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At least 1,369 records · Page 76Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Skin color of Koreans: statistical evaluation of affecting factors.

BACKGROUND: The L*a*b* three-dimensional coordinate system is the most popular system used to measure skin color. The purpose of this study was to collect standard quantified data on Korean skin color using a chromameter CR-300, and to investigate the relationships among skin color and the general and individual factors that affect it. METHODS: The 600 subjects used in this study were selected using a three-stage proportionate stratified and quota sampling method. We examined the color of 12 body parts of each subject and calculated the E* value (total color difference between two objects). This study also analyzed factors that may affect skin color. RESULTS: The average L*a*b* values for the 12 body parts were 61.7462, 9.5618 and 17.0778, respectively. The site of lightest skin was the medial arm (L=63.9249), whereas the darkest was on the forehead (L=58.0044). Redness was highest on the cheek (a=11.8694) and lowest on the medial arm (a=8.1844). Skin color was lighter and more yellow in females than in males, whereas redness was higher in males. In the case of total color difference between two specific sites, the medial upper arm and forearm were the most similar (E=3.23), and the forehead and medial upper arm were the most different in color (E=7.99). CONCLUSION: The factors that significantly (P<0.01) influenced L* were sex, work place and sunbathing, factors that influenced a* were sex, work place and smoking; and the factors that influenced b* were sunbathing and age.

Asian People↗
PubMed1991

Trigeminal trophic syndrome--a report of three patients.

Three Japanese patients with trigeminal trophic syndrome, a rare dermatosis in Japan, were reported. Cutaneous lesions were a long-standing ulcer and destruction of the right ala nasi in case 1, a persistent deep ulceration on the forehead after a small trauma in case 2, and development of small, discrete ulcers on the right forehead during the treatment of a postherpetic neuralgia in case 3. A protective device was very effective in one patient.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Vitiligo coexistent with nevus depigmentosus.

A 45-year-old Korean man had two distinct types of hypopigmented lesions on the forehead and back: vitiligo and nevus depigmentosus (ND). The hypopigmented macules on the forehead were incidentally discovered 15 days previously and responded well to steroid therapy. The hypopigmented macule on the back had been present since birth, was stable in size, and showed no response to steroid therapy. There were no remarkable differences between the two lesions in routine histopathology or Fontana-Masson staining. However, the lesion on the back was shown to contain melanocytes in electron microscopy (EM).

Humans↗
PubMed2005

The desaturation response time of finger pulse oximeters during mild hypothermia.

Pulse oximeters may delay displaying the correct oxygen saturation during the onset of hypoxia. We investigated the desaturation response times of pulse oximeter sensors (forehead, ear and finger) during vasoconstriction due to mild hypothermia and vasodilation caused by glyceryl trinitrate. Ten healthy male volunteers were given three hypoxic challenges of 3 min duration under differing experimental conditions. Mild hypothermia increased the mean response time of finger oximeters from 130 to 215 s. Glyceryl trinitrate partly offset this effect by reducing the response time from 215 to 187 s. In contrast, the response times of the forehead and ear oximeters were unaffected by mild hypothermia, but the difference between head and finger oximeters was highly significant (p < 0.0001). The results suggest that the head oximeters provide a better monitoring site for pulse oximeters during mild hypothermia.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Circulatory effects of the PDE-inhibitors piroximone and enoximone.

1. The isolated circulatory response to intravenous application of the phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors piroximone and enoximone was studied. 2. In a randomized sequence of 30 male patients undergoing elective aortocoronary bypass grafting either piroximone (0.5 mg kg(-1); n = 10) or enoximone (0.5 mg kg(-1); n = 10) were given during steady state of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). A group in which NaCl was given as a placebo served as a control (n = 10). 3. MAP was reduced by piroximone (maximum -23 mm Hg) and enoximone (maximum -18 mm Hg), whereas it increased in the control (+20 mm Hg). Volume of the extracorporeal circuit indicating venous pooling decreased more pronouncedly in the enoximone patients (-440 ml) than in the piroximone group (-300 ml). 4. Laser Doppler flows (LDFs) increased in both PDE-III inhibitor groups with the higher and longer increase in the enoximone-treated patients (LDF-forehead maximum +44%, LDF-forearm maximum +33%). Piroximone-induced increase in both LDFs was less pronounced with respect to both time and degree (LDF-forehead maximum +30%, LDF-forearm +12%). 5. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was significantly higher in the PDE-III inhibitor-treated than in the control patients. 6. Piroximone and enoximone showed significant vasodilatory properties at the arterial and venous side (= 'venous pooling'), from which patients with heart failure would profit. 7. Vasodilation could be observed for a longer period and was more pronounced in the enoximone-treated than in the piroximone patients. Alterations in capillary skin blood flow measured by laser Doppler technique gave evidence for an improvement in nutritive microcirculation, which was slightly more pronounced in the enoximone patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Sebaceous lipogenesis in human skin. Variability with age and with severity of acne.

Lipogenesis from [14C] glucose was measured in skin biopsies from the shoulder-blade region of forty-two male subjects. In the acne age range, dermal lipogenesis showed an upward trend with increasing severity of acne; a similar trend was found in forehead sebum excretion rate, but no correlation was obvious between dermal lipogenesis (back) and sebum secretion rate (forehead) in the same subject. In older subjects, dermal lipogenesis was significantly increased in those with a past history of severe acne. At high rates of dermal lipogenesis there was a small but significant increase in wax ester labelling relative to triglyceride and squalene. No increase was found in squalene labelling relative to other lipids, either with increasing lipogenic rate or in severe acne. Dermal and epidermal lipogenesis rates showed no correlation with age. In dermis, however, there was a decrease in wax ester labelling relative to triglyceride, and a marked decrease in squalene labelling relative to both triglyceride and wax esters, with increasing age.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1991

The influence of cutaneous factors on the transcutaneous pO2 and pCO2 at various body sites.

The transcutaneous partial pressures of oxygen (tcpO2) and carbon dioxide (tcpCO2) were measured at eight different sites in 10 adult male subjects with an electrode at a temperature of 44 degrees C. The mean tcpO2 values (mmHg) were significantly lower on the face (forehead 26.6, cheek 29.6) and the palm (26.4) than at other sites (60.6-69.6). The tcpCO2 values (mmHg) were only slightly higher on the face. Removal of the stratum corneum produced an average increase of the tcpO2 on the palm of 37.6 mmHg and on the forehead of 19.6 mmHg. However, in 10 children with an age range of 3-9 years, the difference in the mean pO2 between the cheek and forearm was very small. There was no significant difference in the cutaneous blood flow at 44 degrees C between the cheek, palm and forearm.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The carriage of Malassezia furfur serovars A, B and C in patients with pityriasis versicolor, seborrhoeic dermatitis and controls.

The aetiological role of Malassezia furfur in various dermatoses is controversial. The role of the three serovars of M. furfur in Malassezia-associated diseases has not been investigated. This study measured population densities of M. furfur serovars A, B and C, propionibacteria and Micrococcaceae on the chest, back, forehead, left and right cheeks of 10 patients with pityriasis versicolor, and 10 age- and sex-matched controls; and 10 patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis, and 10 age- and sex-matched controls. The population densities of M. furfur, propionibacteria and Micrococcaceae did not vary at a given site between patients and the corresponding control subjects. Malassezia furfur serovar A was found to be the predominant isolate on the chest and back of all four groups, but there was no difference in the distribution of serovars on the forehead and cheeks. No serovar was specifically associated with lesional skin in either disease. Thus, this data indicated that there was no difference in either the total population density of M. furfur or the distribution of serovars on lesional skin compared with control skin in either pityriasis versicolor or seborrhoeic dermatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Stratum corneum adhesive tape stripping: influence of anatomical site, application pressure, duration and removal.

BACKGROUND: Tape stripping is a common method for investigating stratum corneum (SC) physiology as well as bioavailability and bioequivalence of topical drugs. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the influence of procedures (anatomical site, pressure, pressure duration, tape removal rate) inherent in each stripping protocol on changes in skin physiology. METHODS: Tape stripping was performed using tapes on the forearm, forehead and back. On the forearm different pressures (165 and 330 g cm(-2)), durations of pressure (2 and 10 s), and removal rate (slow and rapid removal) were used. Changes in skin physiology were evaluated by measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and hydration. RESULTS: A significant influence of all parameters on the TEWL increase as a function of tape strip number was observed. The fastest increase was demonstrated on the forehead, followed by the back and, lastly, the forearm. Rapid removal produced a protracted increase in comparison with slow removal. Pressure for 10 s induced a faster increase in TEWL than 2 s pressure. Likewise, pressure at 330 g cm(-2) induced an earlier increase than pressure at 165 g cm(-2). Skin hydration was not influenced by the variables tested. CONCLUSIONS: Tape stripping results are influenced dramatically by all investigated parameters. A dynamic SC stress test to investigate SC cohesion more closely is proposed based on the present observations.

Adhesives↗
PubMed2005

Functional properties of the stratum corneum in patients with diabetes mellitus: similarities to senile xerosis.

BACKGROUND: Although diabetes mellitus is known to induce many pathophysiological changes in the skin, none of the earlier studies has focused on the state of the stratum corneum (SC) in patients with diabetes. In our previous report on a diabetic mouse model, we described a decreased SC hydration state and abnormalities in the function of the sebaceous gland together with a normally retained barrier function of the SC. OBJECTIVES: To examine the functional changes of the SC in patients with diabetes. METHODS: The following values were measured in 49 patients with diabetes: fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c); skin surface lipid level on the forehead; and high-frequency conductance (HFC) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) of the SC of the volar forearm and extensor surface of the lower leg. These functions of the SC were compared in two pairs of patient groups, i.e. between groups with high and low FPG, and between groups with high and low HbA1c. RESULTS: The HFC levels on the extensor leg and volar forearm were significantly lower in the group with high FPG (FPG > 110 mg dL(-1)) than in the group with low FPG (FPG < 110 mg dL(-1)), although TEWL values were almost the same in these two groups. The skin surface lipids on the forehead were significantly lower in the former than in the latter. The HFC did not differ significantly between the group with high HbA1c (HbA1c > 5.8%) and the group with low HbA1c (HbA1c < 5.8%), whereas the TEWL of the volar forearm was slightly lower in the former than in the latter. CONCLUSIONS: These new results as well as our earlier results with diabetic mice suggest that patients with diabetes mellitus tend to show a reduced hydration state of the SC together with decreased sebaceous gland activity, without any impairment of the SC barrier function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The Miller-Dieker syndrome: a case report and review of the literature.

A case of Miller-Dieker syndrome is reported. A 6-month-old baby girl has the characteristics of the syndrome. Post natal growth deficiency: microcephaly, profound mental retardation. Craniofacial defects: micrognathia, ear abnormalities, anteverted nares, wrinkling of forehead, bitemporal growing of high forehead. Neurological abnormalities: opisthotonos, epilepsy, initial hypotonia. The literature is reviewed.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1980

The delay time of tooth vibration signal recorded at facial skin surface.

The onset of a tooth vibration signal with a mini acceleration pickup attached to the skin on the forehead was delayed by 0.1788 ms on average after the actual tooth impact. When the signal was recorded at the zygomatic arch, the delay time was 0.1008 ms on average, which was significantly shorter than that obtained from the forehead (P less than 0.001). The difference due to a transposition of the vibrated tooth was also smaller (0.025 less than P less than 0.05) and had almost no effect on the intensities of the tooth flipping force. The delay time was even more prolonged when a poor frequency specification pickup and/or low pass filter were applied.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Alopecia areata with lymphocytic mural folliculitis affecting the isthmus in a thoroughbred mare.

A 13-year-old, thoroughbred mare was presented with an 8-year history of multifocal, generalized, noninflammatory alopecia and a 3-month history of alopecia, erythema and scaling of the white star on the forehead and muzzle. Histopathological examination of biopsy samples from multiple sites on the body (mane, neck, shoulder, flank and gluteal region) showed a subtle lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate affecting and surrounding the anagen hair bulbs, consistent with a diagnosis of alopecia areata. The biopsy sample from the star on the forehead showed atrophic hair follicles with perifollicular and mural mononuclear folliculitis affecting the isthmus. Immunohistochemical staining with a CD3 marker confirmed the T-lymphocytic origin of the inflammatory infiltrate in all the samples. The concurrent presence of lymphocytic infiltration at the bulbar and isthmic level of the hair follicles in the same horse is unusual. This finding may represent a variation of the histological appearance of alopecia areata.

Alopecia Areata↗
PubMed2006

Case of multiple myeloma associated with extramedullary cutaneous plasmacytoma and pyoderma gangrenosum.

A variety of cutaneous manifestations has been described in multiple myeloma including extramedullary cutaneous plasmacytomas, cutaneous amyloidosis, pyoderma gangrenosum, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, scleromyxedema, Sweet's syndrome, subcorneal pustular dermatosis, scleredema, and plane xanthomas etc. An 89-year-old Korean man, who had been suffering from multiple myeloma 1 year previous, presented for evaluation of two nodules on the right side of the forehead, left side of the chest (7th rib area), and multiple ulcers with papulopustules on both the thigh and the left side of the chest (2nd rib area) during 15 days, which developed at the same time. A biopsy of a lesion which manifested as a cutaneous nodule on the right side of the forehead revealed dermal infiltration by well-differentiated plasma cells, similar to those found on a bone marrow biopsy, and a biopsy of the lesion manifested as a painful ulceration on the right thigh area showing dermal neutrophilic infiltration. Histologic findings were consistent with plasmacytoma and pyoderma gangrenosum, respectively. We present a case of multiple myeloma which developed extramedullary cutaneous plasmacytoma and pyoderma gangrenosum simultaneously, which is very rare. The patient was treated with a systemic steroid and conservative therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Rapid temporal change in the expression and age-related information content of a sexually selected trait.

The expression of sexual signals is often phenotypically plastic and also evolves rapidly. Few studies have considered the possibility that proximate determination -- the pathway between genes and trait expression -- may also be subject to both phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary change. We examined long-term patterns in size, condition- and age-dependence, repeatability and heritability of forehead patch size, a sexually selected plumage trait in male collared flycatchers. We also estimated survival and sexual selection on the phenotypic value of the trait. Forehead patch size linearly declined during the 15 years, probably due to the significantly negative survival selection. In addition, the expression of genetic variation for the ornament apparently underwent an age-limited change, which implies a change in the information content of the signal to receivers. The persistent lack of condition-dependence makes phenotypic plasticity an unlikely explanation to our results. This raises the possibility of a microevolutionary change of both expression and proximate determination during the study period.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Ribonucleoprotein particles from Xenopus eggs and embryos. Neural-archencephalic-inducing activity of the protein moiety.

Ribonucleoprotein particles were isolated from unfertilized eggs and gastrula stages of Xenopus laevis. The particles from both stages induce in gastrula ectoderm the formation of large foreheads (neural-archencephalic-inducing activity), whereas ribosomal subunits have no inducing activity. The inducing activity of particles from both stages is largely abolished after treatment with proteolytic enzymes and to some extent with ribonuclease. The protein moiety of gastrula ribonucleoprotein particles was extracted with phenol and the protein reduced with 2-mercaptoethanol. The protein induces foreheads, but at a lower rate than the intact particles. The protein was fractionated by high-performance liquid size-exclusion chromatography on a derivatized silica gel with 75% formic acid as eluent. The fraction which includes proteins from 10 000 to 16 000 Da has the highest neural-archencephalic-inducing activity.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence of Malassezia spp. in healthy pigs.

In the present study, we evaluated the occurrence of Malassezia spp. from superficial areas (ear, anus, forehead and back) in 100 healthy pigs. All cultures from anus, forehead and back were negative for Malassezia spp. A total of 73% of pigs were colonized by Malassezia yeasts in the external ear canals. We isolated only lipid-dependent species (Malassezia sympodialis 58%, Malassezia slooffiae 30%). This study evaluates the occurrence of Malassezia spp. in pigs since the taxonomic revision in 1996.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Effect of location of the sensor on reflectance pulse oximetry.

OBJECTIVE: The influence of the location of the sensor on reflectance pulse oximetry during fetal monitoring in labour was investigated using the newborn infant as a model. METHODS: Seven healthy infants were studied between 19 and 48 hours after term delivery. Recordings of reflectance pulse oximetry were obtained from eight different sites on the infant's head. The relative changes in red to infrared light (R/IR) were determined. In pulse oximetry R/IR values are converted to arterial oxygen values by means of an empirically derived calibration curve. RESULTS: Significantly lower R/IR values were found at the forehead compared with the fontanelle, the parietal and occipital position, and the temporal area. Conversion to oxygen saturation values revealed a difference of up to 13.4% in oxygen saturation between the forehead and the occipital area. CONCLUSION: Assuming that the arterial blood oxygen saturation did not change substantially, our findings indicate that in reflectance pulse oximetry there is no unique relation between R/IR and arterial oxygen saturation. The differences in reflectance pulse oximetry at the various sites are explained by differences in optical properties (scattering and absorption) of the tissue underneath the sensor. These will affect the red and infrared light reaching the detectors in a different way, and consequently R/IR changes. Because during intrapartum monitoring exact positioning of the sensor on the fetal head is usually impossible, the accuracy of fetal reflectance pulse oximetry is impaired.

Fetal Monitoring↗