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PubMedDate not supplied

Early radiographic diagnosis of inflammatory root resorption.

Inflammatory root resorption (IRR) is a common sequelae to oral trauma. Anticipating root resorption after trauma and taking some preventive measures may avoid this outcome. Endodontics and radiographic examination play an important role in the early diagnosis and treatment of root resorption. Subtle radiographic clues can lead to timely implementation of appropriate treatment (if any) according to the kind of resorption discovered. This article describes the most current classification of inflammatory root resorption (usually following trauma) and utilizes a clinical study to provide radiographic clues for its early detection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Dentoalveolar traumatology].

The dentist will be confronted unexpectedly with a dentoalveolar trauma patient. This patient has to be seen immediately and has to be treated adequately. The risk of overlooking trauma-related signs when examining these patients, can be minimized by following a strict protocol. This article describes a protocol for examination and treatment of a patient with a dentoalveolar trauma. The prognosis after treatment of the trauma is discussed. Also some recommendations regarding aftercare and prevention are presented.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2001

Root resorption in elderly patients.

Root resorption in permanent teeth is a frequently observed pathology that may originate in various causes. Life expectancy is progressively rising, odontological preventive care is becoming more widespread and professionals are educating their patients in the importance of preventive practices. Because senior citizens are thus losing fewer teeth prematurely they will be conversely more at risk for dental problems later in life. The knowledge of the alterations that may appear in the roots of geriatric patients is particularly relevant to devising therapy and establishing prognosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the nature and magnitude of the histologic and histomorphometric features of root resorption and the eventual possibility of repair in elderly people. Seventy-seven uniradicular teeth of patients aged between 65 and 90 years and 18 premolars of patients aged between 14 and 20 years, were removed, fixed in 90% formalin, decalcified in EDTA and embedded in paraffin. Vestibulo-lingual sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and employed to perform histological and histomorphometric studies. The results showed that 30% of the teeth of younger patients and 94% of the teeth of elderly patients exhibited areas of root resorption. From the 416 resorptive areas found in elderly patients, 173 exhibited signs of repair being the volume/surface ratio of these areas 0.69 +/- 0.06. These data show that root resorption is a frequent finding in the older population under study. Resorptions are characterized by scarce depth, large areas and a high incidence of repair despite the old age of the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The genetic contribution to orthodontic root resorption: a retrospective twin study.

BACKGROUND: One of the difficulties in assessing the causes of root resorption is to separate the contribution made by genetic factors from those due to environmental factors, such as treatment. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic contribution to orthodontic root resorption. METHODS: The subjects of this investigation were 16 monozygotic (MZ) and 10 dizygotic (DZ) twins. All twins had zygosity diagnosed using microsatellite analysis. Each twin-pair had same type of malocclusion, were treated with the same type of appliance, and by the same clinician. The lengths of the maxillary incisors, mandibular incisors, and mandibular molars were assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively, on pre- and post-treatment panoramic films. The genetic contribution to external apical root resorption was assessed using concordance and heritability estimates. RESULTS: Concordance estimates from the qualitatively and quantitatively measured external apical root resorption were 44.9 per cent and 49.2 per cent respectively for the MZ twins, and 24.7 per cent and 28.3 per cent respectively for DZ twins. An overall heritability estimate of 0.34 was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: External apical root resorption was not dependent on the pretreatment root length. Qualitatively and quantitatively determined estimates of concordance indicate a genetic component to root resorption. A larger sample is needed before models of heritability can be used to determine the components contributing to the variance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Vascular pathways within pulpal tissue of human primary teeth.

The vascular distribution within pulps of human primary teeth has not been as well studied as those within human permanent teeth. Such information is useful to those who diagnose and treat dental conditions in children. The purpose of this study was to determine the architecture of the vascular structures, in contrast to the histological appearances, of noncarious human primary teeth during root completion, root resorption and dental caries attack. Following extraction, primary teeth were perfused with an opaque injection mass and photographed to trace the courses of the arterioles, venules and capillaries within the crowns and roots. The architectural morphology of similar vascular structures in permanent pulps are included to provide a comparative reference. Arterioles entered the apical foramina and traveled throughout the root canal(s) to the pulpal chamber, giving off branches which passed toward the dentinal walls. Within the pulpal chamber, the arterioles passed toward the occlusal and proximal surfaces and arborized profusely to form a subodontoblastic plexus of capillaries. The capillaries lead to larger diameter venules, which exited the pulp through apical foramina. Many unusual vascular pathways existed within the root structure. No communication existed between the pulp chamber and periodontal membrane through the furcation dentin and cementum. Many lateral canals were seen along the root structures.

Child↗
PubMed1978

[Histological examinations of persisting milk teeth (author's transl)].

In twelve patients aged 13 to 24, histological examinations of twenty persistent milk teeth (with persistency having been due to aplasia of permanent teeth) showed that root resorptions are possible in such cases too. Cellular resorption results in the root being decomposed lacunally or linerly, respectively. The formation of osteodentin, which is a result of the phase of apposition and which is taking place in the pulp and along the surface of resorption, respectively, is considered a characteristic concomitant phenomenon. However, this tissue does not cause "true ankylosis". Accordingly, use of the term "ankylosis" to describe such cases is questionable. The author, on the strength of the results obtained in these studies, believes that root resorption of persistent milk teeth is a pathological process in the case of congenital absence of permanent teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Use of osteoconductive materials in pediatric dental medicine].

Osteoconductive materials are well known to have the ability to form a characteristic scaffold for bone replacement. The use of these agents is mostly described in periodontal procedures. The present study deals with the use of two different osteoconductive materials used for repairing bone defects following traumatic injuries. The materials used were Bio-Oss (Geistlich) an allogenic demineralised bone and Fisiograft (Ghimas) a synthetic co-polymer of polyglicolic and polylactic acid. These materials were used in five different clinical cases with the objective to compare their typical properties during application and to evaluate radiographically and clinically their healing ability. In three cases filling of the alveolus was performed after extraction of traumatised incisors as a consequence of root resorption or fracture; two patients suffered from periodontal defects. All cases were followed every three months for at least two years and maximum 6 years. Regarding the handling of the materials all products were well accepted. From our clinical experience all modalities are found to be suitable. After clinical and radiographical evaluation normal bone formation was found in all cases without any complaints nor clinical symptoms. These clinical findings support the use of osteoconductive agents in the field of Paediatric Dentistry in well-defined indications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Effect of orthodontic forces on root resorption in molars submitted to experimental periodontitis.

The present experimental study addresses the issue of the development and size of root resorption areas in molars of rats submitted to orthodontic forces of 51 or 75 g and the induction of periodontal disease by placing a cotton ligature around the cervix of the first upper molars for 48 hours. Immediately on removal of the ligature or 48 hs later we put an orthodontic device in place. The device comprised two steel bands. The arms of a helicoidal spring that exerted force towards palatine passed through the palatine tubes welded to the bands. The number of odontoclasts and the percentage of root resorption areas were determined histomorphometrically on bucco-palatine sections obtained at the level of the central roots. The data showed an increase in root resorption areas when the orthodontic forces were applied to molars of rats following the induction of periodontitis. The magnitude of the force was proportional to the size of the resorption areas and to the number of odontoclasts. Both these end-points exhibited smaller values when the forces were applied once the inflammatory reaction had subsided. The present study shows that the risk of development of root resorption areas in patients with periodontal disease submitted to orthodontic treatment would be lower if lighter forces were applied and treatment were delayed until the inflammatory signs have subsided.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[The radiological evaluation of autotransplants].

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the radiological results of 40 autotransplantations (20 molars and 20 premolars) performed in the Orthodontic Department of the University of Geneva between 1979 and 1990. The sample demonstrated persistence of pulp vitality and continuous root growth, followed however in most cases by ankylosis and replacement root resorption. The data were in accordance with previous published studies and point out an ideal developmental stage for molar and premolar transplantation to ensure pulpal and periodontal survival.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Pocket depth reduction as an outcome measure of inflammation and soft tissue changes in periodontitis trials.

Randomized, controlled clinical trials are prospective studies involving human subjects that are designed to assess disease interventions by comparing end-points related to patient well-being. The purpose of this article is to examine the parameter probing (or pocket) depth as a meaningful end-point for evaluating novel periodontitis therapies. Probing depth provides an estimate of the inflamed, ulcerated lesion secondary to periodontitis disease. Probing depth measurements strongly correlate with the concentrations of host inflammatory mediators implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis; these mediators are generated locally secondary to the etiologic biofilm. Probing depth is a well-recognized and routine diagnostic parameter for periodontitis. It is easy to measure and interpret, sensitive to change with treatment, and correlates with other parameters of interest. Evidence from cohort studies indicates that increased probing depth is predictive of periodontitis events such as alveolar bone resorption and tooth loss. Clinical trials assessing probing depth as an efficacy outcome should feature standardization and calibration procedures to decrease measurement bias and variability. In addition, the analysis and presentation of probing-depth data should include the overall population, prognostic subcohorts, and consideration of clinical relevance. Probing depth is the most commonly reported outcome in periodontitis clinical trials and is a meaningful end-point for investigators and clinicians to judge the efficacy of periodontitis interventions.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2005

[Correlation study between sex and age of patients and root resorption after orthodontic treatment].

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between root resorption related to fixed appliance and the variables including sex, age. METHODS: 44 patients were divided into four groups according to sex and age: juvenile males, juvenile females, adult males, adult females. The length of incisors was calculated according to orthopantomograph and study models of pre- and post-treatment, and the relationship between patients' sex and age and root absorption pre- and post-treatment was analyzed by paired t test. RESULTS: Root absorption occurred in every patient. There was no significant difference between the same-age groups of males and females (P<0.05); However, there was significant difference between adult groups (both males and females) and juvenile groups (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Root absorption occurs in every fixed-appliance case. Fixed-appliance-caused root absorption has no significant correlation with sex;however, absorption of adult groups is of higher level than that of juvenile groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ectopic eruption of a mandibular first permanent molar: report of an unusual case.

A case history of an ectopically erupting mandibular left first permanent molar is described. Most notable are the unusual findings of a missing mandibular left second premolar and an epithelial cyst and a horizontally impacted mandibular left second permanent molar. A unique treatment plan called for the extraction of the mandibular second primary molar, excision of the cyst, and removal of the mandibular left second and third molars. In hindsight, other procedures might have served the patient better.

Child↗