Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Tooth Socket”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,351 records · Page 75Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

The effect on bone repair of aspirin cones placed in extraction sockets in dogs: a histopathologic study.

Four canines of eight 2-year-old dogs were extracted surgically, a mucoperiosteal flap being raised. A standardized pair of the post-extraction cavities were filled with three aspirin cones, the other pair being used as controls. The flaps were sutured with surgical gut. The dogs were killed at intervals of 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks; bone blocks including the cavities were resected and decalcified for histologic examination; serial sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosisin. Microscopic observation on 2 week samples showed an inflammatory response with granulation tissue in both experimental and control cavities with delayed bone apposition in cavities filled with aspirin cones. The 4, 6 and 8 week samples did not show any major difference between the experimental and control cavities. We observed a decrease in infiltrating of cells followed in both by a similarly increasing amount of fibrous tissue and bone remodeling. These results were due perhaps to the details of the experimental method as the suture allowed aspirin to stay in the cavities for only a short time (2--3 days), as occurs in clinical practice.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

1-Deamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin: a new pharmacological approach to the management of haemophilia and von Willebrands' diseases.

1-Deamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin (D.D.A.V.P.) infusion causes a marked increase in factor-VIII (antihaemophilic-factor)-related properties in patients with moderate and mild haemophilia and von Willebrand's disease (vWd). The possibility was therefore evaluated that such an autologous factor-VII response might be haemostatically effective, allowing patients to undergo surgery without plasma concentrates. 0.3 microng/kg of D.D.A.V.P. given before dental surgery and repeated in the early postoperative period was followed by a two to three fold rise in factor-VIII coagulant activity (VII C.A.) in four patients with moderate and mild haemophilia. In two, there was no abnormal bleeding after dental extraction, whereas plasma concentrates were necessary to control oozing from the sockets in the remaining two patients. A higher D.D.A.V.P. dosage (0.4-0.5 microng/kg) in patients with higherstarting VII C.A. (9% or more) was followed by a more marked response (four to six fold). VII C.A. levels up to 100% of average normal were achieved and dental extraction and major surgery (such as cholecystectomy, thoracotomy, and two tonsillectomies) were carried out successfullly in six patients with mild haemophilis and in two with vWd. The mean half-life of autologous VII C.A. was 9.4 h (range 7.5-11.6). Plasma and urine osmolality showed no consistent variation after drug administration. Thus D.D.A.V.P. appears a promision pharmacological alternative to plasma concentrates in the management of some patients with haemophilis and vWd.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Primary and secondary closure of the surgical wound after removal of impacted mandibular third molars: a comparative study.

Primary and secondary closure techniques after removal of impacted third molars were compared in terms of post-operative pain and swelling. Two hundred patients with impacted third molars were randomly divided into two groups of 100. Panoramic radiographs were taken to assess degree of eruption and angulation of third molars. Teeth were extracted, and in Group 1 the socket was closed by hermetically suturing the flap. In Group 2 a 5-6 mm wedge of mucosa adjacent to the second molar was removed to obtain secondary healing. Swelling and pain were evaluated for 7 days after surgery with the VAS scale. The statistical analysis (*analysis of variance for repeated measures, P < 0.05) showed that pain was greater in Group 1, although it decreased over time similarly in the two groups (P = 0.081, F(6,198) = 3.073*). Swelling was significantly worse in Group 1 (P < 0.001, F(6,198) = 44.30*). In Group 1, dehiscence of the mucosa was present in 33% of patients at day 7, and 2% showed signs of re-infection with suppurative alveolitis at 30 days. Pain and swelling were less severe with secondary healing than with primary healing.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Potential for load-induced cervical stress concentration as a function of periodontal support.

PURPOSE: The purpose was to determine, photoelastically, the locations of occlusal load-induced stress concentrations within a maxillary premolar as a function of degree of periodontal support. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Composite three-dimensional models of a maxillary first premolar were fabricated for quasi-three-dimensional photoelastic stress analysis. Individual materials were used to model enamel, dentin, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Three levels of periodontal support reduction (0%, 20%, 25%) were simulated by varying the socket depth. Vertical loads of 10 lb were applied to: (1) tip of buccal cusp, (2) tip of lingual cusp, and (3) center of occlusal surface. The resulting stresses were monitored and recorded photographically in the field of a circular polariscope arrangement. RESULTS: Cuspal loading concentrated stress around the cervical region below the loaded cusp, being highest under buccal cusp loading. The location of the stress concentration shifted apically as periodontal support diminished. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Observed cervical stress concentration corresponded well to the common location of abfractions seen in clinical situations. Since the location of cervical stress concentration varied with occlusal conditions, occurrence of abfractions must be highly dependent upon each patient's occlusion. Periodontal support reduction shifted the location of highest stress away from the cementoenamel junction. Therefore, abfractions are less likely to occur on periodontally compromised teeth compared to stable teeth.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1989

Effect of tetracycline and SnF2 on root resorption in replanted incisors in dogs.

The present study was made to assess the effect of applying SnF2, tetracycline, or both, to root surfaces of extracted teeth prior to replantation. In five young adult beagles, a total of 18 mandibular incisors were extracted, bench dried for 45 min, and reimplanted in their respective sockets either after no further treatment or following treatment with 1% doxycycline HCl for 5 min, 1% SnF2 for 5 min, or 1% SnF2 followed by 1% doxycycline HCl. After 4 wk of healing, the relative frequency of root resorption (surface resorption, inflammatory resorption and replacement resorption) was approximately 27% of the root surface in bench-dried as well as in doxycycline-treated specimens. By contrast, SnF2-treated and SnF2 + doxycycline-treated teeth showed less than 1% resorption. In the latter two specimen groups an inflammatory reaction in the periodontal ligament without resorption occurred with a frequency of 38.3% and 11.1%, respectively. The results indicate that application of SnF2 to the root surface prior to replantation effectively reduces resorptive processes during the first postoperative weeks. By subsequently treating the root surface with tetracycline, the adverse effect of SnF2 on periodontal connective tissue repair may be reduced.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Guided bone regeneration using resorbable and nonresorbable membranes: a comparative histologic study in humans.

Resorbable membranes of poly(lactic acid) and poly(glycolic acid) (PLA/PGA) were compared to nonresorbable expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) membranes in the treatment of defects around titanium dental implants placed in postextraction sockets. Two partially edentulous and three completely edentulous patients requiring implant-supported restorations participated. Sixteen Brånemark implants were placed into extraction sockets and covered with modified titanium cover screws, called harvest cover screws, which allow tissue biopsy at second-stage implant surgery. Seven defects were treated with PLA/PGA membranes, five were treated with e-PTFE membranes, and four were left untreated (control sites). After 6 months of healing, the harvest cover screws were retrieved and processed for light microscopy examination together with the regenerated tissues. Very little or no bone formation was detected in control specimens. The e-PTFE membranes were found to be the most effective barrier material, in that denser and a greater amount of regenerated bone was found. The PLA/PGA membranes produced some bone regeneration when compared to control sites, but to a lesser extent compared to e-PTFE sites.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effects of orthodontic forces and anti-inflammatory drugs on the mechanical strength of the periodontium in the rat mandibular first molar.

The mechanical strength of the periodontium was examined by extracting the rat mandibular first molar from its socket in the dissected jaw following application of orthodontic forces. Rubber elastic bands of increasing sizes were inserted between the first and the second molars and following injections of anti-inflammatory drugs, hydrocortisone and indomethacin for 7 days. Marked decreases of the mean ultimate loads to extract the teeth were found following application of the orthodontic forces. Increases of the ultimate loads were found following injections of hydrocortisone and indomethacin. The distances pulled to reach the ultimate loads which seem to represent the extensibility and elasticity of the periodontium correlated closely with the ultimate loads. The orthodontic forces applied were estimated to be about 0.7 kilograms at the end of the experimental period. It was suggested that the mechanical strength of the periodontium is maintained by the organization and constitution of the periodontal collagen fibers, and by the attachment of fibers to the bone, which could be affected by orthodontic forces and by anti-inflammatory drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Potentials for root resorption during periodontal wound healing.

The present study was undertaken to examine whether (1) the process of resorption, which invariably affects periodontitis involved reimplanted roots facing bone or gingival connective tissue during healing, is a transient phenomenon and, (2) root resorption can be prevented by permitting downgrowth of epithelium along the root surface. A total of 24 teeth in 2 monkeys (Macaca cynomolgus) was subjected to experimental periodontal tissue breakdown by the placement of elastic ligatures around the teeth. The ligatures were left in situ until about 50% of the supporting tissues had been lost. Following removal of the ligatures, the teeth were extracted and the denuded portions of the roots were scaled and planed. The crowns of the teeth were resected and the root canals filled with guttapercha. The roots were subsequently implanted into sockets prepared in the jaw bone in such a way that each root was embedded in bone except for a portion which was in contact with gingival connective tissue. 1 month prior to sacrifice of the animals, the cut surface of the coronal part of the roots was exposed by removal of the covering soft tissue. The epithelium was thereby allowed to migrate into the wound. Implantation of the roots was scheduled to provide healing periods of 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks before exposure of the roots. The histologic examination of the implant specimens disclosed that replacement resorption was a progressive process which eventually resulted in the elimination of the transplanted roots. It was possible to prevent root resorption in this model by permitting apical downgrowth of epithelium along the root surface during the initial phase of healing. The results are discussed in relation to procedures used in periodontal therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Short-term evaluation of intentional replantation of vertically fractured roots reconstructed with dentin-bonded resin.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate intentional replantation of vertically fractured roots reconstructed with dentin-bonded resin. Twenty vertically fractured teeth were extracted intentionally and reconstructed with 4-META/MMA-TBB dentin-bonded resin. After reconstruction, the teeth were replanted into the original sockets. The replanted teeth were evaluated by clinical criteria and radiographic examination. The observation periods ranged between 4 and 45 months. Longevity was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and factors that had significant influence on the longevity were analyzed with the Log rank test at a 95% level of confidence. From this short-term observation, 14 of 20 cases were functioned in the oral environment. Of these 14 cases, 6 could be considered truly successful and 8 cases needed further observation. The other six cases were total failures and were extracted. The longevity was calculated as 83.3% at 12 months and 36.3% at 24 months. Teeth with thin roots or with longitudinal fractures extending over 2/3 of the root from the cervical portion toward the apex showed significantly lower longevity. It was concluded that this method had the potential to preserve vertically fractured teeth.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of different types of autotransplanted connective tissues as potential periodontal ligament substitutes. An experimental replantation study in monkeys.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate connective tissue autotransplants as potential periodontal ligament substitutes. Green Vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) were used. Maxillary permanent central incisors were extracted, root filled extraorally and the periodontal ligament removed from the root surface and the socket wall. Two circular cavities were prepared mesially and distally on the root surface. Different types of connective tissue autotransplants were then placed in these cavities, whereafter the teeth were replanted. The animals were sacrificed 8 weeks after replantation and the replanted teeth were examined histometrically. The connective tissue autotransplants were then examined for their capability of preventing root resorption or inducing or forming a new periodontal ligament, including periodontal fibers and cementum. Autotransplanted cutaneous and mucosal connective tissue as well as periosteum and fascia were all found to partially prevent ankylosis by forming a fibrous barrier between the root surface and the alveolus. However, no new cementum was formed. Periodontal ligament transplants, dental follicular tissue and possibly gingival connective tissue were the only tissues capable of both preventing ankylosis and forming a hard tissue on the surface of the cavity with a morphology similar to cementum. It is concluded that cementogenesis requires a highly specialized connective tissue. In this experiment, only odontogenic tissues had this capacity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vertical ridge augmentation using polylactic membranes in conjunction with immediate implants in periodontally compromised extraction sites: an experimental study in dogs.

Polylactic membranes were evaluated for vertical ridge augmentation around immediate implants in periodontally compromised extraction sites. Ligature-induced periodontitis was produced in 10 adult beagle dogs. The periodontium was allowed to heal for 6 weeks. All premolar teeth were extracted and three implants were placed immediately into the extraction sockets on either side of the mandible so that the polished cone extended above the alveolar bone level. On one side of the mandible, the implants were covered with a 0.2-mm-thick polylactic membrane (DL-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate in a ratio of 7:3). Histologic and morphometric analyses performed after 3 and 5 months revealed that the membrane group did not exhibit significantly greater bone-implant contact than the controls. The occurrence of dehiscences correlated significantly with use of the membrane. Use of the membrane was associated with significantly less peri-implant bone height after 5 months. No remnants of the membrane material could be identified after 3 or 5 months, indicating rapid resorption during the first weeks of implantation. The tested membrane material did not fulfill the requirements of resorption kinetics and space maintenance for guided bone regeneration in vertical ridge augmentation.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2005

Clinical and histologic analysis of calcium sulfate in treatment of a post-extraction defect: a case report.

We report a case of a postextraction maxillary buccal dehiscence grafted with calcium sulfate to insert a dental implant. The clinical results were supported by histologic analysis of two specimens collected in the healed socket to better understand the biologic effects of calcium sulfate. A 42-year-old white female presented with an almost totally edentulous maxillary right arch with a wide postextraction defect in the canine region. Calcium sulfate mixed with sterile saline solution to a putty-like consistency was packed into the defect, and four dental implants were placed in the edentulous ridge. On re-entry, a dental implant and small amounts of calcium sulfate were placed in the grafted site. After 5 months, a specimen of the region implanted with calcium sulfate was retrieved for histologic evaluation. On surgical re-entry, a complete filling of the defect with mature, dense, newly formed bone occurred. Complete resorption of the grafted material and its substitution with newly formed bone tissue were confirmed by histologic analysis. All of the implants appeared to be osseointegrated successfully, and the patient was provided with a fixed implant-supported prosthesis. Calcium sulfate represents an aid in bone regeneration procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Freeze-dried dura mater for guided tissue regeneration in post-extraction dental implants: a clinical and histologic study.

Soft membranes were used in 69 patients for bone regeneration around implants (blades and screws, submerged and non-submerged) placed into extraction sockets. In about 10% of the patients a prosthetic restoration was completed immediately, while in the remaining patients the prostheses were connected after a healing period of 3 to 6 months; follow-up ranged from 6 to 30 months. In 22 patients a re-entry procedure was done to evaluate the membrane and in 4 patients a bone biopsy was taken from 3 to 6 months after the placement of the membrane. In all cases the peri-implant tissues appeared clinically healthy and it was possible to see radiographically that the newly formed bone closely adapted to the implants. In most cases it was possible at 6 months re-entry to see the membrane and detach it from the underlying tissues. There was a partial dehiscence of the membrane in only 4% of the cases. After 3 months the tissue under the membrane presented macroscopical features similar to mature bone, and bone biopsies in all cases showed a spongious lamellar bone with a high level of activity and a wide band of osteoid tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Sinus polyp-associated soft tissue lesion and unilateral blindness: complications of extraction in leukemic patient.

A case of an inflammatory polyp-associated lesion extending through an extraction socket appearing as an intraoral nodular lesion and unilateral blindness secondary to leukemic optic nerve head infiltration is reported. The patient was a 28-year-old male whose his upper first molar had been extracted fifteen days previously. The lesion was an asymptomatic soft tissue mass, red in color and hot tender to palpation, involving the alveolar ridge in the maxillary molar area. Although this is apparently a rare occurrence, the nature of the lesion was suggested by the history, clinical appearance, and radiographic findings. Excision of the inflammatory lesion was followed by complete healing with closure of the lesion. Unfortunately, the blindness was irreversible. The patient is still under leukemia therapy. Review of the literature did not yield any other such cases. The role of oral lesions as a diagnostic indicator and the importance of dental surgeons in the diagnosis of leukemic patients are discussed. It is concluded that proper precautions and meticulous early diagnosis are required in these patients and that dental practitioners should be aware of the diagnostic features and possibilities of oral complications associated with leukemia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tissue regeneration in bony defects adjacent to immediately loaded titanium implants placed into extraction sockets: a study in dogs.

In this study of six greyhound mandibles, 24 implants were placed into extraction sockets. Eighteen of the implants were connected with abutments and immediately placed into normal function, and the remaining six submerged implants served as controls. At placement, dehiscence areas were created adjacent to 12 of the implants to study bone regeneration in extended membrane-protected defects. Six of the defects were covered with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membranes, and six of the defects were augmented with autologous bone grafts and covered with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene material. The clinical and radiographic evaluations demonstrated that all implants achieved functional osseointegration and no implants were lost. Implant sites where membranes were used to regenerate bone over dehiscence defects demonstrated a high rate of membrane exposure and variable response to treatment. On completion of the study at 16 weeks, histomorphometric analysis demonstrated osseointegration with direct bone-to-implant contact for all implants, although the percentage of contact varied considerably. Histomorphometry indicates that the quality of osseointegration may be less favorable than the clinical and radiographic result would suggest.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2006

Plasminogen activators and inhibitor type-1 in alveolar osteitis.

Alveolar osteitis (AO) is characterized by excess fibrinolysis, leading to early dissociation of the clot that normally follows tooth extraction. Nonetheless, scarce information is available on the fibrinolytic system in AO. In this study, we report on the differential composition of postextraction wound healing tissue and of peri-alveolar gingival epithelium from normal healing and AO patients in terms of plasminogen activators, plasminogen activator inhibitor-type 1, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor. Plasminogen activators were studied by overlay zymography, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Plasminogen activator inhibitor-type 1 and urokinase receptor were measured by ELISA. In AO, the fibrinolytic activity of wound healing tissue was accounted for by an increase ( approximately 85%) of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, whereas tissue-type plasminogen activator was unchanged. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-type 1 showed a 6.7-fold increase in AO. These results point to key roles of urokinase in AO hyper-fibrinolysis and of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 in slowing down the healing response. Peri-alveolar gingival epithelium in AO showed an overall decrease of all the components of the fibrinolytic system, including the urokinase receptor, which indicates a decrease of the migration properties of epithelial cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The osteogenic activity of bone removed from healing extraction sockets in humans.

Cores of bone from healing extraction sites were studied at time intervals of 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 16 weeks. The results revealed that between 4 and 8 weeks proliferation of cellular and connective tissue elements occur within the healing socket. Islands of new bone with an osteoid seam surrounded by osteoblasts are present within the connective tissue. From 8 to 12 weeks the bone undergoes maturation and forms a trabecular pattern. Although less pronounced, and osteoid seam is still present and osteoblasts occur in fewer numbers. By 12 to 16 weeks the bony trabeculae are mature with very little osteoid and few osteoblasts. This bone resembles alveolar trabecular bone. Two phases of bony regeneration are apparent from the present study. From 4 to 8 weeks there is a progressive osteogenic phase with proliferation of osteogenic cells and immature bone formation. From 8 to 12 weeks the osteogenesis slows down and the trabeculae mature and increase in volume. From 12 to 16 weeks the bone appears to stabilize with an established alveolar trabecular bone being present. Very little osteogenesis occurs as evidenced by minimal or no osteoid seam with only occasional osteoblasts. It is apparent that in the period between 8 and 12 weeks a substantial quantity of relatively mature well formed bone is present which contains osteoblasts and an osteoid seam. This appears to be an optimal time period to secure bone from a healing extraction site for grafting purposes.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1994

Immediate implant placement using a biodegradable barrier, polyhydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate reinforced with polyglactin 910. An experimental study in dogs.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a biodegradable membrane of polyhydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate copolymer reinforced with polyglactin 910 fibers, as an occlusive barrier over implants placed into fresh extraction sockets. Ten dogs had the 3rd and 4th mandibular premolars extracted bilaterally. Each dog had 4 Astra Dental Implants placed directly into the fresh extraction sockets. The top of the fixtures was placed at the same level as the top of the buccal cortical bone. The two implants in the right side were covered with the hydrolyzable polyester material (polyhydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate reinforced with polyglactin 910 fibers; PHB-HV/PG), and the 2 implants in the left side were controls without occlusive membranes. Soft tissue dehiscences were registered for half of the implants in the test side but were not noted in the control side. The histomorphological measurements after 12 weeks showed that the mean distance from the top of the fixtures to the first bone-to-implant contact was significantly greater than for the control side. The membrane-covered implants without dehiscences showed also significantly less bone fill compared with the control side. Inflammatory cell infiltrates were seen adjacent to all PHB-HV/PG membranes, and frequently the membrane material was surrounded by a fibrous tissue capsule. The polyester membranes used in this study interfered with the marginal bone healing adjacent to the immediately placed implants. An increased inflammatory reaction and significantly less marginal bone healing was registered in the membrane side compared with the control side.

Animals↗