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PubMed1995

Adapting a commercially available software program to improve ADR reporting.

To facilitate the long-term storage, retrieval, and analysis of adverse drug reaction (ADR) data, the drug information service at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio selected a computer software program with the capability to compile sets of relational databases. Five subsets were created to form the ADR database--patient demographics, medications, American Hospital Formulary Service classifications, adverse reactions, and case reports. This computerized system allows for quick information retrieval as well as the generation of monthly ADR reports. With such information, trends in ADRs can be identified and targeted for intervention programs to improve patient care and to comply with JCAHO requirements.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed2004

Advances in modeling of biomolecular interactions.

Modeling of molecular interactions is increasingly used in life science research and biotechnology development. Examples are computer aided drug design, prediction of protein interactions with other molecules, and simulation of networks of biomolecules in a particular process in human body. This article reviews recent progress in the related fields and provides a brief overview on the methods used in molecular modeling of biological systems.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study into nurses' awareness of the National Service Frameworks.

This study sought to demonstrate nurses' awareness of the National Service Frameworks (NSFs), which began in 1999, and are an important part of the Government's modernization strategy for the NHS. A questionnaire was sent, in 2002, to a systematic random sample of 228 nurses. The results were analysed for descriptive and comparative statistics using the computer software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), and the nurses questioned showed a low to moderate level of awareness. A quarter of nurses had not heard of the NSFs before receiving the questionnaire, and of those who had, only half had tried to find out more information. Despite high readership of nursing journals and good internet use, nurses did not think it was their responsibility to use such sources to find out about the NSFs, considering rather that management should provide study days and workplace teaching. While this outlook may be at odds with the concepts of lifelong learning and professional responsibilities as outlined by the Nursing and Midwifery Council, it is suggested that formal mechanisms of dissemination of reforms need to be implemented if nurses are to participate fully in them.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2004

Association of atopic dermatitis with primary hereditary ichthyoses.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to find out the association of atopic dermatitis and other atopic features with primary hereditary ichthyosis (PHI) among Saudi patients in King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: From the out-patient Department of Dermatology logbooks, all Saudi patients with clinically and histopathologically confirmed PHI seen between January 1990 and December 1995 were included in this study. Clinical findings regarding the atopic manifestations of PHI were extracted into data collection forms and computer-analyzed, using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. RESULTS: Over a 6-year study period, 10,455 new patients were seen in our Dermatology Clinics. Of these, 61 had PHI, there were 37 males and 24 females with a ratio of 1.5:1. Atopic dermatitis (AD), diagnosed according to Hanifin and Rajka criteria, was found in 7 (11.5%) patients of PHI; 5 of which were ichthyosis vulgaris and 2 with x-linked recessive ichthyosis. Isolated features of atopy were observed in the form of pruritus 49 (80%), elevated immunoglobulin E 27 (44.3%), dandruff 24 (39%), keratosis pilaris (KP) 15 (25%) and asthma 3 (5%). CONCLUSION: In the present study, there was an 11.5% association between AD and PHI. However, isolated features of atopy were found in PHI in variable proportions ranging from 5-80%.

Age Distribution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parasitic gut flora in a north Indian population with gastrointestinal symptoms.

Intestinal parasitosis is a major health problem in India. More than 3000 million people have one or more parasites in their gut at any given time. There have been various studies in India to elucidate the prevalence rate of intestinal parasitosis in health and disease. In present study, data from 8000 stool samples examined over a period of 4 years from April 1984 to March 1988 at All India Institute of Medical Sciences was processed and analysed in a computer. Of the 8000 samples screened more than 25% were positive for one or more parasites. Females predominated over males and the most affected age group was 20-29 years in both sexes. Pain abdomen was the leading clinical manifestation. Of the parasite positive samples 54.19% had one parasite, 26.05% two, 14.61% three, 4.40% four and 0.74% had five or more intestinal parasites. Amongst the various pathogenic protozoan parasites, Giardia lamblia was most frequently encountered, while hookworm was the commonest amongst helminthic parasites. The non-pathogenic protozoan parasites E. nana and E. coli were the most frequent in all groups.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multidisciplinary research of multimodal stimulation of premature infants: an integrated review of the literature.

PURPOSE: To review and integrate current multidisciplinary research literature about multiple sensory stimulation of premature infants. SOURCES: Computer search using CINAHL, MEDLINE, PSYLIT, SOCIAL SCIENCE INDEX and the topics "premature," "infant," "neonate," and "stimulation." Review of the results of the research and integration of findings for nursing. RESULTS: Overall, infants responded positively to the interventions reviewed, including immediate and long-term effects, some up to 2 years. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nursing research of multiple sensory stimulation of premature infants can be improved by the use of (a) a theoretical base for research, (b) better descriptions of the infant samples and the environmental context of the research, and (c) individualization of infant stimulation to permit conservation of epigenetic integrity of the infant.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Computer simulations of histologic patterns in melanoma using a cellular automaton provide correlations with prognosis.

Computer simulations have been used frequently in the life sciences to investigate the mechanisms of morphologic pattern formation. The cellular automaton program SMN5 is designed to simulate tumor growth and to estimate biologic properties by comparing real tumor patterns with computer-simulated reference patterns. This method was applied to 195 cases of primary melanoma of the skin. S-100-stained sections were evaluated by image analysis and compared statistically to a reference set of 4000 simulated patterns. Estimates of tumor cell proliferation, motility, cell loss, cohesion, stroma destruction, and intercellular signals (autocrine and paracrine factors affecting growth, motility, and cell loss) were calculated. Twelve of 18 estimated parameters correlated significantly with tumor progression, as indicated by vertical tumor thickness (linear regression analysis: p < or = 0.05), and 13 of 18 parameters carried prognostic significance (log rank test: p < or = 0.05). Poor prognosis was associated particularly with a pronounced increase in the estimates of proliferation, tumor cell motility, and stromal degradation. Poor prognosis was also associated with a decrease in the estimates of cell loss, tumor cell cohesion, and paracrine growth factor dependence. In multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional hazard model, stromal degradation and motility showed prognostic information in addition to conventional prognostic parameters. The study shows that analytical comparison of real tumors with computer-simulated patterns of a cellular automaton facilitates a functional interpretation of tumor morphology, which carries prognostic significance in cutaneous melanoma.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2000

Providing health information to the general public: a survey of current practices in academic health sciences libraries.

A questionnaire was mailed to 148 publicly and privately supported academic health sciences libraries affiliated with Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC-accredited medical schools in the United States and Canada to determine level of access and services provided to the general public. For purposes of this study, "general public" was defined as nonaffiliated students or health care professionals, attorneys and other nonhealth-related professionals, patients from affiliated or other hospitals or clinics, and general consumers. One hundred five (71%) libraries responded. Results showed 98% of publicly supported libraries and 88% of privately supported libraries provided access to some or all of the general public. Publicly supported libraries saw greater numbers of public patrons, often provided more services, and were more likely to circulate materials from their collections than were privately supported libraries. A significant number of academic health sciences libraries housed a collection of consumer-oriented materials and many provided some level of document delivery service, usually for a fee. Most allowed the public to use some or all library computers. Results of this study indicated that academic health sciences libraries played a significant role in serving the information-seeking public and suggested a need to develop written policies or guidelines covering the services that will be provided to minimize the impact of this service on primary clientele.

Community Participation↗
PubMed2002

Communication in science.

Science must have a common language. For centuries, Latin language carried out this job, but the progress in computer technology and internet world through the last 20 years, began to produce a new language with the new century; the computer language. The information masses, which need data language standardization, are the followings; Digital libraries and medical education systems, Consumer health informatics, Medical education systems, World Wide Web Applications, Database systems, Medical language processing, Automatic indexing systems, Image processing units, Telemedicine, New Generation Internet (NGI).

Communication↗
PubMed2000

Computer-aided surgical reduction of facial fractures.

The successful surgical treatment of facial fractures is based primarily on the spatial judgment of the surgeon, who may utilize occlusal and skeletal relationships to confirm adequacy of the reduction. Although computed tomography (CT) scans are helpful visual representations of the fractures, they cannot be used directly to guide the reduction. Currently the surgeon may extract an approximate measurement of displacement or defect size from a CT scan, but intraoperatively he must reduce a fracture or place an implant based on his best guess, using adjacent normal skeleton as landmarks. Computer-aided surgery (CAS) can be used to bridge the discontinuity between preoperative CT scan images and intraoperative facial fracture reduction. This article summarizes our experience with CAS applications in the treatment of facial fractures.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1998

Augmented reality and its future in orthopaedics.

Augmented reality is a display technique that combines supplemental information with the real world environment. Augmented reality systems are on the verge of being used everyday in medical training, preoperative planning, preoperative and intraoperative data visualization, and intraoperative tool guidance. The basic technologies of augmented reality are discussed, augmented reality systems currently being used in the medical domain are examined, and some future uses of these systems in orthopaedic applications are explored.

Bone and Bones↗