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At least 1,369 records · Page 76Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Influence of testosterone on the development of the ischiocavernosus muscle of the rat.

The mean area of the neuromuscular endplates and the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity at the myotendinous junction of the ischiocavernosus muscle were studied in normal, castrated and testosterone-treated castrated Wistar rats by the Koelle method. The mean endplate area was found to be smaller in castrated rats, compared to normal ones (p less than 0.001), while testosterone treatment restored its normal size (0.8 greater than p greater than 0.7). The terminal AChE activity in castrated rats was as strong and spread as in juvenile ones, while it was almost absent in normal and in testosterone-treated castrated rats. The same parameters were examined in the tibialis anterior muscle of the same rats, chosen as a specimen of 'nonhormone-dependent' muscle, without finding any difference among the single groups.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed2001

Two myostatin genes are differentially expressed in myotomal muscles of the trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Myostatin (GDF8) has been shown to be a major genetic determinant of skeletal muscle growth in mammals. In this study, we report the cloning of two trout cDNAs that encode two distinct myostatin-related proteins. The presence in this fish species of two myostatin genes (Tmyostatin 1 and Tmyostatin 2) probably results from the recent tetraploïdisation of the salmonid genome. A comparative reverse-transcriptase-linked polymerase chain reaction assay revealed that Tmyostatin 1 mRNA was present ubiquitously in trout tissues, while Tmyostatin 2 mRNA expression was restricted to muscle and brain. In developing muscle, Tmyostatin 1 expression was observed in eyed-stage embryos well before hatching, whereas Tmyostatin 2 was expressed only in free-swimming larvae. In myotomal muscle from adult animals, Tmyostatin 1 mRNA accumulation was similar in both slow- and fast-twitch fibres, and its concentration did not change during the muscle wasting associated with sexual maturation. In contrast, Tmyostatin 2 mRNA accumulated predominantly in slow-twitch fibres, and its concentration decreased dramatically in wasting muscles from maturing animals. This work shows that two distinct myostatin genes are present in the trout genome. Furthermore, it indicates that these two trout myostatin genes (i) exhibit a distinct expression pattern in muscle and non-muscle tissues and (ii) are not upregulated during the muscle wasting that accompanies sexual maturation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

[Role of growth hormone underproduction and support load deficit in development of muscle atrophy and osteopenia in tail-suspended rats].

In a 20-day experiment with tail-suspended male rats histological and histomorphometric techniques were used to study the effects of growth hormone, thyroxin, and graded support loads on the progress of atrophy in soleus and gastrocnemius m.m., tibial metaphyses spongiosis, and growth of tibiae. Daily injections of growth hormone at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg of the body mass were found to restore the longitudinal growth of tibiae and to suppress osteopenia in the spongiosis of metaphyses; however, they did not have any noteworthy effect on the muscular atrophy in the suspended rats. Support loading of the hind limbs for 2 hours a day in parallel to the treatment with growth hormone and thyroxin (0.02 mg/kg of the body mass per a day) suppressed the atrophy in soleus m. but not in gastrocnemius m. They were not able to oppose to osteoporosis in tibial metaphyses spongiosis; tibial growth was not normalized. Thyroxin did not appear to markedly influence muscle and bone atrophies; moreover, it made hypofunctioning of the thyroid more intense and, when combined with the growth hormone, masked the positive effect of the latter on the rats' bones.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Cerebral angiogenesis shows nestin expression in endothelial cells.

The class VI intermediate filament protein nestin has been generally considered as a specific marker for neural precursor cells or developing muscles. In the prenatal developing rat central nervous system (CNS), we localized immunoreactivity for the nestin in blood vessels. Although the widespread nestin expression in cerebral blood vessels persisted in early postnatal periods, it was down-regulated in the adulthood. However, when the adult rat brains were subjected to procedures that trigger neovascularization, e.g. grafting fetal nervous tissue or C6 glioma, the abundant immunoreactivity was detected in all newly formed vessels and adjacent host vasculature. Our results demonstrate that nestin expression in endothelial cells lining cerebral vessels accompanies the process of angiogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of calcium in the regulation of syncytial formation and the formation of creatine kinase during the development of muscle in the absence of creatine].

1. It is demonstrated for the first time that typically elongated chick myotubes, with more than 20 nuclei per fiber and creatine kinase, appear in cultures fed all time with partially defined auto-conditioned medium. 2. It was found that the skeletal muscle enzyme of the chick embryo is independent of the presence of creatine and consequently is another constitutive enzyme like the creatine kinase of the early embryonic chick heart. 3. Calcium elicited the activity of the enzyme and promoted fusion of myoblasts in a creatine-free partially defined medium, in the absence of embryo extract. 4. It is suggested that creatine kinase is a dual molecule, working as an ATPasa in the absence of creatine with H2O as the nucleophilic reagent. 5. Alternatively, it is possible that creatine kinase can be synthesized and localized in advance to the advent of creatine in myocardial and skeletal muscle cells.

Animals↗