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Specialty pharmaceuticals: developing a management plan.

This is the first in a series of articles that address the complex issues associated with specialty pharmaceuticals in the development of a successful specialty pharmaceutical program, a critical component of managing this high-cost and highly fragmented sector. This article focuses on how to define specialty pharmaceuticals. Other articles in this series will explore such topics as the mechanics of developing and managing a specialty pharmaceutical program, how and when to establish clinical protocols and authorizations, the importance of data management, and the benefits from automated processes.

Biotechnology↗

How to develop an operational plan for health.

BACKGROUND: About 88%, 8%, 36% and 28% of the ministries of health in African countries do not have long-term health plans (LTHPs), health policies (HPs), strategic plans (SPs), and operational plans (OPs), respectively. Eight per cent, 38% and 54% of the countries with OPs rated their formulation as 'excellent', 'satisfactory' and 'needs improvement', respectively. OBJECTIVE(S): To provide a rationale for an OP; to describe its contents; and to explain the process of developing it. DESIGN: Descriptive study. SETTING: Operational plans in the WHO African Region. INTERVENTIONS: Non-intervention descriptive study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Operational plan (OP) for health. RESULTS: An OP framework and process that could be adapted by countries is proposed. CONCLUSION: An adequately formulated OP will contain objectives, targets, expected results, activities, required resources, and a monitoring and evaluation plan (consisting of responsibilities, monitoring indicators, evaluation indicators, data sources - for verifying indicators, and periodicity). In the next two decades, we envision that all the UN agencies and other health partners working in Africa will cooperate with individual countries to develop (or strengthen) LTHPs, HPs, SPs, and OPs of the Ministries of Health (national, provincial and district level).

Africa↗

Developing family care plans: a systems perspective for helping hospice families.

Although terminal care literature may address the importance of the family in the patient's treatment, the family as a whole is seldom considered as the unit of care. A family system's perspective can offer a more holistic approach to providing care to the terminally ill. In this paper, Rosen's model of family system response to stress is adapted to provide a framework for understanding and helping hospice families. To ascertain information critical to the development of a comprehensive care plan, a general format is outlined. Case examples illustrate the application of this approach.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

Developing a strategic marketing plan for hospitals.

The initial stages of developing a strategic marketing plan for hospitals are explored in this excerpt from the book, The Role of the Hospital in an Aging Society: A Blueprint for Action. The elderly have unique perceptual, cognitive, social, and psychological needs and preferences, and a marketing strategy for eldercare services must reflect these factors, as well as the financial role of third-party payers and the decision-making influence of families and physicians. Among the elements the hospital must address when developing a marketing strategy are market selection and segmentation, targeting markets with specific services, pricing, and positioning the hospital for a maximum share of the eldercare market.

Age Factors↗