early hyperinsulinism also occurs as a result of early postnatal overfeeding. In rats, endogenous hyperinsulinism, as well as peripheral or intrahypothalamic insulin treatment during perinatal development, may lead to 'malprogramming' of the neuroendocrine systems regulating body weight, food intake and metabolism. This results in an increased disposition to become obese and to develop diabetes throughout life. Similar malprogramming may occur due to perinatal hypercortisolism and hyperleptinism. With regard to 'small baby syndrome' and the thrifty phenotype hypothesis, we propose that early postnatal overfeeding of underweight newborns may substantially contribute to their long-term risk of obesity and diabetes. In summary, a complex malprogramming of the central regulation of body weight and metabolism may provide a general aetiopathogenetic concept, explaining perinatally acquired disposition to later disease and, thereby, opening a wide field for primary prevention.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A logic model framework for community nutrition education.

Logic models are a practical method for systematically collecting impact data for community nutrition efforts, such as the Food Stamp Nutrition Education program. This report describes the process used to develop and test the Community Nutrition Education Logic Model and the results of a pilot study to determine whether national evaluation data could be captured without losing flexibility of programming and evaluation at the state level. The objectives were to develop an evaluation framework based on the Logic Model to include dietary quality, food safety, food security, and shopping behavior/food resource management and to develop a training mechanism for use. The portability feature of the model should allow application to a variety of community education programs.

Consumer Product Safety↗
PubMed1981

A coordinated approach to children's health in India.

In 1976 a programme which integrated nutritional, health, and educational services for children, mothers, and pregnant women was set up in India, and these services were delivered to the local people mainly through members of their own community. After 21 months the programme achieved improvements in nutritional status of the children that were not attained by decades of many other separate nutritional, health, and educational programmes. Acceptance of immunisation schemes also improved. The programme was first implemented in 33 communities (blocks). Because of its success its gradually being extended to other blocks.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of results of a nutritional marketing intervention in Montreal restaurants].

This article reviews two major questions examined in conjunction with the evaluation of the feasibility of a nutritional marketing program in restaurants. The first question focuses on the acceptance by restaurateurs of this type of initiative and the second, on the receptiveness of consumers. The evaluation allows us to render a positive judgement regarding the project while recognizing its limitations. The evaluation also points to a number of ways in which the program should be changed if it is expanded.

Advertising↗
PubMed2006

[Malnutrition in pediatric oncology: prevalence and screening].

UNLABELLED: Algorithms for nutritional pediatric support have been proposed in a French national nutritional framework program. However, they are not specific for oncology. With the pediatric nutritional risk score (PNRS) all children with cancer have a high risk of malnutrition, but a systematic nutritional support is not possible for all of them. AIM: Estimation of malnutrition prevalence and identification of predictive factors of major weight loss during treatment defined by a weight loss more than 5% within 1 month, 7.5% within 3 months, 10% within 6 months. POPULATION AND METHODS: This historical study included children registered with a solid tumor in 2002 in an oncology pediatric unit. Data collected at diagnosis were weight, height, PNRS, the Lansky functional score, tumor type. Furthermore weight, height, and major weight loss were collected at each cure of chemotherapy and during evolution. Malnutrition at diagnosis was defined using the weight for height ratio. Relations between major weight loss and risks factors were estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS: Seventy children were included, 16 (22.9%) were malnourished at admission. During chemotherapy, 29 (41.4%) children experienced a major weight loss. Odds ratio of those who were malnourished at diagnosis was not significantly higher in comparison to well-nourished children. Children with a high risk of malnutrition are those affected by Ewing tumor, B lymphom, head and neck localisations, osteosarcomas, metastatic cancers, or cancers treated by high dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue. For these 29 (41.4%) children the major weight loss odds ratio was 5.9 [IC95% 2.0-16.7]. CONCLUSION: Taking into account others factors with items of PNRS allows to screen children with an higher risk of a major weight loss during treatment and to enhance nutritional care plan for them.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Nutritional support of the cancer patient: issues and dilemmas.

Malnutrition in cancer patients results from multifactorial events and is associated with an alteration of quality of life and a reduced survival. A simple nutritional assessment program and early counselling by a dietitian are essential to guide nutritional support and to alert the physician to the need for enteral (EN) or parenteral nutrition (PN). A daily intake of 20-35 kcal/kg, with a balanced contribution of glucose and lipids, and of 0.2-0.35 g nitrogen/kg is recommended both for EN and PN, with an adequate provision of electrolytes, trace elements and vitamins. EN, always preferable for patients with an intact digestive tract, and PN are both safe and effective methods of administering nutrients. The general results in clinical practice suggest no tumor growth during nutritional support. The indiscriminate use of conventional EN and PN is not indicated in well-nourished cancer patients or in patients with mild malnutrition. EN or PN is not clinically efficacious for patients treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, unless there are prolonged periods of GI toxicity, as in the case of bone marrow transplant patients. Severely malnourished cancer patients undergoing major visceral surgery may benefit from perioperative nutritional support, preferably via enteral access. Nutritional support in palliative care should be based on the potential risks and benefits of EN and PN, and on the patient's and family's wishes. Research is currently directed toward the impact of nutritional pharmacology on the clinical outcome of cancer patients. Glutamine-supplemented PN is probably beneficial in bone marrow transplant patients. Immune diets are likely to reduce the rate of infectious complications and the length of hospital stay after GI surgery. Further studies are needed to determine the efficacy of such novel approaches in specific populations of cancer patients, and should also address the question of the overall cost-benefit ratio of nutritional pharmacology, and the effect of nutritional support on length and quality of life.

Cachexia↗
PubMed1986

Nutrition knowledge of senior medical students: a collaborative study of southeastern medical schools.

The Southeastern Regional Medical-Nutrition Education Network (SERMEN) comprises 11 medical schools with varied nutrition training programs. A faculty representative from each school rated 41 topics in nutrition as to their importance for medical practice. From the seven topics unanimously chosen, a 90-item examination was prepared using the University of Alabama School of Medicine's Nutrition Test-Item Bank. Thirteen additional items surveyed student attitudes toward their nutrition training. Twenty-one percent of senior students from 10 SERMEN schools took the examination. Results showed significant variation in knowledge levels among the schools on the overall examination and on the seven topics. Eighty-five percent were dissatisfied with the quantity and 60% with the quality of their medical-nutrition education. Knowledge scores correlated with the students' assessments with r values of 0.28 and 0.35, respectively (p less than 0.001). Findings indicate significant variation in nutrition knowledge of US medical students.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1999

Nutritional protocol after acute thermal injury.

Nutritional requirements drastically change after a serious burn injury. In this article the feeding protocol of the Burn Unit of the University Hospital Louvain-Belgium is presented. Patients who are victim of large cutaneous burns are characterized by an elevated metabolic rate and weight loss. To contend with this syndrome, a rigorous nutritional support program is essential. Care must be taken to provide an appropriate nutritional regimen in order to minimize protein catabolism and to promote wound healing and immune defence. Simultaneously, a review of the literature summarizes current methods of procuring nutritional support to the burn patient, adult and paediatric, especially as micronutrients are concerned.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of body composition, exercise and nutritional profiles of female and male body builders at competition.

Limited research information is available on the training programs and dietary practices of competitive male and female body builders. Information on body composition, training programs, and nutritional profiles of eleven competitive male and female body builders were obtained 48 hours prior to competition. Body composition was assessed by hydrostatic weighing. Skinfold data were obtained to assess the distribution of subcutaneous fat. Questionnaires concerning training programs and a three day food intake record were collected. The female body builders achieved a degree of leanness similar to the males. The relative training volumes for the women were greater than those of the men for all body regions. Gender differences were found in regional deposition of subcutaneous fat between males and females, with the males showing a more uniform distribution of subcutaneous fat. The nutritional profiles of male and female body builders were similar. The pre-competitive diets were low in kilocalories, and the relative energy intakes for men and women were 28.6 kcal/kg and 29.2 kcal/kg respectively. Both men and women consumed low fat and high protein foods. All of the vitamin/mineral intakes of the body builders exceeded the RDA's with the exceptions of calcium for men and women and iron for women only.

Adult↗