Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Helping Behavior”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,369 records · Page 76Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Starting a peer counseling program in the high school.

Peer counseling has become more prevalent in high schools and junior high schools across the country. When reviewing the various programs, it was discovered that they fall into two general categories based on the program's purpose and group composition. The two basic models can be described as students trained to help troubled students in their school (open), and troubled students trained to help themselves (closed). The terms open and closed were chosen to distinguish the two models because these terms describe whether or not the group's focus and objectives are closed or open to students outside the group. The purpose of this article is to give a practical, working description of the open model as implemented in a large, suburban high school.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of access to care and medical and behavioral outcomes in a school-based intervention program for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The Project for Attention-Related Disorders (PARD), instituted by the San Diego (Calif.) School District. represents a unique approach to identification, referral, and management of children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. As a school-based program, PARD coordinates medical, psychosocial, behavioral, and educational interventions for each child, and provides resources for school personnel caring for children with ADHD. Three years after instituting PARD, about 60% to 70% of the children showed improvement after enrollment, evaluation, and treatment. Parental involvement in and acceptance of intervention for their children represented a significant follow-up problem. Both medical and nonmedical interventions such as counseling, special programs, and behavior modification helped improve the educational life of these children.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1995

A statewide institute to deliver professional development programs to school health personnel in Massachusetts.

Schoolchildren suffer from health problems ranging from chronic medical and developmental problems to new morbidities related to drugs, violence, and sexual behavior. To help administrators, teachers, and health personnel meet the new challenges in schools, nursing educators from the University of Massachusetts and Simmons College developed the UMass-Simmons School Health Institute. The Institute delivers a series of professional development programs in all regions of the commonwealth to: 1) devise innovative strategies to remove health barriers to learning and to promote the health of children and adolescents, and 2) enhance the design, implementation, integration, and management of comprehensive school health programs, including those mandated and regulated by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. This article describes a statewide model to prepare school health personnel for delivery of comprehensive school health services.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Adolescent homosexuality and concerns regarding disclosure.

Development of sexual identity in middle childhood and early adolescence is a natural process. However, it is more stressful for homosexual adolescents. Society continues to stigmatize and marginalize homosexuality. To avoid rejection and hostility, homosexual adolescents are pressured to hide their sexual identities. This fact compounds the anticipated normal developmental concerns of adolescence, and can create unique problems for the homosexual adolescents. Homosexuality can place them at risk for social stigmatization, isolation, depression, suicide, abuse, and rejection by their families and friends. During this exceptionally stressful time, both adolescent students and their families need anticipatory guidance and support. In providing anticipatory guidance, this article discusses critical roles played by professionals who work with adolescents in community or school settings. Included are insights into development of this normal variant of sexual attraction and orientation, risks that homosexual adolescent students may face as well as their disclosure concerns, and possible reactions families may have following disclosure. Supporting homosexual adolescents and their families is emphasized with regard to sensitively providing information, disclosure decisions, coping with stigmatization, and resiliency factors.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Directive and nondirective spousal support: differential effects?

In this study we investigated whether the following factors influenced married partners' reactions to spousal support: type of support (directive vs. nondirective); individual differences (gender, depressive symptoms); and dimension along which support was evaluated (level of helpfulness vs. valence of emotional impact). Nondirective support was consistently rated more favorably on the dimension of partner's impact than on the dimension of partner's helpfulness, and this effect was exaggerated for those self-reporting a high level of depressive symptoms. Nonetheless, directive support was provided more frequently than was nondirective support in this sample. Gender differences and complications introduced by partner dysphoria suggest some situations in which directive support may be particularly difficult to provide effectively. Implications for couple therapy are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dialysis--a family matter. A personal tribute to the relatives of kidney patients.

The patient and his or her treatment is the main focus of the multidisciplinary team in the Renal Unit, yet the most important part of the patient's life is that spent at home, outside the hospital. It is important to recognise the contribution to care of the patient's family, especially the spouse. It is also important to understand the carer's needs. Carers experience many of the stresses associated with End Stage Renal Failure, while being relatively unsupported and unappreciated by hospital staff. This paper focuses on the need for imagination and understanding of the carer's predicament, and suggests ways in which carer's needs can be met.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1975

Family reaction to homicide.

This pilot study identifies a two-phased syndrome experienced by families of homicide victims. The crisis phase consists of an acute grief process, including immediate reactions to the homicide, the funeral details, and police investigations. The long-term reorganization phase includes the psychological issues of bereavement and the socio-legal issues of the criminal justice process.

Aggression↗
PubMed1977

Family therapy in the black community.

Black, upwardly mobile families face all the stresses experienced by other families dealing with developmental crises and economic changes, but are subject to the additional strain of discrimination. Support, often unavailable from the community, is received instead from the family and others involved in the kinship network. Treatment strategies designed for the unique situation of the black family are proposed.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1988

Exploring the helping relationship between the schizophrenic client and rehabilitation therapist.

This paper argues that the enhanced efficacy of current rehabilitation strategies compared to insight-oriented therapies for schizophrenic clients cannot be understood in terms of differences in technique alone. Rather, the relationship that develops between rehabilitation therapist and schizophrenic client may represent a potent therapeutic ingredient warranting further study. The concept of therapeutic alliance is examined as a means toward understanding the mechanisms underlying successful rehabilitation.

Helping Behavior↗
PubMed1988

Psychological therapy as viewed by clients and therapists.

Results are presented from a study in which 40 therapist-client pairs were asked to record, after each session of psychological therapy, their views concerning the helpful and unhelpful events which took place. On termination they were asked to describe their views of the helpful and unhelpful events in retrospect, and to report on outcome. A total of 1076 events was collected from 399 therapy sessions, and was content analysed using Elliott's Therapeutic Impact Content Analysis System. Results showed that during therapy the types of event most frequently reported by clients were reassurance/relief and problem solution events, whereas therapists reported the clients' gaining of cognitive and affective insight. After termination, both participants reported the importance to the client of personal contact. Many of the differences between the two perspectives were highly significant, although more differences were found when outcome was poor. It is suggested that different aspects of the therapeutic process have a different degree of salience for therapists and clients, in that clients are most interested in gaining a solution to their problems and feeling better, whereas therapists are more concerned with the aetiology of the problem and its transformation through insight. The implications of these differences are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Perceived controllability of life-events and willingness to prescribe psychotropic drugs.

To test an attributional model of psychotropic drug prescription, medical students rated the controllability of life-events along with prescription probability. As predicted, students were more willing to prescribe for more uncontrollable events. This relationship could not be explained by differences in the amount of readjustment required by events.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Moral balance: the effect of prior behaviour on decision in moral conflict.

Two studies examined predictions from the 'moral balance' model, according to which moral decisions are affected by evaluation of the actor's moral status based on his/her recent moral history. It was found that people are more willing to allow a deviation to, and believe that this should generate less guilt in, a person who generally behaves morally than in one who generally behaves immorally. It was also found that an unworthy act by a person (self or other) who has recently behaved morally is evaluated less severely than the same act performed by one who has recently behaved immorally. This trend for normative judgements is contrary to that found for descriptive judgements: a person who has recently behaved immorally is perceived as more likely to choose to act improperly and to feel less guilty. This discrepancy between normative and descriptive judgements is analysed in terms of the distinction between attributions to trait as opposed to effort, to trait as opposed to situation, and between those made from the perspective of actors as opposed to observers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The effects upon helping behaviour of wearing pro-gay identification.

Shoppers were approached either by an ostensibly pro-gay person, wearing a tee-shirt bearing a pro-gay slogan, or by a person wearing an unmarked tee-shirt, asking for change of a pound. Help was less likely to be given to the ostensibly pro-gay person. This effect was not attenuated when the request was justified by a socially acceptable reason for needing change (although, overall, help was more likely to be given when requests were so justified). There were no effects of the sex of the subject or the sex of the person asking for change; nor were there any interactions involving those variables. The results suggest that the negative attitudes towards homosexuals reported in other studies have clear behavioural correlates and that 'homophobia' may be widespread in the general population.

Attitude↗
PubMed1991

Empathy, effectiveness and donations to charity: social psychology's contribution.

Charity organizations often use mailed requests to solicit donations from the public. This is not an efficient way to raise large amounts of money. The challenge addressed in this study was to use social psychology's knowledge of helping processes to make mailed requests more effective. Two constructs were identified as possibly useful: empathy and perceived effectiveness of helping. These were manipulated in a field experiment in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design (two levels of empathy, two of need extent, and two of need persistence--the last two factors operationalized perceived effectiveness). Letter soliciting donations to a well-known charity were mailed to a random sample of 2648 people in Perth, Western Australia. Manipulations of the three variables were embedded in the letters. The two effectiveness manipulations produced significant main effects, whereas the empathy manipulation was ineffective. We argue that social psychology's knowledge of helping processes is too confined to narrow, theoretical, laboratory-based phenomena to be directly and immediately applicable to the practices of charities.

Charities↗
PubMed1998

Video game playing and its relations with aggressive and prosocial behaviour.

In this study of 278 children from the seventh and eighth grade of five elementary schools in Enschede, The Netherlands, the relationship between the amount of time children spent on playing video games and aggressive as well as prosocial behaviour was investigated. In addition, the relationship between the preference for aggressive video games and aggressive and prosocial behaviour was studied. No significant relationship was found between video game use in general and aggressive behaviour, but a significant negative relationship with prosocial behaviour was supported. However, separate analyses for boys and girls did not reveal this relationship. More consistent results were found for the preference for aggressive video games: children, especially boys, who preferred aggressive video games were more aggressive and showed less prosocial behaviour than those with a low preference for these games. Further analyses showed that children who preferred playing aggressive video games tended to be less intelligent.

Adolescent↗