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At least 1,369 records · Page 76Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Role of carotid chemoreceptors in control of breathing at rest and in exercise: studies on human subjects with bilateral carotid body resection.

Control of ventilation at rest and in exercise was studied in subjects whose carotid bodies were bilaterally resected (BR) for the treatment of bronchial asthma some 30 years ago. Ventilatory activities of the carotid body were estimated to be responsible for about 90% and about 30% of the hypoxic and hypercapnic responses, respectively. The BR subjects still revealed a weak hypoxic chemosensitivity, called residual hypoxic response (RHR). The nature of RHR was discussed in detail. Exercise hyperpnea was found to be depressed in the BR subjects when compared with the subjects with similarly impared pulmonary function. This result appears to support the oscillation hypothesis in explaining exercise hyperpnea.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathophysiology of bronchial inflammation: chemoreceptors as therapeutic targets.

Asthma is an inflammatory disease characterized by reversible airway obstruction from a combination of bronchoconstriction and inflammatory changes including airway edema, infiltration of inflammatory cells such as eosinophils, mast cells, CD4+ T helper cells and monocyte/macrophages. Pharmacotherapy approaches include relievers of acute symptoms and controllers of inflammation. Inhaled corticosteroids are the sentinel therapy for asthma inflammation but are not always totally effective for a variety of reasons. With the increased understanding about the molecular basis for asthma inflammation, new therapies are emerging to target specific molecular networks, including antibodies against IgE and the TH2 cytokine IL-5; soluble IL-4 receptors and recombinant TH1 cytokines such as IL-12. Further, allergen immunotherapy for asthma is based upon its ability to change a TH2 to a TH1 response by inhibiting IL-4 and/or stimulating IFN gamma production. Although each of these modalities have their potential strengths and weaknesses, the approach offers a fresh attempt to better define the syndrome called asthma, show diversity of etiologies within even the same patient, and develop more effective, long lasting therapies for patients with this condition.

Allergens↗
PubMed1999

Bacterial chemoreceptors: recent progress in structure and function.

The behavior of a bacterial cell is determined by the interplay between transmembrane receptor molecules and a cytoplasmic kinase that is linked to the flagellar apparatus. In the absence of external stimulus, a balance exists between stresses in the periplasmic region of receptor molecules, and compensating cytoplasmic forces. A response, positive or negative, is due to a temporary disturbance in this balance, with corresponding alterations in kinase activity, and ultimately, of swimming behavior. Methylation acts to restore the balance by changing the properties of the receptor. Because methylation is slow, a response will continue for a period of time following stimulation. The mechanisms by which these processes occur are now being elucidated at the molecular level, and should soon make bacterial chemotaxis the first available picture of a complete sensory system.

Bacterial Proteins↗