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At least 1,369 records · Page 76Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Communication strategy of transboundary air pollution findings in a US-Mexico Border XXI program project.

From 1996 to 1997, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC) conducted an air quality study known as the Lower Rio Grande Valley Transboundary Air Pollution Project (TAPP). The study was a US-Mexico Border XXI program project and was developed in response to local community requests on a need for more air quality measurements and concerns about the health impact of local air pollutants; this included concerns about emissions from border-dependent industries in Mexico, known as maquiladoras. The TAPP was a follow-up study to environmental monitoring done by EPA in this area in 1993 and incorporated scientific and community participation in development, review of results, and public presentation of findings. In spite of this, critical remarks were leveled by community activists against the study's preliminary "good news" findings regarding local air quality and the influence of transboundary air pollution. To resolve these criticisms and to refine the findings to address these concerns, analyses included comparisons of daily and near real-time measurements to TNRCC effects screening levels and data from other studies along with wind sector analyses. Reassessment of the data suggested that although regional source emissions occurred and outliers of elevated pollutant levels were found, movement of air pollution across the border did not appear to cause noticeable deterioration of air quality. In spite of limitations stated to the community, the TAPP was presented as establishing a benchmark to assess current and future transboundary air quality in the Valley. The study has application in Border XXI Program or other air quality studies where transboundary transport is a concern since it involved interagency coordination, public involvement, and communication of scientifically sound results for local environmental protection efforts.

Air Movements↗
PubMed1996

The effects of a 4-year program promoting bicycle helmet use among children in Quebec.

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the effectiveness of a 4-year program of bicycle helmet promotion that targeted elementary school children in one region of Quebec. The program revolved primarily around persuasive communication and community organization, combining standard educational activities and activities to facilitate helmet acquisition and use. METHODS: Helmet use was compared between more than 8000 young cyclists in municipalities exposed or not exposed to the program. Factors influencing helmet use were controlled through the use of multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Helmet use increased from 1.3% before program implementation to 33% in 1993. The program was clearly effective in most cycling circumstances and for various groups of children. However, the benefits of the program were unequally distributed; the program was one third as effective in poorer municipalities as in "average-rich" ones. CONCLUSIONS: This community-based program that combined various types of activities appeared to be effective. New intervention models are needed to ensure an equitable distribution of benefits.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2006

Advocacy skills training for young adult cancer survivors: the Young Adult Survivors Conference at Camp Māk-a-Dream.

GOALS OF THE WORK: This manuscript reports on the design, implementation, and evaluation of the Young Adult Survivor Conference (YASC)-a 4-day retreat designed to provide an educational and support experience for cancer survivors diagnosed as children, adolescents, and young adults. The goals of the program were to address issues of survivorship, provide cancer education and tools for self-advocacy, and build bridges of support among young adult cancer survivors who may be experiencing similar journeys through life. THE PROGRAM: YASC was designed to offer advocacy skills specific to participants' needs. Workshops focused on understanding late effects, mentoring and communication, tips for starting peer support programs and networks, and opportunities for offering public testimony and involvement in public policy. EVALUATION: Program evaluation indicated that participants achieved personal goals and expectations for having fun, meeting other survivors, understanding more about their cancer and potential late effects, and learning about how to tell their story so that it will help others. CONCLUSIONS: Involvement with peers who have shared a similar experience provided participants an opportunity to address areas of concern such as coping with uncertainty, dependency vs autonomy, social exclusion, body image, intimacy, sexuality and fertility, and career options. Participation in programs such as the YASC offers young survivors opportunities for life experiences that may promote successful achievement of age-appropriate developmental tasks.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

LIFENET/INTERNET and the health science librarian.

The Medical Library Center of New York, a cooperative library agency for the health sciences, developed a program to offer an electronic communications system (LIFENET) with access to the Internet for its members. Information on documentation and training as well as statistics on the subsequent use of the system and of the Internet are discussed in the article. Specific examples of how health science librarians are using the system include bibliographic verification, reference, research on integrated library systems, production of duplicate journal lists, and professional activities such as electronic mail and discussion groups (listservs).

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1986

Planning for quality in the home care system.

The cycle of quality planning includes five steps needed to establish a home care quality program. These include commitment, development, communication, implementation, and evaluation of a workable quality of care strategy. Tools available as control mechanisms when implementing the system are patient rights, home evaluation, documentation of care, and performance evaluation. Upon patient discharge, an entire case is reviewed and summarized for future reference and audit. In approaching the challenge of quality care, home care management must be aware that quality permeates every aspect of operations and is not confined to the functional domain of a committee or to the administrative bounds of a specific program. Quality is an overall measure of performance and should be respected as such at all levels of the organization. A summary list of guidelines for enforcing quality in home health care operations is presented in Figure 3, page 251. This figure, as with other suggestions presented in this article, reinforces the same general message: articulate, communicate, and evaluate. Cost-effective, high-quality home health care is becoming significantly more desirable as the number of home health agencies rises and the potential for prospective payment by the federal and state programs and the health maintenance organization concept expand. In addition, the prospect of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals' developing an accreditation program for all home health care agencies offers the opportunity to have baseline data for building and measuring QA.

California↗
PubMed1990

Metadata-based generation and management of knowledgebases from molecular biological databases.

Present-day knowledge-based systems (or expert systems) and databases constitute 'islands of computing' with little or no connection to each other. The use of software to provide a communication channel between the two, and to integrate their separate functions, is particularly attractive in certain data-rich domains where there are already pre-existing database systems containing the data required by the relevant knowledge-based system. Our evolving program, GENPRO, provides such a communication channel. The original methodology has been extended to provide interactive Prolog clause input with syntactic and semantic verification. This enables automatic generation of clauses from the source database, together with complete management of subsequent interfacing to the specified knowledge-based system. The particular data-rich domain used in this paper is protein structure, where processes which require reasoning (modelled by knowledge-based systems), such as the inference of protein topology, protein model-building and protein structure prediction, often require large amounts of raw data (i.e., facts about particular proteins) in the form of logic programming ground clauses. These are generated in the proper format by use of the concept of metadata.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Outdoor-based leadership training and group development of family practice interns.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Current trends in health care demand expanded competencies for future physicians, including group process skills that traditional medical curricula rarely address. One approach to enhancing group dynamics and teaching teamwork skills is outdoor-based experiential learning. This study examines the effect of an outdoor-based learning intervention on family practice interns' group problem solving, team building, and communication. METHODS: Two of 13 programs in the University of Washington Family Practice Residency Network included structured, outdoor-based experimental leadership training during intern orientation. The other 11 programs served as controls. Within 1 month following orientation, surveys were sent to all University of Washington Network interns. Respondents completed 27 questions designed to assess perceptions of trust, group awareness, group problem solving, group effectiveness, and interpersonal communication within an intern class. RESULTS: The survey response rate was 85%. Study and control groups were not significantly different with respect to age or gender. The study group scored higher on all individual questions and variables, with statistically significant differences on 10 questions and three variables. CONCLUSIONS: Experiential, outdoor-based leadership training may positively influence intern class group formation and development. Experiential training early in residency may reduce intern stress by accelerating intra-class relationships and may represent a foundation on which to build effective group process curricula for residents.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The UCLA reading and writing program: an evaluation of the beginning stages.

Some individuals with developmental disabilities fail to acquire functional speech despite extensive teaching efforts. To help such individuals develop functional communication skills, a "reading and writing" program was developed. This study was designed to evaluate early parts of the program. Acquisition, transfer, and maintenance of "reading and writing" skills was examined and compared with the acquisition, transfer, and maintenance of sign language. Participants were four children with autism, who scored within the mentally retarded range on standardized tests of intellectual, adaptive, and language functioning, and three 3-year-old non-disabled children. A simultaneous-treatment design was employed to compare the rate of acquisition of "reading and writing" skills to the rate at which the participants acquired receptive and expressive signs. For the participants with autism, acquisition of "reading and writing" was more successful than receptive and expressive signing on all variables assessed. All non-disabled participants acquired all of the "reading and writing" and sign language skills, but participants with autism did not. However, "reading" was acquired slightly quicker by the participants with autism than the non-disabled participants, and the participants with autism also showed some evidence of better transfer and maintenance than the non-disabled participants did.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1994

Facilitated communication: an experimental evaluation.

Nineteen participants in a day treatment program for the developmentally disabled participated in this validation study of facilitated communication (FC). Subjects and facilitators had been involved in FC and judged competent by supervisors of the FC project at the facility. An information-passing design was used requiring short-term recall of one randomly selected stimulus card at a time. Cards varied by the shape, the color of that shape, and the number of that shape used on each card. Results failed to validate facilitated communication for the group as a whole, any individual facilitator, or any of the subjects. The closeness of the results to chance expectations from an experiment designed to validate only the most elemental claims of FC suggests that extraordinary caution be accorded any claims of communication that are the sole product of FC.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Overcoming institutional and community resistance to a tardive dyskinesia management program.

A growing body of research has examined psychiatry's previously hesitant response to the problem of tardive dyskinesia, but little has been said about resistance among institutions and communities to managing tardive dyskinesia. This paper describes how staff of a tardive dyskinesia management program overcame such resistance in both an inpatient and an outpatient setting and implemented tardive dyskinesia guidelines promulgated by an American Psychiatric Association task force in 1979. Through educational and liaison activities, the program staff overcame the fears of nurses and community sponsors of outpatients about reducing or withdrawing patients' neuroleptic medication. Implementation of the program required strong support from the hospital administration and an increase in communication between the various services and outpatient programs treating patients with tardive dyskinesia.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1997

[Epidemiologic data of uro-oncologic pathology in a urology service of a university general hospital. Comments regarding cancer of the prostate].

Data from 92, 93 and 94 tumoral records is analyzed based on the first visit system, staging at time of diagnosis, intervals between visits and management. After finding data unsatisfactory, a program for health care improvement is developed in order to secure diagnosis at earlier stages which may allow for curative radical treatment. The program was implemented in 1995. Results are communicated, and compared with those from previous years; the effectiveness of the program is verified.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Materials and strategies that work in low literacy health communication.

In a Maine Area Health Education Center program some solutions were developed to the well-documented problem of health information material that cannot be read or comprehended by low literacy adults. Professionals in health education and adult education were trained to produce easy-to-read health materials and created dozens of low-cost pamphlets on the nation's year 2000 health objectives. The pamphlets are easily reproducible on a copy machine. Concurrently, a model for teaching oral communication skills to health care providers who deal with low-literacy adults was developed in partnership with Maine's largest rural health center delivery system. The train-the-trainers model reached more than 500 direct health care service providers. Participants in the two programs gained skills useful in all aspects of public communication that are replicable in other cities, States, and regions.

Communication Barriers↗
PubMed2000

Impact of a worker notification program: assessment of attitudinal and behavioral outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Hundreds of worker notification programs are conducted each year to communicate occupational risks to workers. However, few attempts have been made to evaluate their effectiveness and few have described how communication theories are applied in developing notification messages. We developed and assessed the effectiveness of a worker notification program at a beryllium machining plant. METHODS: We compared self-protective attitudinal and behavioral responses among workers in two plants: (1) an intervention plant that received beryllium risk notification and (2) a matched control plant that did not receive notification. RESULTS: Workers receiving notification reported significantly stronger perceptions of threat and efficacy, more positive attitudes toward safety practices, and engaged in more protective behaviors than the workers at the control plant. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the utility of applying communication theories in the development of notification messages and the results suggest that mass presentations may be just as effective, if not more so, than one-on-one notifications. Am. J. Ind. Med. 37:205-213, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Adult↗