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At least 1,351 records · Page 75Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Foveal dysfunction and central visual field loss in glaucoma.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether foveal function distal to the ganglion cell layer is an independent predictor of central visual field function in glaucoma. SETTING: University affiliated hospital and private practice. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-seven eyes (27 patients) with normal-pressure glaucoma, 10 eyes (10 patients) with primary open-angle glaucoma, and 47 eyes of 47 matched normal volunteers. INTERVENTION AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Foveal cone electroretinogram (ERG) amplitude, relative optic cup to disc area and their relations to Humphrey full-threshold 30-2 visual field central 4-point mean total deviation (C4MTD) and pattern deviation (C4MPD). RESULTS: Foveal cone ERG amplitude was subnormal in 14 (37.8%) of the 37 glaucomatous eyes and lower in the glaucoma group compared with normal eyes (P<.01). The C4MTD and C4MPD were lower in glaucomatous eyes with subnormal amplitudes compared with those with normal amplitudes (P<.01 and P<.05, respectively). Amplitude was directly correlated with C4MTD (P<.01) and C4MPD (P<.01). Relative optic cup to disc area was inversely correlated with C4MTD (P<.001) and C4MPD (P<.001). Partial correlation analysis revealed that amplitude and relative optic cup to disc area were independent predictors of C4MTD and C4MPD. CONCLUSION: Foveal function distal to the ganglion cell layer and optic disc cupping independently predict central visual field function in glaucoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Long-term effects of iterative diving on visual field, color vision and contrast sensitivity in professional divers].

PURPOSE: To assess long-term functional effects of iterative diving, we studied visual field, color vision, and contrast sensitivity in 21 French Navy professional divers and 21 controls. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective study investigated a population of 21 divers and 21 controls. All subjects were male. The inclusion criterion for divers was a total number of dives greater or equal to 1,000. Exclusion criteria for the two groups were glaucoma, ocular hypertension, smoking, and vasospastic risks. Additional exclusion criteria for controls were any history of diving practice and of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The visual field was examined with a Humphrey Central 30-2 threshold test. Moreover, we explored spatial contrast sensitivity using Metrovision Moniteur Ophtalmologique "STAT" program and color vision with desaturated 15 hue test. RESULTS: None of the divers had any loss of spatial contrast sensitivity. There was a high frequency of yellow-blue axis color vision defects (45.2%) in the diver group. Regarding visual field, corrected pattern standard deviation was significantly higher in divers (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that iterative diving may cause subclinical functional effects on vision. Further studies will be needed to determine the exact setting of this repercussion upon macula and/or the optic nerve.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Increment-threshold spectral sensitivity during saccadic eye movements in uniform visual field.

We measured increment-threshold spectral sensitivity functions during saccades, immediately after saccades and during fixation. A uniform white background field which covered observer's whole visual field prevented any retinal masking effects. Visual sensitivity was degraded during saccades or after saccades. The reduction in sensitivity depended upon the wavelength of the test stimulus. The spectral sensitivity function during fixation produced a broad smooth curve in the middle and long wavelength region, while saccades caused a prominent dip around 570 nm. This finding indicates that saccadic suppression, which cannot be attributed to retinal masking, has more effect on the achromatic channel than the chromatic channel. The role of central and retinal processes dealing with the perceptual clearness and stableness across saccades will be discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Peripheral visual field testing by automated kinetic perimetry in glaucoma.

The peripheral visual field was measured with a single kinetic target and the central 30 degrees with static stimuli in 600 eyes of 323 patients with glaucoma and patients suspected of having glaucoma using an automated perimeter (Fieldmaster 5000). The purpose of the study was to compare the additional information gained by the peripheral field testing against the time requirement for this extra procedure. An abnormal peripheral field supported the diagnosis suggested by a central abnormality in 131 eyes (21.8%), while a defect in the peripheral field provided the principal diagnostic information, when the central field was normal or equivocal, in 25 cases (4.2%). Peripheral field measurements accounted for approximately 28% of the total testing time.

Glaucoma↗
PubMed1985

Mapping the binocular visual field for a target embedded in a regular background.

The binocular functional visual-field, which is the area around the fixation point within which a target can be detected, was mapped, for two subjects, using a peripherally presented target in a regular background. The field boundaries were very irregular, there were regions of insensitivity within the field areas, and there were differences between the subjects. It was suggested that the irregular boundary and areas of insensitivity may have important implications for mathematical models of visual search. Individual visual-field characteristics may partly account for the difficulty experienced by some people in locating targets even after repeated scanning.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Experimental studies of locally generated focal VECP within the 30 degree visual field with LED].

Measuring and evaluating locally generated VECP present a chance to overcome methodical restriction in conventional subjective perimetry. To achieve this, stimuli are required which ensure the generation of detectable responses under controlled scattered light influence. The suitability of LED for this task was studied. LED stimuli (lambda = 560 nm) were moved in steps of 3 degrees from 0 degree to 30 degrees on the horizontal meridian within a perimeter sphere. The stimuli were 0.8 degree and 1.7 degrees in size, 20 ms in duration and 0.5 Hz in frequency. The background illumination was 10 cd/m2. A total 467 responses recorded from 20 volunteers (age 26 +/- 2) known to be free of any visual field defect have been evaluated. Using only one LED (size 0.8 degree) VECPs are detectable in the visual field < 9 degrees exclusively. An increase of stimuli size to 1.7 degrees made the generation of detectable VECP within the peripheral visual field possible. Statistical evaluation (sign test) proved significantly that VECP can be reliably elicited under LED stimulation. LED (lambda = 560 nm) are suitable for the generation of localized VECP in the visual field up to an eccentricity of 30 degrees.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Visual field loss with colored hydrogel lenses.

The visual fields of 10 healthy myopic patients were compared using hydrogel lenses with a clear pupil and an opaque colored portion covering the iris and clear hydrogel lenses. Significant (greater than 10 degrees) field loss was found in all cases when the midperipherally colored lenses were worn. Patients interested in these lenses should be advised of this slight reduction of peripheral vision before fitting.

Contact Lenses↗
PubMed1985

Visual field defects.

The detection and analysis of visual field defects allows the practitioner to examine some functions of the central nervous system at the bedside. Cerebrovascular accidents and temporal lobe tumours can be diagnosed easily, as can pituitary lesions.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed2003

Correlation among retinal thickness, optic disc, and visual field in glaucoma patients and suspects: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: To correlate losses of retinal thickness in the perifoveal area in glaucoma as measured by the Retinal Thickness Analyzer (Talia Technology Ltd, Israel) with optic nerve and visual field changes in glaucoma patients and suspects. METHODS: Observational case series of 55 consecutive patients from the Glaucoma Service who either presented with a diagnosis of glaucoma or were referred for evaluation of suspected glaucoma. The Retinal Thickness Analyzer (Talia Technology, Ltd.) was used to obtain retinal thickness maps. Retinal thickness analysis, visual field testing, and stereophotography of the optic nerve head were performed, and a glaucoma specialist who was masked to patient status and identity data randomly graded the level of severity of each parameter. Spearman rank correlations were used to assess the relationships among the three numerical measures. RESULTS: Retinal thickness losses correlated more strongly with severity of optic nerve head cupping (r = 0.75), whereas both of these measures correlated less strongly with the severity of visual field loss (r = 0.54). CONCLUSIONS: Retinal thickness measurements at the posterior pole provide another measure of neural loss in glaucoma, and may help in the clinical assessment of optic nerve cupping. However, there are limitations of the technology that must be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

M and P components of the VEP and their visual field distribution.

To study components related to parallel processing of information across the visual field, multi-focal pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded using binary m-sequences. Contrast, chromatic, spatial and temporal characteristics of the stimuli were varied in order to favor contributions from either M or P pathways. Responses were decomposed into two additive components whose behavior was consistent with that of M and P mechanisms. The results suggest that contributions to the VEP from the M pathway precede those from the P pathway, and that the ratio of P/M contributions decreases with eccentricity.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Quantitative assessment of structural damage in eyes with localized visual field abnormalities.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the pattern of structural damage in the macula and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and scanning laser polarimetry (SLP-VCC) in glaucomatous eyes with localized visual field defects. DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional analysis. METHODS: Complete examination, automated achromatic perimetry (AAP), Stratus OCT imaging (512 A-scans) of the peripapillary retina and macula, and SLP-VCC imaging of the peripapillary RNFL were performed. Thickness values in the retinal segments associated with the visual field defect (glaucomatous segments) were compared with corresponding segments across the horizontal raphe (nonglaucomatous segments) and age-matched normal controls. RESULTS: Forty eyes of 40 patients (20 normal, 20 glaucomatous) were enrolled (mean age, 71 +/- 10 years; range, 50 to 89). Mean RNFL thickness using SLP-VCC and OCT in the nonglaucomatous segments of glaucomatous eyes (54.0 +/- 9.7 microm, 64.7 +/- 19.0 microm) were significantly (P =.009, <0.0001) reduced compared with the thickness measurements in the corresponding segments of age-matched normal subjects (62.5 +/- 9.2 microm, 105.6 +/- 19.0 microm) respectively. No significant (P =.4) differences in the macular thickness measurements were observed between nonglaucomatous (239.0 +/- 19.4 microm) and normal segments (243.5 +/- 15.0 microm). Compared with age-matched controls, RNFL thickness in the nonglaucomatous segment was abnormal in 15 of 20 patients (75%) with SLP-VCC and in 18 of 20 patients (90%) with OCT. Macular thickness in the nonglaucomatous segment was abnormal in 11 of 20 patients (55%). CONCLUSIONS: Diffuse RNFL and retinal ganglion cell loss is present in eyes with localized visual field abnormalities. Detection of localized changes in macular thickness is limited by measurement overlap among normal and glaucomatous eyes.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Removal of occipital arteriovenous malformations with sparing of visual fields.

Two patients with occipital lobe arteriovenous malformation (AVM) underwent two-stage resection of their lesions. The intervals between operations were eight and 12 days. Prior to surgery, the patients had normal neuro-ophthalmologic examination results and both experienced a reversible homonymous hemianopsia after the initial, partial resection of the AVM. Frequent seizures with visual hallucinations developed in the early postoperative period, with gradual improvement of the visual field defect. The pattern and duration of visual disturbances and the nature of the visual field defects in each patient had similar characteristics. The second operation with complete resection of the AVMs left normal visual fields.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Automated visual field examination in children aged 5-8 years. Part II: Normative values.

We determined normative values for the visual sensitivity threshold in 118 children aged 5-8 years, using automated static perimetry (Octopus 2000R, program 32). In addition, 17 normal adults were tested. The children first underwent a familiarization procedure. One week later, quantitative examination was performed according to a specially designed schedule divided into three phases. For each of the 76 points tested, mean thresholds and standard deviations were calculated as a function of age. In contrast to previous studies, sensitivity difference between adults and children over the central 30 degrees of the visual field emerged only for the youngest age groups (5- and 6-year olds). Both the response rate in false-negative trials, and values of a within-subject threshold variability index, suggested that 5- and 6-year-olds' higher thresholds were inflated by non physiological factors, such as vigilance and cognitive processes. For these ages, the data reported here should therefore be considered as an approximation of the upper level of the thresholds. In contrast, our results for 7- and 8 year-old children provided reliable normative values for light sensitivity across the visual field.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Visual field response to hypotension following oculopression (author's transl)].

The authors studied the visual fields in 100 healthy persons of different ages before and 10 min after oculopression. They found a depression of the I/2 isopter mostly in the nasal lower quarter of the visual field in persons over 60 years old, due to a disturbed or diminished vascular compensation of bulbus compression. They consider that oculopression might have clinical importance as an indirect provocation test of the cellular blood circulatory system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Particular clinical situations in the glaucoma patient. True or false deterioration of the visual field?].

Measurement errors, correction errors, head position errors, changes in strategy, fluctuations. There are many parameters influencing the results of visual field measurement. When in doubt, it is indispensable to repeat the examination before concluding that the results have deteriorated. In addition to the qualitative assessment, the analysis of global indices can pinpoint the degree of visual field deterioration.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1997

Grating acuity and visual-field development in children with intraventricular hemorrhage.

Visual development was studied in 171 preterm children who had intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and in 73 healthy preterm (HPT) children who did not develop IVH. Binocular grating acuity was assessed at age 1 month; monocular grating acuity and binocular visual-field extent were assessed at 4, 8, 12, 17, 24, 30, 36, and 48 months; and monocular H, O, T, V letter recognition acuity was tested at 36 and 48 months. A significantly greater proportion of IVH subjects than HPT subjects had ocular abnormalities. IVH subjects had significantly poorer grating acuity than HPT subjects at 1, 4, 8, 36, and 48 months, poorer recognition acuity than HPT subjects at 36 and 48 months, and smaller average field extent than HPT subjects at 4, 12, and 17 months. Acuity deficits were not related to grade of IVH or to the presence of periventricular leukomalacia, but may have been associated with the presence of ocular abnormalities or cerebral palsy in some IVH subjects.

Case-Control Studies↗