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PubMedDate not supplied

Temporal and spatial aspects of lingual coarticulation in /kl/ sequences: a cross-linguistic investigation.

Temporal and spatial aspects of lingual coarticulation in /kl/ clusters in intervocalic position (VklV) were investigated in six European languages: Catalan, English, French, German, Italian, and Swedish. Three speakers of each language repeated a set of real words and nonsense items five times. Temporal overlap of /k/ and /l/ gestures, as represented by a numerical "overlap index", was interpreted as tongue-tip/tongue-body coarticulation, and was measured from electropalatographic and airflow records. Results revealed several language-specific features. For example, the tendency to overlap was different for the six languages. All the languages except Swedish showed some instances of overlap, and Catalan showed the strongest tendency. The vowel environment also had a significant effect: The presence of an open back vowel in V1 and V2 positions increased the tendency for overlap to occur. However, there was no statistically significant difference in overlap between nonsense and real words. Spatial information from EPG data showed that articulatory placement of the tongue-body gesture was more retracted in a /kl/ cluster compared to a singleton consonant. All the languages under investigation showed this phenomenon. These findings are discussed in terms of possible constraints operating between the tip/blade and tongue-body systems.

Female↗
PubMed2006

Determining the cause of dyspnoea: linguistic and biological descriptors.

Dyspnoea is the most common symptom of patients with cardio-respiratory diseases. It is a generic term related to different pathophysiological abnormalities that may result in different qualities of respiratory discomfort, defined by specific verbal descriptors for a specific diagnosis. Often it is difficult to distinguish the underlying pathology of dyspnoea, eg, either from chronic heart failure (CHF) or from other respiratory causes. The discovery of the endocrine function of the heart, as well as the development of accurate and feasible assay methods allow the use of cardiac natriuretic hormones in the assessment of cardiovascular diseases, namely acute coronary syndromes and heart failure. It is advisable to measure cardiac natriuretic hormones in order to exclude or suggest the diagnosis of CHF in patients with a suspicious diagnosis, but with ambiguous signs and symptoms or manifestations that can be confused with other pathologies (like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). The most common symptom of patients with cardio-respiratory diseases is dyspnoea, a 'difficult, laboured, uncomfortable breathing'. Dyspnoea has been defined as 'a term used to characterize a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity. The experience derives from interactions among multiple physiological, psychological, social and environmental factors, and may induce secondary physiological and behavioural responses'. Breathlessness is characterized by measurable intensity and qualitative dimensions, which may vary depending on the individual, the underlying disease, and other circumstances.3 The neurophysiological basis of dyspnoea relies on receptors in the airways lung parenchyma, respiratory muscles together with chemoreceptors providing sensory feedback via vagal, phrenic and intercostal nerves to the spinal cord, medulla and higher centres. Breathlessness is based on different pathophysiolagical abnormalities that may result in different qualities of respiratory discomfort, which are defined by specific verbal descriptors related to a specific diagnosis. Nevertheless different diseases may share the same descriptors. There is no clear relationship between the qualitative descriptors of dyspnoea and the quantitative intensity among the patient groups: different diseases may be distinguished by quality but not intensity of the sensation. Differences in languages, in races, cultures, gender, and in the manner in which concepts or symptoms are held can all influence the idea, quality and intensity of dyspnoea.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1998

Linguistic performance in children who develop schizophrenia in adult life. Evidence for normal syntactic ability.

BACKGROUND: Less syntactically complex speech in patients with schizophrenia has been thought to represent a premorbid dysfunction, of possible prognostic value and indicative of a neurodevelopmental origin for schizophrenia. METHOD: Narratives written at age 11 by children who then developed psychiatric disorders in adult life (using PSE CATEGO diagnoses), especially schizophrenia, were compared with matched controls on syntactic complexity, syntactic maturity, grammatical deviance and spelling ability. RESULTS: Children who later developed either schizophrenia, affective psychosis or a neurotic type of disorder in adulthood did not differ from normal controls on any of the measures of syntactic production, grammatical errors or spelling. CONCLUSIONS: It is probable that previous reports of reduced syntactic complexity in schizophrenic speech are a consequence of being in a psychotic state and do not represent a premorbid deficit.

Adolescent↗