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At least 1,369 records · Page 76Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Nutritional and behavioural aspects of nasogastric tube feeding in infants receiving chronic peritoneal dialysis.

Eight infants initiated chronic peritoneal dialysis and received nasogastric tube feedings during their first month of life. In each case, the nasogastric tube feedings were initiated because of poor oral intake and the desire to avert the development of an aversive feeding interaction between parent and child. The nutritional regimen was designed to allow normal or catch up weight gain appropriate for height age. The caloric and protein intake of the infants averaged 98.5 +/- 10.2 kcal/kg/day and 2.7 gm/kg/day, respectively, during the first year of life. Between 25% and 100% of the formula intake was provided by the nasogastric route. Group standard deviation score for height was -1.74 +/- 0.7 at one year. Five of the infants received behavioral therapy because of persistent food refusal. Therapy consisted of reinforcing prompted food acceptance and ignoring food refusal. This approach was conducted by a multidisciplinary team and successfully converted the non-oral feeder to a total oral feeding regimen in each case.

Enteral Nutrition↗
PubMed1989

[Adaptive behavior of mature newborn infants following obstetric pain control with peridural fentanyl].

Obstetric pain relief using fentanyl epidurally is a safe and efficient method. In this study the effects of this obstetric analgesia on the adaptation pattern of 26 eutrophic newborns in the first hour of live have been estimated with cardiorespirograph in comparison with a normal groups. We did also determinations of acid-base-balance in arterial blood of umbilical artery and in hyperemic capillary blood of newborns. There were significant differences in basal frequency and the duration till the beginning of resting phase in the cardiorespirogramm. The differences to normal newborns may be correlated to the slight increase of partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the newborns following obstetrical analgesia. During the first hour of life newborns can good compensate. There is no sedation of newborns by fentanyl.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1979

Children's imitations of lexical items.

3 experiments are reported in which the role of imitation in the acquisition of certain lexical items and factors influencing children's tendency to imitate these lexical items were examined. Imitation did not appear to facilitate the subsequent spontaneous use of lexical items. However, children's tendency to imitate lexical items appeared to be influenced by the novelty of the lexical item and its referent, the informativeness of the referent in the situation, and the lexical orientation of the children. The results are consistent with the interpretation that children's imitations involve the use of a supplied and previously unavailable lexical item under circumstances where lexical usage is highly probable.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

[Visual behavior of the premature infant].

Ocular reflexes were studied at birth in neonates of varying gestational ages and then followed every two weeks. It is possible to distinguish reflexes that may be present at birth that are dependent on gestational age and those acquired later. Each reflex corresponds to the establishment of neuronal corrections and thus it is possible to follow the development of neural structures in utero and after birth. Ocular examination of the newborn completes the examination of the central nervous system and a scale of visual age is proposed. The repeated examination of premature infants showed the development of visual function was accelerated.

Gestational Age↗
PubMed1995

[Behavioral markers of premature infants--a study of "temperament in early childhood"].

In a two-point longitudinal study we compared preterm and fullterm infants with respect to certain behaviour patterns known as "infant temperament". Interdependencies between depression and childrearing attitudes of the mothers and temperamental characteristics of infants are analysed. Investigations took place after birth and four months (corrected age) later and comprised, among other questionnaires, a new German temperament assessment scale as well as clinical data. Our results show that, independent of their depression and childrearing attitudes, mothers of preterm infants describe their babies as showing much less positive emotions and having far more problems in being soothed. In both groups the baby's positive reactions and soothability was related to the extent of its mother's motivation to stimulate the baby and care for it. However, showing many negative emotions cannot sufficiently be explained by prematurity and certain mother characteristics at time of birth.

Female↗