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At least 1,351 records · Page 75Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Determination of HLA-A,B residue mismatch acceptability for kidneys transplanted into highly sensitized patients: a report of a collaborative study conducted during the 12th International Histocompatibility Workshop.

BACKGROUND: During the 12th International Histocompatibility Workshop, a collaborative study between 35 laboratories was conducted on a group of highly allosensitized patients who had received a kidney transplant from 1981 to 1995. The major goal of the study was to assess how serum screening against a large cell panel could determine donor HLA mismatch acceptability in relation to graft outcome. METHODS: Twenty laboratories participated in an extensive screening of 92 high panel-reactive antibody (PRA) sera from patients at 29 transplant centers worldwide; each patient had received a kidney allograft from an HLA-A,B mismatched unrelated donor. Screening was done by complement-dependent lymphocytotoxicity and antihuman globulin augmentation techniques using a common protocol and shared standardized reagents. After an extensive quality-control assessment, we selected data from 14 participants who had screened the sera against a combined panel of 535 HLA-typed cells. RESULTS: With the 2x2 table-based Multiscreen computer program, we could readily determine for virtually every patient the significant correlations between serum reactivity and the presence of panel cell markers, including private and public HLA-A,B epitopes and amino acid residues assigned from published sequencing data. Donor mismatch acceptability was assessed at the amino acid residue level. In the complement-dependent lymphocytotoxicity (n=49; PRA=84.1+/-12.1%) and antihuman globulin (n=60; PRA=92.5+/-5.8%) groups, the 3-month graft survivals were 28% and 30% lower for unacceptable residue mismatches. CONCLUSIONS: These studies underscore the importance of a comprehensive serum screening analysis in the selection of appropriately mismatched donors for highly sensitized transplant patients.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1998

Chromosome 5 workshop.

In schizophrenia, evidence consistent with linkage in the 5q23.3-q31.1 region emerged from three independent samples. In addition, a moderately retarded woman with schizophrenia with an interstitial deletion overlapping this region was reported at the workshop. A second region of interest for schizophrenia is the 5p14.1-p13.1 region, where lod scores as high as 4.37 were found in one pedigree. Chromosome 5p15 gave a non-parametric linkage (NPL) score of 2.18 (p < 0.02) in one study. Several genome scans have not found evidence of excess allele sharing in these regions, although in most cases the genome scans did not include the markers that had resulted in provisional evidence of linkage. A large pedigree of bipolar illness has shown provisional evidence of linkage at, or near, the dopamine transporter locus at 5p15.3; the maximum lod score obtained was 2.72 at D5S417. In other regions, a genome scan of bipolar disorder gave NPL scores of 2.98 at D5S812 and 3.76 at D5S423. The third disorder of interest is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) because two studies have reported an association with the 480 bp allele at the dopamine transporter locus. A poster presented at the Congress reported a failure to replicate the association in a sample with considerable power to detect the effect size previously reported.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1998

X-chromosome workshop.

Researchers presented results of ongoing research to the X-chromosome workshop of the Fifth World Congress on Psychiatric Genetics, covering a wide range of disorders: X-linked infantile spasms; a complex phenotype associated with deletions of Xp11; male homosexuality; degree of handedness; bipolar affective disorder; schizophrenia; childhood onset psychosis; and autism. This report summarizes the presentations, as well as reviewing previous studies. The focus of this report is on linkage findings for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder from a number of groups. For schizophrenia, low positive lod scores were obtained for markers DXS991 and DXS993 from two studies, although the sharing of alleles was greatest from brother-brother pairs in one study, and sister-sister in the other. Data from the Irish schizophrenia study was also submitted, with no strong evidence for linkage on the X chromosome. For bipolar disease, following the report of a Finnish family linked to Xq24-q27, the Columbia group reported some positive results for this region from 57 families, however, another group found no evidence for linkage to this region. Of interest, is the clustering of low positive linkage results that point to regions for possible further study.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phytoestrogens and healthy aging: gaps in knowledge. A workshop report.

There is an increasing public interest in foods and dietary supplements containing phytoestrogens for the maintenance of health. A workshop was convened to assess evidence for the potential benefits of phytoestrogen-containing foods or supplements on diseases or conditions affecting older populations. Preclinical, clinical, and epidemiologic data on the cardiovascular system, various cancers, bone diseases, and menopausal symptoms were the focus of the discussions. Research on the basis of consumer food choices as well as a presentation from the FDA regarding approval of the use of soy foods to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease were also presented. Based on the information presented, isoflavone-containing soy foods may have favorable effects on the cardiovascular system, but major knowledge gaps still exist regarding effects ofphytoestrogen supplements on bone diseases, various cancers, menopausal symptoms, and cognitive function.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

"Adding pizzazz". A presentation skills workshop for healthcare practitioners.

Healthcare practitioners are often called upon to share their expertise with colleagues. Frequently, expert practitioners are asked to make presentations at patient support groups, professional rounds, workshops, meetings, and conferences. Often these expert practitioners have not had the opportunity to develop strong presentation skills. Consequently, many are reluctant to give presentations. When they do present, they often have difficulty communicating their ideas effectively. This article describes the creation of a presentation skills program for healthcare practitioners. Essential program content is identified as well as measures taken to make this an effective, economical, and popular training program.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Educational support during organizational transition: half-day workshops for nurses and leaders.

The integration of the Intensive Care Unit and Coronary Care Unit at the Brant Community Healthcare System (Brantford General Site) in Brantford, Ontario, Canada, was carefully planned. As part of the planning efforts, much attention was given to effective transition management. An educational program was designed to assist the nurses from these units to begin to disengage from old ways of planning and delivering care, provide support to help them through the period of uncertainty (neutral zone) associated with this type of transition, and help them adapt to the new realities that the integrated Critical Care Unit demanded. This article describes the workshops designed to assist nurses and leaders through this transition.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Creation of a geriatric workshop for nursing assistants and patient-care associates.

This article explores the development of a geriatric workshop to enhance the knowledge base of patient-care associates and nursing assistants to promote optimal geriatric nursing care. The unlicensed support staff plays an integral role in delivering a large percentage of nursing care. Therefore, it is essential to cultivate and foster their knowledge and skills, so that the older adult population will receive exemplary care.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Establishing priorities in neurofibromatosis research: a workshop summary.

Progress in understanding the biology of the neurofibromatoses (NF1 and NF2) offers hope for the development of new, effective methods of treatment. In May 2000, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) hosted a workshop that included leading researchers and clinicians from the NF community. The goal of the meeting was to assess current knowledge and identify priorities for future research. Needs identified included the development of better animal models, further study of the function of the NF1 and NF2 genes, and investigation of the role of modifier genes. The participants agreed that it will also be important to define further the natural history of NF1 and NF2 and to develop an infrastructure to support clinical trials. They also discussed the possible creation of research consortia and NF centers to promote the integration of basic and clinical research.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

G x E: a NIAAA workshop on gene-environment interactions.

The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) sponsored a May 2002 workshop on gene-environment interaction (G x E) research to identify potential roadblocks to further research and to propose solutions to those roadblocks, to optimize investigative opportunities and multidisciplinary or multi-institution collaborations, and to explore ways that NIAAA can facilitate G x E studies. Sessions included panels on animal models; phenotypes; genetic findings in humans; study designs and analytical methods; and assessment of environmental risk. Key among the identified challenges to progress in G x E research were issues of study design and sampling strategies; logistic and methodological costs and constraints; availability and understanding of data analysis techniques; potential stigmatization of study populations; and organizational/bureaucratic structures that are inadequate to address the unique needs of large-scale, multicenter, longitudinal projects. Participants proposed a series of recommendations to address these issues. Session coordinators included: Gayle Boyd, Kendall Bryant, Page Chiapella, Vivian Faden, David Goldman, and Antonio Noronha. Session participants included: Laura Almasy, Henri Begleiter, Raul Caetano, Bruce Dudek, Mary Dufour, Cindy Ehlers, Mary-Anne Enoch, Joel Gelernter, David Goldman, Bridget Grant, Lorraine Gunzerath, Deborah Hasin, Andrew Heath, Victor Hesselbrock, J. Dee Higley, Shirley Hill, Kerry Jang, Raynard S. Kington, Rick Kittles, George Koob, Kenneth Leonard, Ting-Kai Li, Jeffrey Long, William McBride, Matthew McGue, Kathleen Merikangas, Tamara Phillips, Bernice Porjesz, Carol Prescott, Theodore Reich, John Rice, Richard Rose, Charmaine Royal, Arnold Sameroff, Marc Schuckit, Kenneth Sher, Renee Sieving, Robert Taylor, Michael Windle, and Robert Zucker.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed2007

Endpoints and regulatory issues in HIV vaccine clinical trials: lessons from a workshop.

A successful HIV vaccine would have a substantial impact on acquisition of infection, progression of disease among the infected, or infectiousness of the infected. Current vaccine candidates are anticipated to have their major effect on viremia, however, with the expectation that this would induce or be concordant with a reduced rate of AIDS, death, or infectiousness. Although direct assessment of disease progression or infectiousness may be impractical, available potential surrogates for these endpoints may be misleading. This article summarizes the proceedings of a National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease-sponsored workshop to explore the use of surrogate endpoints for licensure of an HIV vaccine. Early, medium, and late endpoints were discussed, along with challenges such as surrogate validity, the confounding effect of antiretroviral therapy initiation, and potential selection bias in the vaccine and placebo recipients who become infected. Results from 5 hypothetic HIV vaccine clinical trials with ambiguously successful results were presented to an expert panel for interpretation and discussion of next steps. Key recommendations included assessing magnitude and durability of surrogate effects, generalization across populations, and directed improvement of vaccines. Use of acquisition and a postinfection surrogate as coprimary endpoints was supported, along with use of composite endpoints and exploration of heterogeneity in vaccine efficacy by characteristics of the host and virus.

AIDS Vaccines↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neuropsychiatric inventory workshop: behavioral and psychologic symptoms of dementia in Asia.

The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was introduced in 1994 and has since become a standard instrument for clinical trials and other types of behavioral research in dementing disorders. Its reliability and validity have been confirmed. The NPI was the subject of a workshop in Asia in conjunction with the International Workgroup on Dementia Drug Guidelines (IWG). Investigators using the NPI from 4 Asian areas--Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan, Thailand--presented conclusions from their research. A high prevalence of behavioral disturbances across Asian countries was found and the rates are similar to those observed in Western countries. Apathy is more difficult to detect and characterize in Asian populations. Neurobiologic studies show an excess of some serotonin receptor gene polymorphisms in patients without behavioral disturbances and positron emission tomography reveals reductions in frontal lobe metabolism in patients manifesting depression as measured by the NPI. Studies in Thailand show relationships among verbal fluency, activities of daily living, and neuropsychiatric symptoms particularly agitation, apathy, and disinhibition. This suggests a triad of symptoms of behavioral abnormalities, executive dysfunction, and abnormalities of activities of daily living that impugn frontal lobe function. The NPI is a reliable and useful instrument to characterize behavioral changes in Asian and Western populations.

Asia↗
PubMed2006

SPINE workshop on automated X-ray analysis: a progress report.

The Structural Proteomics In Europe (SPINE) consortium contained a workpackage to address the automated X-ray analysis of macromolecules. The aim of this workpackage was to increase the throughput of three-dimensional structures while maintaining the high quality of conventional analyses. SPINE was able to bring together developers of software with users from the partner laboratories. Here, the results of a workshop organized by the consortium to evaluate software developed in the member laboratories against a set of bacterial targets are described. The major emphasis was on molecular-replacement suites, where automation was most advanced. Data processing and analysis, use of experimental phases and model construction were also addressed, albeit at a lower level.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

BCI meeting 2005--workshop on technology: hardware and software.

This paper describes the outcome of discussions held during the Third International BCI Meeting at a workshop to review and evaluate the current state of BCI-related hardware and software. Technical requirements and current technologies, standardization procedures and future trends are covered. The main conclusion was recognition of the need to focus technical requirements on the users' needs and the need for consistent standards in BCI research.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

BCI Meeting 2005--workshop on clinical issues and applications.

This paper describes the outcome of discussions held during the Third International BCI Meeting at a workshop charged with reviewing and evaluating the current state of and issues relevant to brain-computer interface (BCI) clinical applications. These include potential BCI users, applications, validation, getting BCIs to users, role of government and industry, plasticity, and ethics.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

BCI Meeting 2005--workshop on BCI signal processing: feature extraction and translation.

This paper describes the outcome of discussions held during the Third International BCI Meeting at a workshop charged with reviewing and evaluating the current state of and issues relevant to brain-computer interface (BCI) feature extraction and translation. The issues discussed include a taxonomy of methods and applications, time-frequency spatial analysis, optimization schemes, the role of insight in analysis, adaptation, and methods for quantifying BCI feedback.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1987

Morphogenesis and malformations of the skin NICHD/NIADDK research workshop.

Developmentally caused skin malformations constitute a spectrum of birth defects, some of which can be recognized prenatally by morphologic or biochemical means. The number of prenatally diagnosable skin diseases could be greatly expanded with an increased understanding of the molecular and cellular bases of skin development and the mechanisms that result in the generation of skin defects. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, therefore, sponsored a workshop that recommended basic biologic studies combined with clinical investigations of normal and abnormal cutaneous development set forth in this article. Investigations resulting from these research recommendations are intended to contribute to the knowledge that should aid in the prevention of developmentally caused skin deformities.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed2004

Defining susceptibility for microbial risk assessment: results of a workshop.

An interdisciplinary workshop was convened by the George Washington University in June 2001 to discuss how to incorporate new knowledge about susceptibility to microbial pathogens into risk assessment and management strategies. Experts from government, academic, and private sector organizations discussed definitions, methods, data needs, and issues related to susceptibility in microbial risk assessment. The participants agreed that modeling approaches need to account for the highly specific nature of host-pathogen relationships, and the wide variability of infectivity, immunity, disease transmission, and outcome rates within microbial species and strains. Concerns were raised about distinguishing between exposure and dose more clearly, interpreting experimental and outbreak data correctly, and using thresholds and possibly linearity at low doses. Recommendations were made to advance microbial risk assessment by defining specific terms and concepts more precisely, designing explicit conceptual frameworks to guide development of more complex models and data collection, addressing susceptibility in all steps of the model, measuring components of immunity to characterize susceptibility, reexamining underlying assumptions, applying default methods appropriately, obtaining more mechanistic data to improve default methods, and developing more biologically relevant and continuous risk estimators. The interrelated impacts of selecting specific subpopulations and health outcomes, and of increasing model complexity and data demands, were considered in the contexts of public policy goals and resources required. The participants stated that zero risk is unattainable, so targeted and effective risk reduction and communication strategies are essential not only to raise pubic awareness about water quality but also to protect the most susceptible members of the population.

Epidemiologic Factors↗
PubMed1989

Joint report of the Third International Bovine Lymphocyte Antigen (BoLA) Workshop, Helsinki, Finland, 27 July 1986.

Two hundred and eighty-two alloantisera were submitted by 20 participating laboratories from 13 countries and tested against lymphocytes of 1298 cattle. The cell panel consisted of samples from 38 Bos taurus breeds, 11 Bos taurus crossbreeds, 4 Bos indicus breeds, 6 Bos taurus x Bos indicus, and a variety of other crossbred populations. Using a standardized lymphocytotoxicity test, all 17 previously identified BoLA specificities were confirmed. The workshop produced agreement on 16 new lymphocyte alloantigenic specificities. Three of the new specificities behaved as splits of previously identified BoLA specificities. Four of the new specificities behaved as alleles at the agreed BoLA-A locus. Seven new specificities are tentatively assigned to the BoLA-A locus but require further definition. Two new specificities may represent products of a second closely-linked BoLA locus.

Animals↗