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At least 1,369 records · Page 76Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Comparison of clinical features of rotavirus infection with rotavirus antigen titers in feces obtained during the acute phase].

When fecal specimens obtained from infants with acute gastroenteritis during the acute phase between January 1986 and March 1987 were examined by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), 72 cases were found to have the rotavirus antigen. Such 3 clinical signs as diarrhea (D), fever (F) and vomiting (V) were all observed in 38 cases. These cases showing DFV syndrome demonstrated the highest geometric mean titer of rotavirus antigen among the rotavirus antigen-positive cases. Geometric mean titers (GMTs) were calculated to be as high as more than 10(3.1) in 26 of the 38 DFV cases (68%) and in 11 of 34 cases with DV, DF, FV or D syndromes (32%), showing a significant difference between the 2 groups (p less than 0.005). GTMs were slightly higher in cases having fever of 38 degrees C or more, than in those having fever of less than 38 degrees C.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies for direct serotyping of enteric adenoviruses in feces].

We were prepared three monoclonal antibodies in which the monoclone 12D was type specific for Adenovirus 40 (Ad40), 1F was type specific for Ad41 and 15D was group specific for Ads. For identification of enteric adenoviruses (EAd) in stool specimens, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test using monoclonal antibodies was developed. Results of identification by the ELISA tests using monoclonal antibodies to EAd on 15 fecal samples in which Ad particles were found by electron microscopy showed complete coincidence to those of Sma 1 restriction endonuclease cleavage. From these results, the ELISA tests employing EAds type specific monoclonal antibodies proved to be specific and this was a rapid technique for laboratory diagnosis of EAd in fecal specimens of viral gastroenteritis. Fifty-eight fecal samples with Ad particles positive by EM were serotyped by the ELISA using monoclonal antibodies. Eleven fecal samples were identified as Ad40, 25 as Ad41, 1 as double infection with Ad40 and Ad41, and 4 as non-EAd. These results indicated that Ad41 was more dominant than Ad40 during April, 1986 to January, 1989 in Matsuyama city.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1996

[Relation of sputum and feces and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) detection].

Thirty cases with MRSA in the sputum (carrier state) were studied in relation to fecal MRSA detection. The back ground of the cases (disease, nasogastric tube, tracheostomy, antibiotics, H2-blocker) and typing of MRSA (coagulase type, Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) type), and gastric pH were studied. Almost all of the patients were given antibiotics of the cephem series of the third generation. None of the cases had abdominal operations. Fecal MRSA was positive in 14 cases (47%). H2-receptor antagonists (H2-blocker) was administered to 6 cases, and all cases (100%) had positive fecal MRSA. Eighteen cases had a history of H2-blocker administration and 5 cases had positive fecal MRSA. Duration after stopping the H2-blocker in the 5 cases was shorter than the other 13 cases. (4.5 to 20.8 months). Nasogastric tube had no significant effect in detection of fecal MRSA. And gastric pH was of no significant difference between MRSA positive cases and negative cases. These results suggest that in patient with MRSA in the sputum receiving a H2-blocker may produce MRSA enteritis because of MRSA passage to the stomach.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Comparative distribution of the serotypes of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from the urine of patients with urinary tract infections and the feces of healthy persons as determined by the slide agglutination reaction.

In 1992, we reported a new scheme for identifying 21 distinct serovars of E. faecalis by the bacterial agglutination reaction. In this study we isolated strains of E. faecalis from the urine of patients with urinary tract infections and serotyped. We also serotyped strains of E. faecalis isolated from the faces of healthy persons. The results showed that serovars 2, 7, 1 and 3 were the major serotypes a distribution on strains of E. faecalis isolated from patients. Serovars 2, 1 and 13 were the major serotypes of the fecal strains isolated from healthy persons. Single serovars were typable of all strains of E. faecalis isolated from patients in 80.6% (395/496) and in 62.4% of the fecal strains. Examination of the hemolytic zone around colonies on horse/sheep blood agar plates showed that beta-hemolytic strains on horse blood agar plate isolated from patients had 36.1% for all isolated strains from patients and 8.3% for fecal strains isolated from healthy persons.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1977

Bacteriocin production by strains of Bacteroides isolated from human feces and the role of these strains in the bacterial ecology of the colon.

Several human fecal isolates of Bacteroides have been found to produce bacteriocins. The bacteriocin-producing strain T1-1 was studied in the most detail. Strain T1-1 belongs to the 0061-1 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) homology group of Bacteroides. This homology group phenotypically resembles Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron but has little DNA homology with it. The bacteriocin-producing strains T1-12 and T1-48 belong to the 3452-A DNA homology group. This group has DNA homology with B. thetaiotaomicron and Bacteroides ovatus. The bacteriocin-producing strain T1-42 remains unidentified in that it does not belong to any recognized DNA homology group of the saccharolytic intestinal bacteroides. The extracellular bacteriocin produced by strain T1-1 was specifically bactericidal for other bacteria within the genus Bacteroides. The highest bacteriocin titers (32 to 64) were produced in complex media, with only trace amounts being produced in a defined medium. The bacteriocin appeared to have a high molecular weight (>/=300,000) and was unusual because it was stable from pH 1 to 12 and only a 50% reduction in activity resulted after 15 min at 121 degrees C in an autoclave. It was inactivated by trypsin and Pronase. Strain T1-1 was isolated from all three fecal samples obtained over a 25-week period from an individual who was part of a National Aeronautics and Space Administration mock Skylab flight. Strains T1-12, T1-48, and T1-42 were isolated only from the first fecal sample. Each of these strains was immune to the bacteriocins produced by the others. These strains were found to coexist in the colon with a larger population of non-bacteriocin-producing, bacteriocin-susceptible strains of Bacteroides.

Bacteriocins↗
PubMed1977

Production of an antibiotic by an organism from human feces.

An antibiotic-producing, gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from an individual who often lacked coliforms and fungi in fecal samples. The cell-free antibiotic is 1,200 daltons and Pronase sensitive and was shown to have activity against some coliforms and yeast.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1995

Concentration of pefloxacin in feces during infection prophylaxis in neutropenic patients.

Pefloxacin (400 mg twice daily) was administered orally for infection prophylaxis in neutropenic patients. Diffusible fecal pefloxacin concentration was determined by bioassay during 24 neutropenic periods. The median diffusible fecal pefloxacin concentration was 187 micrograms/g. This concentration was comparable with those found in volunteers following oral and intravenous administration of pefloxacin (400 mg twice daily) (median of 171 and 155 micrograms/g, respectively). From this study, it is concluded that pefloxacin administered orally results in a predictable high diffusible fecal concentration which leads to effective elimination of susceptible aerobic gram-negative bacilli from the colonic flora.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Sources of variation in the ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli concentration in the feces of organic broiler chickens.

Currently, there are limited published data for the population dynamics of antimicrobial-resistant commensal bacteria. This study was designed to evaluate both the proportions of the Escherichia coli populations that are resistant to ampicillin at the level of the individual chicken on commercial broiler farms and the feasibility of obtaining repeated measures of fecal E. coli concentrations. Short-term temporal variation in the concentration of fecal E. coli was investigated, and a preliminary assessment was made of potential factors involved in the shedding of high numbers of ampicillin-resistant E. coli by growing birds in the absence of the use of antimicrobial drugs. Multilevel linear regression modeling revealed that the largest component of random variation in log-transformed fecal E. coli concentrations was seen between sampling occasions for individual birds. The incorporation of fixed effects into the model demonstrated that the older, heavier birds in the study were significantly more likely (P = 0.0003) to shed higher numbers of ampicillin-resistant E. coli. This association between increasing weight and high shedding was not seen for the total fecal E. coli population (P = 0.71). This implies that, in the absence of the administration of antimicrobial drugs, the proportion of fecal E. coli that was resistant to ampicillin increased as the birds grew. This study has shown that it is possible to collect quantitative microbiological data on broiler farms and that such data could make valuable contributions to risk assessments concerning the transfer of resistant bacteria between animal and human populations.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed2006

Isolation of Salmonella enterica and Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157 from feces of animals in public contact areas of United States zoological parks.

The fecal prevalence of subclinical Salmonella enterica and Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157 among animals in human-animal contact exhibits at institutions in the United States accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums was estimated to assess public health risk. The prevalence was less than 0.6% for both zoonotic pathogens among 997 animals sampled at 36 exhibits.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Reduced dietary intake of carbohydrates by obese subjects results in decreased concentrations of butyrate and butyrate-producing bacteria in feces.

Weight loss diets for humans that are based on a high intake of protein but low intake of fermentable carbohydrate may alter microbial activity and bacterial populations in the large intestine and thus impact on gut health. In this study, 19 healthy, obese (body mass index range, 30 to 42) volunteers were given in succession three different diets: maintenance (M) for 3 days (399 g carbohydrate/day) and then high protein/medium (164 g/day) carbohydrate (HPMC) and high protein/low (24 g/day) carbohydrate (HPLC) each for 4 weeks. Stool samples were collected at the end of each dietary regimen. Total fecal short-chain fatty acids were 114 mM, 74 mM, and 56 mM (P < 0.001) for M, HPMC, and HPLC diets, respectively, and there was a disproportionate reduction in fecal butyrate (18 mM, 9 mM, and 4 mM, respectively; P < 0.001) with decreasing carbohydrate. Major groups of fecal bacteria were monitored using nine 16S rRNA-targeted fluorescence in situ hybridization probes, relative to counts obtained with the broad probe Eub338. No significant change was seen in the relative counts of the bacteroides (Bac303) (mean, 29.6%) or the clostridial cluster XIVa (Erec482, 23.3%), cluster IX (Prop853, 9.3%), or cluster IV (Fprau645, 11.6%; Rbro730 plus Rfla729, 9.3%) groups. In contrast, the Roseburia spp. and Eubacterium rectale subgroup of cluster XIVa (11%, 8%, and 3% for M, HPMC, and HPLC, respectively; P < 0.001) and bifidobacteria (4%, 2.1%, and 1.9%, respectively; P = 0.026) decreased as carbohydrate intake decreased. The abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria related to Roseburia spp. and E. rectale correlated well with the decline in fecal butyrate.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Staphylococci from the feces of different animal species: biotypes of Staphylococcus aureus strains of sheep and goat origin.

Staphylococcus aureus was found in 96% of the rectal swabs from 133 sheep and in 80% of the swabs from 125 goats. Seventy-seven percent of the isolates from both hosts exhibited the fibrinolytic and growth characteristics of human biotype A on human plasma and crystal violet agar, respectively, but 99% of these isolates resembled S. aureus of animal origin in their other properties. Only 21% of the sheep and 24% of the goat isolates were clearly identifiable as human biotype A and animal biotypes B and C.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Extraction of rotavirus from human feces by treatment with lithium dodecyl sulfate.

A procedure has been developed for the isolation of rotavirus from human fecal specimens based on the resistance of the virus to treatment with cold 1% lithium dodecyl sulfate at neutral pH. A single detergent treatment of fecal material followed by low- and high-speed centrifugations yielded a virus suspension of sufficient purity for viral ribonucleic acid to be analyzed directly by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels.

Detergents↗