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PubMedDate not supplied

[Influences of antitumoral chemotherapy on body composition and nitrogen balance: experimental study].

An experimental study was carried out with the purpose to examine the 4-epidoxorubicine (4-EPI) action on malignant tumor development and its repercussion on nutritional conditions of the host. Cancer and chemotherapy can generate malnutrition. In order to study the nutritional repercussions, 48 host Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: Group C: 12 control rats; Group T: 5 rats bearing Walker-256 carcinosarcoma; Group TE: 11 rats given 4-epidoxorubicine (4-EPI) EV simultaneously with tumor implantation; Group T6E: 8 rats given 4-EPI 6 days after the tumor implantation; Group E: 11 rats given only 4-EPI. Tumor and carcass weight and nitrogen balance (by measuring total nitrogen ingested and excreted) were determined daily; the animals were sacrificed on the 20th day of the experiment and material was collected for determination of body composition parameters. A variance analysis was made and the differences were considered to be significative at p less than 0.05. A loss of food during a period following the 4-EPI injection was reflected by carcass weight loss. The accumulated nitrogen incorporation was lower in Groups TE and T6E in the periods of 0-5 days, 0-14 days, and 0-20 days. As for body composition it was verified that free fat solids and total body fat were reduced in Groups T ant T6E when compared to group C. However, 20 days after the use of 4-EPI there were no significative changes in the body composition. In rats bearing Walker-256-carcinosarcoma 4-EPI was effective.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Double-blind study on the action of almitrine in patients with polycythemia of high altitude].

Chronic polycythaemia in people living at high altitude is associated with hypoxaemia due to a marked reduction in hypoxic and hypercapnic drives. The effect of almitrine, a chemoreceptor stimulant, was evaluated in 40 patients, with haematocrit values over 57%, living in La Pa2 (3,600-4,000 m). Two studies were carried out. The aim of the first was to assess the ventilatory response, and the increase in PaO2 due to almitrine in a double blind, placebo controlled protocol including 40 patients (mean haematocrit 66.8%). Almitrine was given orally at a dose of 3 mg X kg-1. Variance analysis showed that three hours later there was a significant increase in PaO2 (+0.46 kPa), pH and respiratory frequency, with a significant reduction in PaCO2 (-0.4 kPa). The increase in ventilation (+17%) was not significant. The aim of the second study was to assess the effect of almitrine on the polycythaemia. It was given orally at a dose of 1.5 mg X kg-1 X day-1 to twelve patients over a four week period. Blood gases, ventilation (VE), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide, production (VCO2) and haematocrit were measured every week. There was a slight but significant reduction in haematocrit (-3.5%). PaO2 and all the other measured parameters (VE, PaCO2, pH, VO2 VCO2) remained constant. The reduction in haematocrit was not therefore due to an increase in diurnal PaO2 but is perhaps due to the improvement in pulmonary ventilation during sleep.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Demonstration of reversible myocardial ischemia in necrotic akinetic areas using endocoronary ECG during angioplasty].

The presence of ischaemic myocardial tissues in necrotic territories and the usefulness of revascularizing these territories are controversial matters. We have determined the existence of this phenomenon by the per-angioplastic intracoronary ECG method, and we have compared the sensitivities of intracoronary ECG and surface ECG. Intracoronary EVG is achieved by using the mobile teflon-coated guide wire of coronary angioplasty as a unipolar epicardial electrode. Being epicardial and localized, the electrode explores a limited area of the myocardium, distal to the artery being dilated and momentarily occluded by the balloon during inflations. The study involved 12 patients (mean age 53.7 years) who presented with the following criteria of admission: transmural myocardial infarction, presence of a Q wave on two leads, akinetic segment at ventriculography and coronary stenosis or occlusion amenable to angioplasty. Patients with collateral circulation between the larger epicardial vessels were excluded. Intracoronary ECG recordings were taken before, during and after inflations. In 9 out of 12 patients the ST segments was elevated by 1.3 mV on average between inflations (S.D. 3.14 mV) and by 4.8 mV (S.D. 3.99 mV) during inflations. These high standard deviations were due to major inter- and intra-individual variations of ST. The difference was significant (p less than 0.05) at variance analysis. No variation of ST was observed in 3 patients. Only one of the 12 patients had elevated ST on both surface ECG and intracoronary ECG tracings. Thus, intracoronary ECG is a sensitive method to evaluate myocardial ischaemia during coronary angioplasty.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Combined effect of some physical and chemical factors.

The effect of simultaneous exposure to noise and dimethylformamide (DMF), noise and xylol and also vibration and lead on the metabolism of the myocardium of albino rats was studied. Combined effect of the factors was examined by the method of bifactorial design of the experiment. The animals were exposed to noise, intensity 46, 85 and 95 dB (2 and 4 hours), DMF in doses of 0.25, 1.00 and 5.00 ml . kg-1 (5 days in a week), and xylol in a concentration of 300 mg . m-3 (4 hours, 5 days in a week) for a period of 1.5 months, as also to vibration, intensity 100 Hz, 4 m . sec-2 (2 hours) and lead acetate in a dose of 20 mg . kg-1 (daily for a period of 10 days). The activity of GlDG, SucDG, LDG, G6PDG, G6P-ase, PGM and CytO in the myocardium of experimental and control animals was examined. Disturbances in metabolic and energy processes in the heart muscle were established after both isolated and combined exposure to the effect of the factors. Results of bifactorial variance analysis demonstrate that combined effect of noise and DMF results in not only independent effect of the two factors, but also in their interaction. Isolated effect of two factors (vibration and lead) can be assessed according to the relationship of some enzymes; their interaction can be noticed in GlDG, ATP-ase and G6P-ase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Addition of fentanyl to adrenalinized lidocaine for the brachial plexus block].

This study was designed to investigate the effects of fentanyl associated with lidocaïne in a solution used to perform axillary brachial plexus nerve block. Adrenergic, sensory and motor nerve blocks have been studied separately and compared to a control group receiving lidocaine without fentanyl. For each type of fibre, the degree of block was measured on, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10 minutes after injection and the result were studied by variance analysis. Axillary nerve blocks were performed in two different hospitals by two anesthesiologists. After giving informed consent, the patients were randomly allocated in two groups receiving 30 ml 1.5% lidocaine with 1/200,000 epinephrine, with or without fentanyl 100 mu. There were no statistical differences between the two groups as far as adrenergic nerve block was concerned, whereas sensory and motor nerve blocks were significantly more important as soon as five minutes after injection and lasted longer when fentanyl was added to the solution. This enhancement of intensity and duration of sensory and motor nerve blocks when fentanyl is added allows a reduction of the quantity of lidocaine required, and shortens the delay between injection and complete blockade.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Cardiac output-changes during hemodialysis with ultrafiltration.

Cardiovascular hemodynamics were studied noninvasively before, during and after hemodialysis with ultrafiltration in 18 patients on chronic hemodialysis. The cardiac output (CO) was determined by a continuous wave Doppler method. Overall, no major CO changes were seen (7.8 +/- 0.6 l/min post- versus 7.4 +/- 0.5 l/min pre-dialysis). Mean blood pressure rose slightly but significantly from 103 +/- 4 mmHg before to 113 +/- 3 mmHg after hemodialysis (p less than 0.01). Important interindividual differences in the intradialytic evolution of CO were observed. In patients with previous myocardial infarction or dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 12), CO rose significantly from 7.3 +/- 0.7 l/min before to 8.4 +/- 0.6 l/min after hemodialysis (p less than 0.05), while in patients without manifest myocardial disease (n = 6) CO decreased from 7.5 +/- 0.7 l/min to 6.6 +/- 0.9 l/min (NS). Comparison of the evolution of CO in both groups by variance analysis revealed a significant difference (p less than 0.01). It is concluded that, in response to hemodialysis with ultrafiltration, CO probably will increase in patients with myocardial infarction or congestive cardiomyopathy, but probably will decrease in patients without.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Serum ferritin levels in patients with hemolymphopathies and solid neoplasms in an advanced phase: a comparison with healthy subjects and liver cirrhosis patients].

The immunoenzyme method was used to measure serum ferritin levels in 55 patients with haemolymphopathies and advanced solid tumours. Patients were divided into five groups according to tumour type. 50 healthy subjects and 12 patients with cirrhosis of the liver were also studied. In 76% of the cancer patients ferritin levels were significantly higher than in the control group of healthy subjects (p less than 0.01). Only 8 of the patients studied had primary or secondary liver tumours. None of the cancer patients showed clinical or blood chemical signs of current acute or chronic liver disease. Furthermore 13 of the cancer patients had severe anaemia and were given multiple transfusions during hospitalisation. All the groups studied showed a significant (p less than 0.01) increase in mean ferritinaemia levels compared to the healthy control groups. There was also a significant difference between the mean value encountered in the liver cancer and cirrhosis groups. Both groups also showed significantly higher levels than the control group. In contrast no significant differences were noted between the mean values encountered in the individual cancer groups by means of variance analysis.

Female↗
PubMed1987

[Cutaneous manifestations of zinc deficiency in ethylic cirrhosis].

Thirty-three patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (AC), selected on widely recognized criteria (16, 57), were investigated prospectively for cutaneous manifestations of zinc deficiency. The patients were divided into 3 groups: group A (n = 12): AC without skin lesions; group B (n = 12): AC with skin lesions responsive to a zinc-free topical treatment or resistant to enteral zinc sulfate intake; group C (n = 9): AC with skin lesions cured by oral zinc replacement therapy alone. The lesions observed in group C were studied microscopically. Data concerning zinc metabolism (Zn concentrations in plasma, red cells, urine and hair; alkaline phosphatase values), biochemical criteria of AC (plasma serum-albumin concentration, IgA/transferrin ratio) and a malabsorption test (xylosemia 120 min after oral absorption of D-xylose 25 g) were compared by the variance analysis method. A control group (D, n = 12) was used as reference. Few cases of cutaneous manifestations of zinc deficiency in AC patients have been published. In more than one half of the 15 or so we found in the literature, an aggravating factor (total parenteral nutrition, digestive tract surgery) had to be taken into account. In this prospective study 9 new cases in which AC was the only cause of zinc deficiency are reported. A clinical picture similar to acrodermatitis enteropathica with peribuccal bullous lesions was observed in only one patient. In all other cases the patients presented with a cracked and reticulated eczema on the extensor aspect of the limbs and (often erosive) in the perianal and genital regions. The eczema was associated with cheilitis, glossitis, stomatitis, alopecia and, seldom, ungual Beau's lines. Disorders of behaviour, diarrhoea and bouts of lever regressing under zinc replacement therapy were frequent. Histology was not very specific, except for the presence of necrotic areas in the stratum germinativum, sometimes associated with small subcorneal pustules containing altered polymorphonuclears. In every case, it was the rapid regression of symptoms under zinc sulfate treatment that confirmed the diagnosis. Plasma zinc concentrations were most significantly decreased in all AC groups as compared to controls (61.2 +/- 19.4 vs 97.8 +/- 10.4 micrograms/100 ml) and also in AC patients with skin manifestations of zinc deficiency as compared to the other AC patients (44.4 +/- 9.2 vs 66.5 +/- 18.8 micrograms/100 ml) table V). Changes in serum-albumin levels and in hepatocellular function were parallel to changes in plasma zinc concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Nonenzymatic glycosylation of proteins. II. Does glycosylation of low density lipoproteins affect lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes?

The degree of nonenzymatic glycosylation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and lipid composition of LDL as well as of erythrocyte membrane ghosts was investigated in order to determine the possible relationship of LDL glycosylation and lipid metabolism disorders. Three groups of juveniles attending outpatient clinic: diabetics without associated conditions, diabetics with background retinopathy and control healthy subjects were selected for our study. Anisotropy measurements and chemical determinations revealed that enhanced LDL glycation in diabetics (20.6 +/- 1.5 in uncomplicated diabetic subjects and 21.4 +/- 1.0 in retinopathic patients versus 18.1 +/- 1.9 controls) corroborated significantly with membrane cholesterol: phospholipid ratio (r = 0.695), LDL cholesterol (r = 0.720) and membrane rigidization (r = 0.504). Moreover, the elevation of LDL glycation, significance of which was established by nonparametric variance analysis (p less than 0.01), was considerably correlated with total plasma cholesterol (r = 0.743). The possibility that chemical modification of LDL by glucose might induce the altered cholesterol metabolism and distribution was suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Statistical evaluation of a total dose-dose rate relationship in oral tongue cancer 192 Ir implants.

A statistical tool has been made by us on 55 patients treated for oral tongue cancer with unique 192 Ir interstitial curietherapy in Brescia from 1973 to 1981. Our aim was to verify a simple analytical relationship proposed and adopted by us for oral tongue cancer implants in order to reduce the total dose with increasing dose rates and to calculate the equivalent total dose when referred to 0.357 Gy/hr. Recurrences and radionecroses are studied in a variance analysis, distinguishing according to stage and total dose; within the dose rate range used, a highly significant difference in radionecrosis rate (P less than 0.005) confirms our isoeffect relationship.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1986

[Zones of sexual dimorphism in the cortico-medial group of nuclei of the amygdaloid complex].

With the aim to reveal sex demorphic zones by means of caryometry, 22 zones of the cortico-medial group of the amygdaloid complex (AC) nuclei have been investigated in rats (15 males and 10 females). Per each zone investigated 200 cellular nuclei are measured. Parameters characterizing distribution of the neuronal nuclei volumes in the zones studied are calculated, influence of the sex factor on the nuclear size are revealed by means of variance analysis. Basing on the results of the investigation, a complete idea on topography of the sex demorphic zones in the territory of the cortico-medial group of the AC nuclei is given. These zones are predominantly localized in the anterior and posterior parts of the AC, situating mainly in the rostral and caudal areas of the medial and cortical nuclei. The results demonstrate existence of the rostro-caudal gradient in the structural-functional organization of the cortico-medial group of the AC nuclei and prove that before suggested division of the AC into anterior, central and posterior parts is correct. It is possible to suppose that the cause of accumulated and still accumulating in the literature contradictions on functional differentiation of the AC is lack of registration of sex differences and of the rostro-caudal gradient in organization of this cerebral formation.

Amygdala↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A cross-country study of commercial contraceptive sales programs: factors that lead to success.

This report presents results from a comparison of subsidized commercial contraceptive marketing programs in 11 developing countries, and makes recommendations for program planning based on findings. The analysis, based on a combined quantitative approach of analysis of variance, factor analysis, and regression analysis, suggests that the successful sale of oral contraceptives is related to level of socioeconomic development, the absence of prescription requirements, and the level of commitment to family planning activities. On the other hand, the successful sale of condoms is related to marketing factors, which include price and advertising. A final discussion of the possible effect of qualitative factors suggests cultural and historical variables that could account for the remaining unexplained variations in sales performances.

Contraception Behavior↗
PubMed1979

[Long lasting psychotropic effects after long-term treatment with a hemoderivative].

Up to now there has been scarcely any publication of precise tests on the duration (lasting effect) of psychotropical effects which have appeared in brain activity after conclusion of a longterm therapy with vasoactive or metabolical substances. In 32 patients with symptoms of arteriosclerosis (average 72 years) a six weeks trial treatment was carried out with the haemoderivat Actihaemyl (6 weeks twice weekly 10 ml i.v.) according to the double blind method and checking the results with variance analysis. In the following mental areas positive effects have been proved: memory functions, creative behaviour, general psychophysical behaviour and in emotional, social and clinical behaviour. 12 weeks after conclusion of the therapy it was observed, that with the same test method there was a wide maintenance of the improvements in the psychical performance and this exceeded in many areas the status as observed immediately after conclusion of the therapy. The reason for this longterm effect of the haemoderivat which was under test is discussed.

Actihaemyl↗
PubMed1979

[Lowering of intraocular pressure by aqueous solution of bupranolol in chronic uncomplicated glaucoma simplex (author's transl)].

In two previous studies the effects of topically applied 1% and 0.2% solutions of bupranolol on intraocular pressure were investigated in 21 and respectively 20 eyes with chronic uncomplicated open-angle glaucoma.--As early as 30 minutes after both solutions a very significant pressure drop, without concomittant pupillary reaction, was recorded. The 1% bupranolol solution was less well tolerated and caused some ocular irritation. The present study was therefore initiated in order to find out whether a 0.2% solution of bupranolol would yield significantly different results in comparison with the former.--Statistical evaluation, based on variance analysis linked with multiple t-tests, showed a barely significant difference between the pressure-lowering effects of the 1% and 0.2% solutions after one hour, whereas after 2 hours the difference became clearly significant in favour of the 0.2% solution. Furthermore, the 0.2% solution clearly showed a tendency to prolonged duration of effect, beyond the two-hour observation time. It therefore seems justified to supplement the present findings by long-term studies aimed at assessing optimal concentrations of the drug on the one hand, and its long-acting properties on the other. In this way, bupranolol is likely to gain recognition as an antiglaucomatous agent.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Variations in the capacity of the steroid binding beta globulin (SBbetaG) in plasma from normal young twins.

The capacity of human plasma to bind specifically dihydrotestosterone (DHTBC) has been determined in normal monozygotic and dizygotic twins less than 20 years old. The total variation in DHTBC was analysed by stepwise multiple regression, combined with variance analysis, applied to the pair sums in DHTBC, body height and body weight, as well as to age. A significant part of the variation in DHTBC was explained. Due to the strong interwining between body weight, body height and age in growing children it was impossible to make out which one of the latter variable contributed most to the negative correlation which was observed. Previous studies in adults did, however, show that only body weight and not body height or age correlated negatively with DHTBC. By doing the same calculations for the within-pair differences in DHTBC, body height and body weight it was hoped to delineate the within-family part of the environmental variation in DHTBC. Body weight and body height did, however, not offer any significant explanation as to this part of the variation in DHTBC. The upper limit of heritability (h2) for DHTBC was estimated by comparing intraclass-correlation coefficients in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. According to the method used to calculate the latter intraclass-correlation coefficients h2 estimates for DHTBC of 0.774 and 0.960 were arrived at. However, due to the rather small number of dizygotic twins available the confidence limits of these estimates were rather large.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Effect of biotechnical management procedures on blood parameters in gilts. 1. Acid and alkaline phosphatase].

Three independent experiments were conducted with cyclic gilts kept under different conditions (2 x 12 on platforms and 100 from production unit), i.e. hormonally unaffected or under the usual conditions of synchronised oestrus (100 mg Suisynchron per animal and die over 20 days followed by 1,000 I.U. PMS and again followed, three days later, by 250 I.U. HCG). Blood samples were repeatedly drawn from the jugular vein and brachiocephalic vein during phases of treatment and oestrus. Acid and alkaline phosphatases were determined immediately in the plasms, and the results were calculated by variance analysis. Synchronisation, using Suisynchron, proved conducive to lowering with significance (P less than 0.01) the levels of acid and alkaline phosphatases. All changes in phosphatase values were not in full conformity within the experiments during the other phases of treatment. Phosphatase levels were not affected by discontinuation of Suisynchron nor by administration of Gn hormone. The levels of acid and alkaline phosphatases in biotechnically treated animals appeared to be lower than those in animals with spontaneous oestrus at the time of full oestrus. While the findings were of period-specific significance (P less than 0.01), the results obtained from the individual animal failed to provide specific information, since gaps were too wide between animals and between animals, on the one hand, and periods, on the other (P less than 0.01).

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

[Variations in the body temperature of cows during oestrus (author's transl)].

The temperatures of twenty cows were recorded rectally from five days prior to the expected date of oestrus till after ovulation at 2.30, 7 and 12 a.m. and at 5 and 10 p.m. The cows were also examined for oestrus behaviour at these times. When the cows had stood to be mounted for the first time at one of the hours of observation, the ovaries were examined by palpation at the subsequent times to detect ovulation. The total number of cows in heat, in which marked oestrous behaviour was observed, was forty-one. In addition, there were eight cases of silent oestrus, i.e. though the animals did ovulate and usually showed an increase in temperature, they did not stand to be mounted. Variance analysis showed that de 'cow effect', the time of day, the stage of oestrus, the oestrus number and the interaction of the stage of oestrus and the time of day had a significant effect on the body temperature. In 86 per cent of the cases of oestrus (including those of 'silent oestrus'), there was a significant increase in body temperature. This proportion was much smaller, namely 55 per cent, when observations were made about milking time only (7 a.m. and 5 p.m.). The mean difference between the highest temperature during oestrus and the average reference temperature was 0.62 degrees C +/- 0.38 degrees C. Daily monitoring of the temperature was also found to be useful in checking the state of health of the dairy herd.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Cardiac microstructure in female and male offspring of exercised rat mothers.

The microstructure of the cardiac muscle in eight subgroups of female and male rats was investigated: exercised (EE) and control (EC) offspring of exercised mothers, and exercised (CE) and control (CC) offspring of control, inactive mothers. The differences between subgroups were subjected to variance analysis and multiple-range tests according to Duncan. There were no marked differences in total body weight and weight of the heart related to total body weight. A significant difference (highest values) was shown in the density of muscle fibers and capillaries in the offspring of exercised mothers, which was further potentiated by the additional exercise during postnatal life. Diffusion distance was significantly longer in CC animals; the other subgroups did not differ significantly. There were no significant differences in the reaction of female and male offspring both due to prenatal and postnatal exercise.

Animals↗