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PubMedDate not supplied

Vertical position, rotation, and tipping of molars without antagonists.

PURPOSE: There has been a general belief that permanent teeth without antagonists overerupt, creating, after some time, considerable clinical problems. However, very few studies in the literature support this statement. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the position of molars that had been unopposed for a long period and to test the hypothesis that overeruption does affect every tooth without an antagonist. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-three individuals were examined clinically, and dental casts were taken to evaluate the position of unopposed molars. There were 84 molars (61 in the maxilla and 23 in the mandible) with a documented period of at least 10 years without antagonists. Among these teeth, 25 molars had neither an antagonist nor a mesially adjacent tooth. A qualitative method was used to evaluate the position of the molars in the vertical direction: (1) teeth with no sign of overeruption, (2) teeth with slight overeruption (< 2 mm), and (3) teeth with moderate to severe overeruption (> or = 2 mm). RESULTS: Of the 84 molars examined, 15 teeth (18%) revealed no signs of overeruption, 49 teeth (58%) displayed overeruption of less than 2 mm, and 20 teeth (24%) showed moderate to severe overeruption. Individuals with molars that had lost their antagonists in adult age had a lower risk for overeruption than the other subjects examined. The existence of adjacent teeth was important for the position of the unopposed molar in a mesiodistal or buccolingual direction. Molar rotation was more frequent in the maxilla, whereas tipping was more common in the mandible. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that not all molars without antagonists overerupt, not even in a long-term perspective.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Intrusion injuries of primary incisors. Part III: Effects on the permanent successors.

Intrusion injuries of the primary dentition are highly associated with developmental disturbances of their successor teeth. The age of the child at the time of injury, the direction and severity of the intrusion, and the presence of alveolar bone fracture are important variables influencing the effect of primary tooth intrusion on the developing permanent germ. The developmental defects of the permanent successor tooth range from mild alteration in enamel mineralization to severe sequestration of the developing germ. This article will review the developmental anomalies of the permanent incisors induced by intrusion injuries of their predecessors.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

Dentists' perception of risks for molars without antagonists. A questionnaire study of dentists in Sweden.

The aim of this questionnaire study was to investigate dentists' assessment of and the decision making process in a clinical situation with unopposed molar teeth. The questionnaire comprised, besides questions about the dentist's background, a presentation of a clinical situation with a 42-year old male patient who just had lost the left mandibular molars (teeth 36 and 37). A series of questions was provided with multiple choice answers regarding what most probably would occur with the unopposed maxillary molars within a 10-year period, what treatment to propose in such a situation, and indications for the proposed treatment. The questionnaire was sent to a randomly selected group of active members of the Göteborg Dental Society. Two hundred completed questionnaires were returned (response rate 72.5%). The great majority (85%) suggested that marked overeruption of the unopposed molars would occur, whereas 13% believed in minor changes. Almost half of the respondents (47%) proposed to wait and see before any treatment was started, whereas the remaining dentists wanted to perform some therapy as soon as possible or within a specified period of time. The most commonly suggested indications for treatment were risk for overeruption (79%), risk for impaired masticatory function (54%), and risk for development of TMD (50%). Differences in answers were found between female and male dentists, between specialists and general practitioners, and with respect to year of graduation. Most dentists believed that overeruption would occur in spite of the limited knowledge of what will happen to unopposed teeth.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Mandibular cheek tooth development and its relationship to age in young Friesian cattle.

The oral and intra-osseous development of each of the six manidibular cheek teeth found in the permanent dentition of cattle was studied. The animals used were all British Friesians, of varying sex, and slaughtered at different weights at ages between 13 and 22 months. The various stages of development observed in each tooth together with the mean age and age range at which they were seen are recorded. Significant differences were found between the ages at which several of the developmental stages were seen in most of the teeth and indicated that tooth formation in the Friesian cattle studied tended to fall within well defined age limits.

Age Determination by Teeth↗
PubMed2000

Long-term treatment planning for single tooth implants: an orthodontic perspective.

Although the traditional treatment planning options still exist whether to open or close space associated with a congenitally missing tooth, with the advent of implants, treatment planning for space opening has changed. Often there is a delay between the completion of orthodontic treatment and the placement of implants with a risk of bone loss occurring in the missing tooth space over the intervening years. A greater emphasis during treatment planning is now placed on the preservation of bone in the missing tooth space where space opening is indicated.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2001

Cherubism: case reports and literature review.

Two new cherubism cases have been documented and reported. Both were relatively mild clinically, being a Grade I within Motamedi's I to V clinical grading system. Each presented with bilateral posterior mandibular lesions having a multiloculated radiolucent appearance. In each case, detection with eventual diagnosis evolved from a mandibular molar failing to erupt (tooth No. 19). The partial literature review documented the wide spectrum of clinical expression of this disease and the consequent wide variation in its treatment.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of three nonradiographic methods of mixed dentition analysis in cleft lip and palate patients.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the application of mixed dentition analyses in cleft lip and palate patients differed from noncleft patients and to investigate which method provided the most accurate prediction in cleft lip and palate patients. METHODS: Study casts of 30 cleft lip and palate patients and 30 noncleft patients were used in this study. Each patient had dental casts at two stages of dental development. The methods compared included the Moyers, the Tanaka & Johnston (T/J) and the Boston University (BU) prediction methods. RESULTS: Analyses for both groups indicated that the predicted values yielded by each method were significantly different from one another but were all significantly correlated with actual tooth size. Moyers 50% and BU had the smallest mean difference values and no significant difference between the predicted and actual values for both cleft and noncleft control groups. CONCLUSIONS: Types of cleft had no effect on the size of the mandibular permanent canines and premolars. The application of mixed dentition analyses in cleft lip and palate patients does not differ from noncleft patients. Both Moyers 50% and the BU method have high accuracy and correlation in prediction of unerupted teeth in both groups.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of cheese molars in eleven-year-old Dutch children.

In the Netherlands, first permanent molars with idiopathic enamel disturbances (IED) are called cheese molars. Though concern is expressed about their prevalence, adequate figures on the subject are missing. The porous enamel of cheese molars can be very sensitive to cold air and can decay rapidly. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence in eleven-year-old Dutch children of cheese molars (IED). During an epidemiological study performed in four cities in the Netherlands, the first permanent molars and central incisors of eleven-year-old children were examined for hypoplasia, opacities, posteruptive enamel loss, premature extraction, and atypical restorations. The observation of a hypoplasia excluded the possibility of cheese molar. A total of 497 children were examined. Six percent (n = 128) of the molars (n = 1988) showed signs of IED (cheese molars), 10 percent of the children had cheese molars of which 8 percent two or more. Incisors (4 percent) with opacities were found in 3 percent in combination with two or more cheese molars. Among the four cities, no significant differences in occurrence were found. The results of this study showed that in 10 percent of the Dutch children eleven years of age, cheese molars (IED) were found. The cause for the phenomenon called cheese molars appears to be child centered. Further studies on prevalence, causes and prevention are mandatory.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The diagnostic value of lateral extraoral radiography for intruded maxillary primary incisors.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to assess the contribution of a lateral extraoral radiograph for diagnosing the relation between the root of intruded maxillary primary incisors and their permanent successors. METHODS: Three pediatric dentists examined intruded primary teeth 0-7 days after injury. The relations between the primary and permanent teeth were assessed in three separate steps: 1) evaluation of clinical signs only; 2) evaluation of a periapical radiograph (no lateral radiograph); 3) evaluation of a lateral extraoral radiograph. The clinical and radiographic signs used to assess the relations were recorded. The lateral extraoral radiograph was regarded as contributory to diagnosis if the assessment after the third step differed significantly from that made after the first and second steps. Ninety-three evaluations of 53 intruded teeth in 37 children were available for analysis. RESULTS: The lateral extraoral radiograph was found valuable for assessment of the primary incisor's root alignment in only 5% (5/93) of the evaluations in which neither the clinical examination nor the periapical radiograph were contributory. Four of these five cases were in children less than 20 months old. In all other cases, the lateral radiograph was not contributory for two main reasons: It could not be evaluated due to overlap of multiple intruded teeth and/or when the teeth intruded were lateral incisors, and when the clinical and periapical radiographs were sufficient for diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Lateral extraoral radiographs should not be used routinely in cases of intrusion of primary incisors. The operator should base his or her diagnosis on clinical findings and examination of a periapical radiograph. The lateral extraoral radiograph should be taken only when its expected contribution to diagnosis can be confirmed, as in cases of children younger than 20 months.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The first dental visit.

The recommended age for the first dental visit seems to vary among and within the professions. Unfortunately, the first visit often is prompted by clinical caries or dental trauma. The purpose of this paper is to provide guidelines for examining the toddler and information to be offered to parents during the consultation. Early identification and intervention for children with high caries risk, education of other health professionals and parents with preventive strategies, and the establishment of a relationship with a dentist prior to a traumatic injury should be mutual goals.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Management of median diastema.

In mixed and early permanent dentitions, median diastema can be a major esthetic concern for patients and/or their parents. The space can be transient or created by developmental, pathological, or iatrogenic factors. Different treatment techniques have been proposed to manage the situation. This paper reviews the common causes of median diastema and presents four cases to illustrate a range of restorative and orthodontic options.

Adolescent↗