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At least 1,369 records · Page 76Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

A survey in Louisiana of intestinal helminths of ponies with little exposure to anthelmintics.

Ponies reared with minimal or no exposure to anthelmintics were surveyed for intestinal helminths in order to estimate prevalence and intensity of parasite populations unaltered by frequent exposure to anthelmintics. Thirty-seven mixed breed ponies of varying ages were examined. Thirty-four species of nematodes and 2 species of cestodes were found. Twenty-four of the nematode species (including 1 new species) were in the subfamily Cyathostominae (small strongyles). Eighty-seven percent of the total burden of adult small strongyles in the large intestine was composed of 10 species. By comparing the results of the present survey with those of recent surveys of horses from herds which had been subjected to treatments with anthelmintics, the effect of prolonged usage of anthelmintic treatment on the prevalence of individual species possibly can be estimated. The general ranking of the 10 most common cyathostome species was similar to those described in recent surveys of horses, suggesting that anthelmintic pressure does not affect the prevalence of most cyathostome species. The lack of anthelmintic treatment appeared not to affect prevalence rates for Anoplocephala perfoliata and Anoplocephala magna when compared to other studies. Conversely, prevalence rates for Strongylus spp., Triodontophorus spp., Craterostomum acuticaudatum, Oxyuris equi, and Parascaris equorum were higher than those reported for these species in recent studies of horses.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Peritoneal cestodiasis in a dog.

An unusual case of progressive abdominal distention due to massive infection with proliferating cestode larvae is reported in an imported Italian Greyhound. Cystic parasites, first detected incidentally at ovariohysterectomy, eventually infiltrated most abdominal organs and entered the pericardium. Morphologic, histologic, and electromicroscopic observations did not permit definitive identification of the parasites; however, they were not typical of the larval forms of species of either Taenia or Mesocestoides, which have been associated with this rare condition in the United States.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Helminth species diversity and biology in the bobcat, Lynx rufus (Schreber), from Nebraska.

Cestodes of 4 species and nematodes of 9 species were collected from 75 bobcats, Lynx rufus (Schreber), in Nebraska from 1977 to 1979. Of these 75, 11 were trapped from 6 border counties in 3 border states: South Dakota, 7 carcasses/3 counties; Kansas, 3/2; and Wyoming, 1/1. Helminths recovered included: Mesocestoides corti Hoeppli, 1925 (15% prevalence), Taenia rileyi Loewen, 1929 (67%), Taenia pisiformis (Bloch, 1780) Gmelin, 1790 (27%), Taenia macrocystis (Diesing, 1850) Lühe, 1910 (19%), Physaloptera praeputialis von Linstow, 1889 (55%), Physaloptera rara Hall and Wigdor, 1918 (32%), Toxascaris leonina (von Linstow, 1902) Leiper, 1907 (31%), Toxocara cati (Schrank, 1780) (39%), Ancylostoma tubaeforme (Zeder, 1800) von Linstow, 1885 (5%), Pterygodermatites (Multipectines) cahirensis (Jägerskiöld, 1909) Quentin, 1969 (1%), Vogeloides felis (Vogel, 1928) Davtian, 1933 (7%), Cylicospirura felineus (Chandler, 1925) Sandground, 1932 (12%), and Capillaria aerophila (Creplin, 1839) (4%). One bobcat was not infected; 74 had 1 to 7 species (means = 3). Simpson's index for helminth species was moderately low (0.12), indicating a relatively diverse helminth fauna. Mean levels of infection between prominent species pairs and within each species were compared with bobcat sex and age differences using Student's t-test. Mean intensity of Physaloptera praeputialis was significantly (P less than 0.01) greater than that of Toxocara cati; mean intensity of Mesocestoides corti was significantly (P less than 0.01) greater than that of all other prominent species. No significant intensity differences were indicated among bobcat sex and age categories. G-tests computed for prevalence of prominent species with bobcat age indicated no significance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Helminths of sympatric populations of kangaroo rats (Dipodomys ordii) and grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster) from the high plains of eastern New Mexico.

During a 1-yr period 124 Dipodomys ordii and 92 Onychomys leucogaster were trapped from the same locality and were examined for helminths. Only 1 cestode species (Catenotaenia linsdalei) was recovered from D. ordii, whereas O. leucogaster was infected with 2 nematoda (Litomosoides carinii, Mastophorus muris), 2 cestoda (Hymenolepis citelli, and 1 unknown), and 1 acanthocephalan (Moniliformis clarki) species. All represent new host and distribution records.

Acanthocephala↗
PubMed1968

The development of acquired immunity to tapeworms and progress towards active immunization, with special reference to Echinococcus spp.

An assessment is made of the present state of knowledge on acquired immune responses developed by the intermediate and definitive hosts to tapeworm infections. From this evaluation, some gaps in knowledge and some of the problems associated with the development of practical immunization techniques are described. The principal conclusion reached is that absolute resistance to the larval stage can be acquired and resistance to a number of cestode species can be artificially induced in a number of hosts. Thus, research directed towards isolation and characterization of the functional antigens may lead to the development of vaccines for use in public health programmes, such as for the control of echinococcosis, as well as for improving the present status of meat hygiene in regions where cysticercosis, for example, exists.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Proliferating larval cestodiasis: report of a case.

A 72-year-old Filipino man who had emigrated to Canada had an abdominal infection with a proliferating acephalic larval cestode. Small, irregularly shaped parasites were within the substance of a lymph node, where they provoked a fibrogranulomatous and eosinophilic reaction. The parasite is described and is identified as an undifferentiated sparganum or tetrahyridium based upon comparison with two similar parasites from patients in Taiwan and Paraguay.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Surface markers of a purified peritoneal eosinophil population from Mesocestoides corti-infected BALB/c male mice.

Eosinophils of approximately 95% purity were prepared from the peritoneal cavities of BALB/c male mice infected with larval cestode, Mesocestoides corti. The alloantigenic surface marker phenotype of this cell population was shown to be H-2+Ly4+Ly5+Lyt-1-,2-,3-Ly-6-,7-Ia-Thy-1-TL-. Two of four anti-Lyt-2 sera were positive when tested on purified eosinophils by using the Staphylococcus aureus protein A sheep erythrocyte rosetting method, but absorption studies indicated that this reaction was not due to anti-Lyt-2 antibodies. Eosinophils are therefore Lyt-2-, although some Lyt-2 sera contain additional eosinophil reactive antibodies. A proportion (20 to 40%) of the population of eosinophils was positive for the Fc receptor, but all were negative for the C3 receptor and for surface immunoglobulin.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Current aspects of the ELISA technic applied to the serological diagnosis of helminthiasis].

The authors reviewed the data acquired in ELISA technique for serological diagnosis of parasitosis. They reviewed the literature on Schistosomisis, Fasciolasis, Cestode infections (hydatidoses and cysticercoses) and nematode infections. They described their adaptation of the technique for detection of antimicrofilaria Loa loa antibodies and concluded that ELISA technique is reliable in the diagnosis of parasitic diseases even in areas where they are endemic.

Cestode Infections↗
PubMed1984

Activation of complement by tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides corti: enhancement by antibodies from infected mice and lack of effect on parasite viability.

Tetrathyridia of the cestode Mesocestoides corti were isolated from the peritoneal cavity of infected mice. The parasites activated guinea pig and mouse complement (C) in vitro by both the classical and alternative pathways as shown by quantitative C fixation and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The ability of tetrathyridia to activate mouse C was enhanced by preincubating the parasites in serum obtained from mice infected with M. corti. Antibodies of the IgG1 class, an immunoglobulin found in profoundly increased amounts in mice infected with M. corti, as well as IgM and IgG2 antibodies, bound to cultured tetrathyridia and facilitated deposition of the third component of C (C3) from dilute mouse serum, presumably via classical pathway activation. The results demonstrate that mouse IgG1 antibodies do not prevent the activation of C by the tetrathyridia or by C-fixing antibodies of other classes which become attached to the tetrathyridia. The activation of C in vitro by tetrathyridia did not affect their ability to grow in mice, even though C3-derived polypeptides could be detected by immunofluorescence on the surface of the parasites.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The pathoparasitology of the alimentary tract and pancreas of nonhuman primates: a review.

A review of the literature concerning the gross and histologic lesions associated with protozoal and metazoal parasitism in the alimentary tract and pancreas of nonhuman primates is presented. In addition, the natural history, morphology, life cycle, methods for diagnosis, and potential for zoonotic disease are reviewed briefly for each parasite discussed. The parasite species reviewed in detail are those most common or most likely to produce lesions in the alimentary tract and pancreas of the nonhuman primate host. All parasites, both pathogenic and nonpathogenic, in each major group (protozoa: flagellates, sarcodines, sporozoans, neosporans, and ciliates; and metazoa: trematodes, cestodes, nematodes, acanthocephalans, and pentastomids) that have been reported in the nonhuman primate alimentary tract and pancreas are presented in tables.

Acanthocephala↗
PubMed1983

Dynamics of the platyhelminth fauna of wood ducks in relation to food habits and reproductive state.

The dynamics of the intestinal helminth fauna of wood ducks (Aix sponsa) and the relationship between changes in food habits and helminth populations during the bird's reproductive cycle were studied in southeast Missouri. A total of 11 species of helminths, comprised of four species of trematodes and seven species of cestodes, were recovered from the digestive tracts of 155 wood ducks. All species except one were found in both sexes. Significant differences were found in parasite numbers by season (spring vs. fall), sex, and stage of the reproductive cycle. Helminth infection in both sexes was higher in the spring than during fall courtship; however, the magnitude of the seasonal difference was considerably greater in females. Females contained significantly more helminths than males during spring, but no sex-related differences were detected in the fall. Seasonal changes and sex-related differences in parasite numbers corresponded closely with the consumption of invertebrates that serve as intermediate hosts. The average number of parasites in females was similar during fall courtship and pre-egg-laying, suggesting that little or no new infection occurred during winter. The most intensive infections were found in laying females and were attributed to hyperphagia and increased invertebrate consumption during egg production. A large decrease in the parasite numbers in females between incubation and fall courtship indicated that most of the helminths acquired by laying females were lost during summer; therefore, the long-term effects of the increased infection are probably negligible.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Life cycle of Mesocestoides corti in the dog (Canis familiaris).

Ten Beagle pups were each inoculated per os with 2,000 tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides corti from mice. The dogs were necropsied at 5-day intervals and the small intestine of each dog was divided into 3 equidistant sections. Adult cestodes were counted and characterized morphologically. The M corti reproduced asexually in the Beagles by longitudinal splitting of the parent scolex, separation of a new individual, and subsequent regrowth of 2 additional suckers on both the parent and newly formed scolices. Five days after the tetrathyridia were given, evidence of parent scolex division was present. The ability of M corti to reproduce asexually in the definitive host enabled rapid proliferation of new organisms, with approximately 53,000 present 45 days after inoculation.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effect of febantel against Ancylostoma caninum and Trichuris vulpis infections in dogs.

Febantel was administered as a 3.4% paste to 45 dogs infected with 1 or more nematode species, which included Ancylostoma caninum and Trichuris vulpis. Dosage levels of 5, 10, or 15 mg/kg of body weight daily for 3 consecutive days for a total of 15, 30, or 45 mg/kg were administered. At 15 mg/kg, all dogs were completely cleared of all nematode and cestode infections, including A caninum, T vulpis, Uncinaria stenocephala, Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Taenia sp, and Dipylidium caninum, except for 1 Physaloptera sp adult. The 2 other dosage levels produced somewhat lower efficacy, with the 5 mg/kg being the least effective. The paste appeared palatable to the dogs and there were no apparent adverse effects.

Ancylostomiasis↗
PubMed1995

Ecological studies of Chalcides ocellatus (Forskal, 1775) and Hemidactylus turcicus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Egypt with special reference to helminthic parasites.

Chalcides ocellatus and Hemidactylus turcicus are sympatric throughout most of their geographical distribution in Egypt. Their temporal activities, food items and feeding strategy are almost similar. Chalcides ocellatus harboured 5 species of nematodes and one species of cestode, while Hemidactylus turcicus harboured only 3 species of nematodes. Two species of nematodes occurred in both hosts.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Attachment site specificity and the tapeworm assemblage in the spiral intestine of the blue shark (Prionace glauca).

The parasite assemblage in the scroll-type spiral intestine of 24 specimens of the blue shark Prionace glauca collected off of Montauk, Long Island, New York was investigated. When opened with a longitudinal incision to the right of the ventral blood vessels, the internal mucosal spiral of the spiral intestine of the blue shark could be unrolled into a flat sheet of double-sided mucosal tissue. Attachment sites and parasite assemblages were studied on both sides of the sheet in 12 sharks and on either the inside or the outside of the sheet in 12 additional sharks. Assemblages within host individuals were composed of up to 4 species of tetraphyllidean cestodes including the onchobothriid Platybothrium auriculatum, and the phyllobothriids, Prosobothrium armigerum. Paraorygmatobothrium prionacis, and Anthobothrium laciniatum. Each individual shark hosted 1-4 tapeworm species (mean = 3.7 +/- 0.65). The 12 sharks in which both sides of the mucosal scroll were examined hosted 156-2,382 (mean = 929.1 +/- 818) individual tapeworms. The assemblage consisted of 4 core species. Sharks were not found to host all of the possible combinations of species in their assemblages; the most common combination (17 out of 24 individuals) was the occurrence of all 4 parasite species. A chi-square test revealed no evidence that the 4 species did not occur independently. Regression revealed a significant relationship between shark total length and spiral intestine area. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed a significant difference between the surface areas of the 2 sides of the mucosal sheet when shark total length was taken into account.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

Comparative morphology of the scolices and microtriches among five species of Tetrabothrius (Eucestoda: Tetrabothriidae).

The structure of the scolex, neck, and adjacent strobila of 5 species of Tetrabothrius was evaluated using low to high magnification scanning electron microscopy. Species-specific patterns and morphotypes (spiniform, papilliform, and filiform) of microtriches were found on the scolices and strobilar tegument of Tetrabothrius (Oriana) affinis, Tetrabothrius (Oriana) filiformis, and Tetrabothrius (Culmenamniculus) laccocephalus; microtriches were absent in Tetrabothrius (Culmenamniculus) cylindraceus and Tetrabothrius (Tetrabothrius) sp. The presence, distribution, and form of microtriches may not be correlated with the subgeneric divisions of Tetrabothrius or the host taxon. Unique patterns do not appear to be shared with other groups of cestodes, particularly other tetraphyllideans. We suggest that the spiniform, filiform, and papilliform types of microtriches may be symplesiomorphic for the Eucestoda.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Serendip deborahae n. gen. and n. sp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Serendipidae n. fam.) in Rhinoptera steindachneri Evermann and Jenkins, 1891 (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Myliobatidae) from southeastern Ecuador.

Cestodes collected in spiral valves of Rhinoptera steindachneri from the southern coast of Ecuador represent an undescribed species of Tetraphyllidea. The new species has bothridia possessing septa but lacking apical suckers. It is diagnosably distinct from all other tetraphyllidean genera by possessing a scolex comprising 4 triangular bothridia that are fused together forming a platelike structure, each of which is subdivided by 2 simple and 1 bifurcating septa radiating from its base and ringed by marginal loculi; therefore, a new genus is proposed for it. By exhibiting some degree of bothridial fusion, testes arranged in 2 layers in the proglottis and postovarian testes, the new species appears to be a member of a clade containing Dioecotaenia, Duplicibothrium, and Glyphobothrium. The new species possesses vitelline fields that converge dorsally in each proglottis, except for the ovarian and terminal genitalia areas, a feature that has been reported previously only in Duplicibothrium and Glyphobothrium. Furthermore, Duplicibothrium and Glyphobothrium, like the new species, are markedly protandric. Therefore, we propose that Duplicibothrium, Glyphobothrium, and the new species comprise the sister group of the Dioecotaeniidae, and propose a new family name for the clade. Tritaphros is rejected as a possible sister group for the clade; suggested alternatives include some species of Caulobothrium, Rhodobothrium, or some members of the Phyllobothrium centrurum group.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Escherbothrium molinae n. gen. et n. sp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Triloculariidae) in Urotrygon chilensis (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Urolophidae) from the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica.

Cestodes collected in spiral valves of the stingray Urotrygon chilensis from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica represent an undescribed species of Tetraphyllidea. By possessing more than 2 loculi as well as an apical sucker on each bothridium, the new species is diagnosably distinct from all other tetraphyllidean genera; therefore, a new genus is proposed for it. The new species also possesses globular structures irregularly arranged on the surface of the bothridia. We found similar structures on the bothridial faces of Trilocularia acanthiaevulgaris, possibly indicating phylogenetic relationships with the new species. This possibility is enhanced by the observation that the bothridia of T. acanthiaevulgaris comprise 2 loculi and an apical sucker, rather than 3 loculi.

Animals↗