Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “INSEMINATION, ARTIFICIAL”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,369 records · Page 76Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Cost-benefit evaluation of artificial insemination for genetic improvement of wool-producing sheep.

The financial costs and benefits associated with the use of artificial insemination (AI) in commercial flocks are evaluated. Benefits are calculated in terms of net present values after summing the discounted value of benefits over 20 years. Two breeding strategies are evaluated. With the first, AI is used to produce flock ewes and wethers. The method is unlikely to be profitable unless high breeding value rams are available for AI programs with fresh semen. With the second, AI is used to produce home-bred rams, which in turn sire flock ewes and wethers. This approach is more likely to be profitable. The cost of AI per lamb weaned from laparoscopic AI programs is about $100. Benefits exceed this cost for rams of very high merit when wool prices are moderate or higher. Flock structure has a significant effect on the benefits. Flocks with low wether retention rates have benefits half that of flocks that retain most wethers to 6 years of age. AI with purchased semen also provides benefits to risk management for owners of commercial flocks who wish to breed their own replacement flock rams.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Sperm motility characteristics and pregnancy outcome of artificial insemination with husband's semen for male infertility.

What parameter of semen has influence on the pregnancy outcome of artificial insemination with the husband's semen (AIH) with washed sperm for male infertility was investigated. Two hundred fifteen cycles in 62 patients of AIH with washed sperm for male infertility were prospectively studied. We compared six parameters (total sperm count, motility rate, sperm motile efficiency (SME) both before and after washing) in pregnant and non-pregnant cycles. SME of washed sperm was significantly higher in the pregnant than in the non-pregnant cycles (241.0 +/- 68.0 vs. 169.5 +/- 80.0). There were no differences in other five parameters between pregnant and non pregnant cycles. SME, the parameter of sperm motility characteristics, of washed sperm is closely related to the outcome of AIH for male infertility. Sperm motility characteristics after washing may be one of the important indexes of the result of AIH for male infertility.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Where does a man stand on issues of assisted reproduction, surrogacy, artificial insemination within lesbian relationships and posthumous conception?

This article takes issues more commonly associated with women: assisted reproduction, surrogacy, artificial insemination within lesbian relationships and posthumous conception and considers what role a man may play in this domain. To this end the article commences with a short scenario of possible life events then traverses the current legal position to examine the extent that the law either facilitates or frustrates a man's desire and ability to fulfill the role of either father or parent in the above situations. The article considers the issues of assisted reproduction technology in both a regulated and an unregulated environment.

Australia↗
PubMed2000

Birth of Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) cubs after transvaginal artificial insemination.

A captive 9-yr-old female Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) at the Lisbon Zoo was treated with equine chorionic gonadotropin followed 80 hr later by human chorionic gonadotropin to stimulate follicular development and ovulation, respectively. Forty-one hours after the second hormone administration, the tiger was subjected to transvaginal artificial insemination with diluted fresh semen containing 500 x 10(6) motile spermatozoa obtained from an 8-yr-old male Siberian tiger via electroejaculation. After anesthesia, the female tiger was placed in an inclined position with the hind limbs elevated during and after the insemination and was maintained in this position for 15 min to minimize semen reflux. An anesthetic reversal agent was then administered. After a 103-day gestation, the female gave birth to three apparently healthy cubs that survived 24-48 hr. These results demonstrate that transvaginal artificial insemination can be successfully performed in the Siberian tiger to produce full-term offspring.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Influence of supplemental dietary sprouted wheat on reproduction in artificially inseminated doe rabbits.

The sprouted wheat contains great amounts of 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone (6-MBOA) a phenol compound that stimulates reproduction in certain small wild herbivorous mammals. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of dietary sprouted wheat as supplement on reproduction in artificially inseminated doe rabbits. Two-month-old New Zealand White doe rabbits (n = 48) were randomly allocated to one of two treatments: (1) pelleted diet plus sprouted wheat for 6 consecutive days prior to service, (2) pelleted diet only (control). First insemination occurred when does reach 3200g body weight and bred 6 days after parturition across 6 months period during summer and autumn. Records from 41 does completing the experiment accounted for 192 inseminations and 142 kindlings equivalent to 4.6 +/- 0.15 and 3.5 +/- 0.15 litters per doe, respectively. Mean daily intake of sprouted wheat on wet and dry matter bases were 196.1 +/- 7.5 and 75.4 +/- 2.9g, respectively. The number of young born produced per doe during the trail was significantly (P = 0.02) greater in does fed sprouted wheat (28.1 +/- 1.2 versus 23.6 +/ -1.3 control). Does fed sprouted wheat had 0.65 +/- 0.06 receptivity rate at AI over 28 per cent greater (P = 0.001) than does in the control treatment. Sexual receptivity was not influenced by physiological status of does and season (P > 0.05). Diet and season had no effect (P>0.05) on kindling rate. However, physiological status had an effect (P = 0.002) on this variable. Kindling rates for nulliparous, lactating and non-lactating does were 0.95 +/- 0.08, 0.63 +/- 0.04 and 0.78 +/ -0.11, respectively. Sexually receptive does had a greater (P = 0.0001) kindling rate (0.95 +/- 0.05) than non-receptive females (0.63 +/-0.05). Does fed sprouted wheat produced larger (P = 0.02) litters than those in the control group: 7.7 +/- 0.30 and 6.8 +/- 0.32, respectively. There was an effect of season (P = 0.04) on the size of the litter at birth. Largest litters were born during autumn (7.9 +/- 0.37) than during summer (6.6 +/- 0.41). Receptive does had more (P = 0.002) young in the litter (7.9 +/- 0.28) than non-receptive (6.6 +/- 0.35). Feeding sprouted wheat as a source of biological 6-MBOA enhanced sexual receptivity and prolificacy in artificially inseminated doe rabbits bred in summer and autumn.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Effects of different artificial insemination techniques and sperm doses on fertility of normal mares and mares with abnormal reproductive history.

The effects of different artificial insemination (AI) techniques and sperm doses on pregnancy rates of normal Hanoverian breed mares and mares with a history of barrenness or pregnancy failure using fresh or frozen-thawed sperm were investigated. The material included 187 normal mares (148 foaling and 39 young maiden mares) and 85 problem mares with abnormal reproductive history. Mares were randomly allotted into groups with respect to AI technique (routine AI into the uterine body, transrectally controlled deep intracornual AI ipsilateral to the preovulatory follicle, or hysteroscopic AI onto the uterotubal junction ipsilateral to the preovulatory follicle), storage method of semen (fresh, frozen-thawed), AI volume (0.5, 2, 12 ml), and sperm dose (50 x 10(6) or 300 x 10(6) progressively motile sperm (pms) for fresh semen and 100 or 800 x 10(6) frozen-thawed sperm with >35% post-thaw motility). The mares were inseminated once per cycle, 24 h after hCG administration when fresh semen was used, or 30 h for frozen-thawed semen. Differences in pregnancy rates between treatment groups were analyzed by Chi-squared test, and for most relevant factors (insemination technique, mare, semen, and stallion) expectation values and confidence intervals were calculated using multivariate logistic models. Neither insemination technique, volume, sperm dose, nor mare or stallion had significant effects (P > 0.05) on fertility. Type of semen, breeding mares during foal heat, and an interaction between insemination technique, semen parameters, and mares did have significant effects (P < 0.05). In problem mares, frozen semen AI yielded significantly lower pregnancy rates than fresh semen AI (16/43, 37.2% versus 25/42, 59.5%), but this was not the case in normal mares. In normal mares, hysteroscopic AI with fresh semen gave significantly (P < 0.05) better pregnancy rates than uterine body AI (27/38, 71% versus 18/38, 47.3%), whereas in problem mares this resulted in significantly lower pregnancy rates than uterine body AI (5/15, 33.3% versus 16/19, 84.2%). Our results demonstrate that for problem mares, conventional insemination into the uterine body appears to be superior to hysteroscopic insemination and in normal mares, the highest pregnancy rates can be expected by hysteroscopic insemination.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Differences in the attitudes of couples whose children were conceived through artificial insemination by donor in 1980 and in 1996.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the attitudes of couples whose children were conceived through artificial insemination by donor (AID) in 1980 and in 1996. DESIGN: Replication study. SETTING: Infertility clinic of the Utrecht university hospital. PATIENT(S): Couples who conceived a child through AID in 1980 (n = 134) or in 1996 (n = 110). INTERVENTION(S): Anonymous questionnaires. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Answers to questionnaires. RESULT(S): Couples who conceive a child through AID still strongly prefer (84%) absolute anonymity of the donor. In both 1980 and 1996, most couples (approximately 80%) decided not to inform their child about the nature of his or her conception. In 1996, couples who considered informing their child hesitated significantly less and showed significantly more openness toward others. In addition, more couples wanted unidentifiable data about the donor and considered it more important to use the same donor for a subsequent child. CONCLUSION(S): Between 1980 and 1996, the number of couples who conceived a child through AID and adhered to absolute anonymity of the donor and secrecy toward the child remained the same, whereas their openness toward others and desire for unidentifiable data about the donor increased.

Attitude↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plasma levels of cortisol and oxytocin, and uterine activity after cervical artificial insemination in the ewe.

The objective was to compare in the ewe the effects of easy and difficult procedures for artificial insemination (AI) (as related to rapid or poor accessibility of the cervix, respectively) on plasma cortisol (CORT) and oxytocin (OT), and uterine motility. All AI were simulated using a catheter empty of semen to study genital and environmental stimuli only. In experiment 1, 40 ewes were sampled after Al, and whether it was an easy or difficult procedure was reported for each animal. While CORT concentrations rose to a similar amount in all ewes, whatever the Al procedure, a significant OT response occurred after a difficult procedure only (n = 18) (17.4 +/- 1.7 versus 12.7 +/- 0.7 pg x mL(-1) before Al, p < 0.05). In experiment 2, uterine activity was monitored in 4 ewes using an implantable telemetric transmitter equipped with an intrauterine pressure catheter. An increased uterine activity occurred during 2 +/- 1 min after an easy Al (n = 5), whereas the evoked activity lasted for 15 +/- 4 min after a difficult Al (p < 0.001, n = 7). A similar long-lasting response occurred after OT administration (100 mIU, i.v.). We concluded that the increase in uterine motility after a difficult Al resulted from a reflex release of OT, and not to a "stress" effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Cumulative conception rate following intrauterine artificial insemination with husband's spermatozoa: influence of husband's age.

This paper presents the analysis of 901 cycles of intrauterine artificial insemination with the husband's spermatozoa (AIHIU) in 274 couples who obtained 80 pregnancies. The cumulative pregnancy rate after three cycles of AIHIU was 22% and reached 39% after six cycles. Univariate analysis disclosed two factors of poor prognosis: duration of infertility > 3 years (P = 0.01) and husband's age (P = 0.03). Multivariate analysis revealed that the most significant factor contributing to a decreased likelihood of pregnancy was the age of the husband (P = 0.01), then duration of infertility and dysovulation. The wife's age > or = 35 years did not appear to be of poor prognostic value when taking into consideration the three other factors.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[The Dutch law on artificial-insemination donor data: content and consequences].

In 2004, a law was introduced in the Netherlands that gives children conceived by artificial insemination with donor semen (AID), oocytes or embryos the right to learn the identity of the donor when they are 16. The permanently anonymous semen donor will now be replaced by donors that are anonymous at the time of insemination, but traceable later. During the period preceding and immediately following the enactment of the law, the number of semen donors and semen banks dropped drastically and there was a change in the type of donor. The law, furthermore, creates several new moral and psychological dilemmas for both parents and AID-offspring. For parents, for example: should I tell my child that he was conceived by AID, knowing that he may become acquainted with the donor, with all the consequences that may entail? And for AID-offspring, if they have been told that they were conceived by AID: do I really wish to meet the donor? It must still be shown whether AID-offspring will feel a need for contact with the donor, and whether such contact is satisfying.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Fertility of N'dama and Bunaji cattle to artificial insemination following oestrus synchronization with PRID and PGF2alpha in the hot humid zone of Nigeria.

A study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2alpha) in synchronizing oestrus in N'dama and Bunaji cows and heifers and the fertility following artificial insemination at the synchronized oestrus. A total of 116 cows and heifers (58 N'dama and 58 Bunaji) were used in two separate trials. In the first trial, oestrus was synchronized using a PRID, which was inserted for 12 days; in the second trial, oestrus was synchronized by giving two injections of PGF2alpha 13 days apart. Only animals that did not respond to the first injection were given the second injection. At the end of each treatment period, the animals were observed for oestrus for 7 days and inseminated approximately 12 h following detection of oestrus. Standing to be mounted was the single criterion used to judge an animal to have been in oestrus. PGF2alpha and PRID were both effective in synchronizing oestrus in N'dama and Bunaji cows and heifers. The respective oestrus response rates, pregnancy rate and conception rates for PRID and PGF2alpha were 85.7%, 53.6% and 62.5% for PRID, and 91.7%, 68.3% and 74.6% for PGF2alpha. N'dama cattle showed significantly (p<0.05) better oestrus response rate, pregnancy rate and conception rate than Bunaji cattle following both PRID and PGF2alpha treatments. The pregnancy rate and conception rate following PGF2alpha treatment were better (p < 0.05) than for PRID, although the oestrus response rate did not differ. It is concluded that both PRID and PGF2alpha are effective in synchronizing oestrus in N'dama and Bunaji cattle in the hot humid zone of Nigeria and the fertility to artificial insemination at the synchronized oestrus was normal and acceptable. Thus, PRID and PGF2alpha can effectively be used in intensive breeding programmes for the rapid multiplication and distribution of both cattle breeds, especially the N'dama, which is a unique and beneficial animal genetic resource for the tsetse infested hot humid zone of Nigeria.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1978

Pregnancy in the domestic cat after artificial insemination with previously frozen spermatozoa.

Methods for collection, freeze preservation and artificial insemination of domestic cat semen were developed. Total sperm count and pre-freeze and post-thaw percent motility were significantly greater (P is less than 0.05) for samples collected by an artificial vagina method than for those collected by electroejaculation. Although conception rate was low (10.6%), 6 pregnancies were achieved, 2 after hormonal induction of oestrus.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Stability of genetic evaluations for active artificial insemination bulls.

Genetic evaluations for milk, fat, and protein from 1995 through August 2003 for 17,987 Holstein bulls in active artificial insemination (AI) service were examined for changes to the November 2003 evaluation. Evaluations for active AI bulls at each of 31 evaluation dates showed mean declines to November 2003. No evidence was seen of a worsening situation over time. Bulls' early evaluations with active AI status showed much larger declines, but this overevaluation diminished and essentially disappeared after 3 yr. The bulls with first active AI evaluations since 1995 were the primary focus of the study. The influx of second-crop daughters did not appear to cause a decline in evaluations for these bulls, attesting to the successful modification to the genetic evaluation system by expanding the genetic variance of short records. Mean declines and the variation of those differences were generally similar by bull sampling organization. A change from active to inactive AI status was generally concurrent with a decline in predicted transmitting ability (PTA). Bulls coded as having standard AI sampling declined less than bulls coded as having other sampling, but the differences were much less than in previous reports. Larger increases in reliability were generally associated with greater declines in PTA, and the magnitude of these changes decreased over time (increasing evaluation number). Change in reliability underpredicted the variance of change in PTA, indicating that other important factors contribute or that the assumptions for the calculation of the expected change in PTA are not met. Declines in estimated merit over time are not sufficient to alter present genetic selection programs, but reasons for the declines continue to elude explanation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Sperm storage and transport following natural mating and artificial insemination.

Recent observations in turkey and chicken hens show that sperm storage in both species is a highly inefficient process. After artificial insemination (AI), less than 1% of spermatozoa inseminated are selected for transport to and enter the sperm storage tubules (SST). It has been shown that the sperm selection process is orchestrated within the vagina and not at the level of the SST. At least two mechanisms are involved in the selection of spermatozoa fit for sperm storage, one being mechanical (motility) and the other biochemical in nature (sperm-vaginal mucosa interactions). Furthermore, it was also observed that the sperm storage efficiency in the chicken is dependent upon the logarithm of the number of spermatozoa inseminated. From a practical standpoint, inseminations performed frequently with a moderate number of spermatozoa should be more efficient than inseminations performed with higher doses at longer intervals. Maximal filling of the SST of hens in egg production requires only 1 day for the chicken and 2 days for the turkey. By contrast, the release of sperm from the SST is about seven times faster in the chicken than the turkey hen. The efficiency of oviducal sperm storage is related to a number of factors including age of the hen, stage of the ovulatory cycle when inseminated, and, in the turkey, if the hen was inseminated before or after the onset of egg production. Two different categories should be considered among factors that affect sperm survival in vivo. 1) Factors affecting sperm storage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Artificial insemination with donor sperm. A model for the study of human reproduction].

From the experience of the CECOS French Federation concerning artificial insemination with the donor's semen (AID), a certain number of facts about the natural fecundation of couples can be deduced. The study of healthy donors constitutes and interesting biological observatory as regards the norms of the semen characteristics, the epidemiology of sexually transmissible diseases, the epidemiology of genetic abnormalities. The study of the AID results indicates that the best day for fecundation ranges between D - 3 and D + 1 (D0 being the last lowest point on the temperature curve), the rate of success varies according to the quality of the cervical mucus, the age of the woman, the length of treatment, but also to the quality of the semen (numeration, mobility, teratospermia). These results vary also in inverse ratio to the quality of the husband's semen, thus showing that the sterility problem is well a problem of the couple.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Analysis of the feasibility of storing human semen for future artificial insemination.

Patients about to undergo vasectomy, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, pelvic radiotherapy or chemotherapy frequently wish to store semen for future artificial insemination. The probability that this will result in a pregnancy is approximately 33% and the logistics are complicated. These problems are discussed and a cost analysis is presented. A list of semen banks presently storing homologous human semen and registered with the American Association of Tissue Banks also is presented.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1994

Methods to increase the success rate of artificial insemination with donor semen.

Donor insemination was performed in two fertility clinics using cryopreserved semen from the same sperm bank. Donors were selected in agreement with American Fertility Society recommendations. In the first clinic, cup insemination was combined with intra-uterine insemination in 321 cycles. Follicular development was closely monitored with vaginal echography and serum hormonal measurements. In the second clinic, 1287 insemination cycles were performed using intra-cervical insemination, timed only on basal body temperature. In the first clinic, a total of 53 pregnancies were obtained, of which seven were in 55 unstimulated cycles (12.5%), 21 in 159 cycles with clomiphene citrate stimulation (13.1%, P > 0.1), and 25 in 107 cycles stimulated with clomiphene plus human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) (23.9%, P < 0.03). No multiple pregnancies were observed in the latter group. In the second clinic, 159 pregnancies occurred during 1287 insemination cycles (12.4%). It is concluded that neither intra-uterine insemination, nor hormonal and echographic cycle monitoring, nor clomiphene citrate enhances the success rate of artificial insemination with donor semen, but HMG treatment probably exerts a favourable effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Influence of the number of days spent training in an abattoir with access to live cows on the efficiency of do-it-yourself artificial insemination.

Data relating to 35,389 inseminations carried out in the first three years after inseminators were trained were collected by postal questionnaire from 94 do-it-yourself (DIY) artificial inseminators in the UK. The mean calving rate from 14,528 inseminations they carried out on 92 farms in the first year after they were trained was 59.4 per cent (range 5 to 92 per cent). In the second year the mean calving rate from 11,515 inseminations by 64 inseminators was 62.3 per cent (range 33 to 88 per cent), and in the third year the mean calving rate from 9346 inseminations by 49 inseminators was 64.6 per cent (range 41 to 92 per cent). There was an increase of 5.2 per cent in the mean calving rate over the three years with an overall mean calving rate of 61.5 per cent. Each trainee carried out an average of 376 inseminations (range 20 to 800) during the three years. Thirteen instructors were responsible for the tuition and the average time the trainees spent in an abattoir with access to live cows was 2.88 days, with a range from none to five days. For the trainees who spent up to three days training in an abattoir there was an increase of 5.9 per cent in the calving rate they achieved in their first year for every day they spent training with access to live cows (P < 0.005), but there were no significant effects on the outcome of their inseminations in their second or third years.

Abattoirs↗