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At least 1,369 records · Page 76Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Characterization of a plasmid-encoded urease gene cluster found in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae.

Plasmid-encoded urease gene clusters found in uropathogenic isolates of Escherichia coli, Providencia stuartii, and Salmonella cubana demonstrated DNA homology, similar positions of restriction endonuclease cleavage sites, and manners of urease expression and therefore represent the same locus. DNA sequence analysis indicated that the plasmid-encoded urease genes are closely related to the Proteus mirabilis urease genes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

A homoserine lactone autoinducer regulates virulence of an insect-pathogenic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophilus (Enterobacteriaceae).

N-beta-Hydroxybutanoyl homoserine lactone (HBHL), the autoinducer of the luminescent system of Vibrio harveyi, has been identified as the first small compound to restore virulence to avirulent mutants of Xenorhabdus nematophilus. HBHL stimulated the level of lipase activity excreted by avirulent X. nematophilus and lowered the phenoloxidase activity in the hemolymph of insects infected with X. nematophilus, parameters that are both associated with insect pathogenesis. Moreover, mortality of the insects infected with avirulent X. nematophilus was restored upon injection with HBHL. Chloroform extraction of medium conditioned with wild-type but not avirulent X. nematophilus led to the isolation of a compound with the same chromatographic mobility as HBHL as well as the ability to stimulate the luminescence of a dim autoinducer-dependent mutant of V. harveyi. Transfer of the V. harveyi lux operon into avirulent and wild-type X. nematophilus generated dim and bright luminescent strains, respectively, which responded to HBHL and an agonist and antagonist in a manner analogous to their effects on the luminescence of dim autoinducer-deficient and bright wild-type strains of V. harveyi, indicating that similar HBHL-dependent regulatory systems exist in these two bacterial species.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Transposition of IS1397 in the family Enterobacteriaceae and first characterization of ISKpn1, a new insertion sequence associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae palindromic units.

IS1397 and ISKpn1 are IS3 family members which are specifically inserted into the loop of palindromic units (PUs). IS1397 is shown to transpose into PUs with sequences close or identical to the Escherichia coli consensus, even in other enterobacteria (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Klebsiella oxytoca). Moreover, we show that homologous intergenic regions containing PUs constitute IS1397 transpositional hot spots, despite bacterial interspersed mosaic element structures that differ among the three species. ISKpn1, described here for the first time, is specific for PUs from K. pneumoniae, in which we discovered it. A sequence comparison between the two insertion sequences allowed us to define a motif possibly accounting for their specificity.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1980

Use of the API 20E system to identify veterinary Enterobacteriaceae.

A total of 503 veterinary enteric bacterial pathogens obtained from state veterinary diagnostic laboratories were tested on API 20E strips to determine whether this rapid microidentification system could be utilized for veterinary clinical microbiology. The API 20E strip accurately identified 96% of the veterinary isolates and misidentified 3%. Identifications by the API system and the diagnostic laboratories were in agreement in 85% of the isolates, disagreement on 16% of the isolates, and 1% were not identified by the API strip. Differences in identification occurred primarily in distinguishing between Klebsiella and Enterobacter and between Enterobacter and Escherichia coli. These disagreements were most often due to incorrect identifications by the diagnostic laboratory rather than by the API system. Biotype differences between human and veterinary isolates were compared. Significant differences were noted in several biochemical reactions. The main differences observed for E. coli isolates were in ornithine decarboxylase production and melibiose fermentation. The largest differences for Salmonella occurred in arginine dihydrolase production, citrate utilization, and inositol fermentation, whereas for Klebsiella pneumoniae the main differences were noted in urease production and nitrate reduction. These biotype differences, however, did not affect the accurate identification of organisms on the API strip.

Animal Population Groups↗
PubMed1981

Rapid identification by the Micro-ID system of Enterobacteriaceae detected by urine screening.

Previous studies have demonstrated that organisms detected by urine screening can be processed for rapid identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing directly from urine or urine screening broth. In the present study, an improved method for processing such specimens was evaluated. Organisms were harvested by centrifugation from positive urine screening broth, and inocula were prepared for rapid identification by the Micro-ID system and rapid susceptibility testing by the Autobac system. Nearly 2,500 urine specimens were analyzed by urine screening, and 206 specimens had significant growth of gram-negative, oxidase-negative bacilli. These organisms, prepared by the centrifugation procedure, were identified and tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. For comparison, identifications by the Micro-ID system and antimicrobial susceptibility tests by the Autobac system were performed on the same organisms the next day with inocula prepared from colonies growing from standard urine cultures. The results demonstrated that 95% of the organisms were correctly identified by this procedure, and susceptibility testing by the rapid method gave results in 94% agreement with the standard method. These results demonstrate that organisms detected by urine screening can be accurately identified and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility after centrifugation from urine screening broth. This system provides a practical procedure or same-day reporting of urine culture results.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

Use of the Autobac IDX system for rapid identification of Enterobacteriaceae and nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli.

The Autobac IDX system was evaluated for its ability to accurately identify 290 gram-negative bacilli from 18 different genera. Excluding isolates with a low identification probability, the overall sensitivity of the system was found to be 95.8%. Late lactose-fermenting Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, and Proteus mirabilis accounted for over 90% of the misidentifications. The Autobac IDX system offers a rapid and reliable method for the identification of gram-negative bacilli.

Bacteriological Techniques↗