Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Taste Disorders”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,351 records · Page 75Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Sweet and bitter tastes of alcoholic beverages mediate alcohol intake in of-age undergraduates.

Alcoholic beverages are complex stimuli, giving rise to sensations that promote or inhibit intake. Previous research has shown associations between 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) bitterness, one marker of genetic variation in taste, and alcohol behaviors. We tested the PROP bitterness and alcohol intake relationship as mediated by tastes of sampled alcoholic beverages. Forty-nine undergraduates (mean age=22 years) participated. According to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), only 3 of 49 subjects reported patterns indicating problematic drinking. Participants used the general Labeled Magnitude Scale to rate PROP bitterness and tastes from and preference for Pilsner beer, blended scotch whiskey, instant espresso and unsweetened grapefruit juice. Alcohol intake was reported over a typical week. Regression analysis tested the hypothesis that PROP bitterness influenced alcohol bitterness and sweetness, which in turn predicted alcohol intake. Those who tasted less PROP bitterness tasted all beverages as less bitter and more preferred. Sweetness of scotch was significantly greater in those who tasted PROP as least bitter. For scotch, greater sweetness and less bitterness from sampled scotch were direct predictors of greater alcohol intake. For beer, preference ratings were better predictors of alcohol intake than the bitter or sweet tastes of the sampled beer. These findings support that PROP bitterness predicts both positive and negative tastes from alcoholic beverages and that those tastes may predict alcohol intake. The college environment may attenuate direct effects of PROP bitterness and intake. Here, PROP bitterness does not predict alcohol intake directly, but acts instead through sweet and bitter tastes of alcoholic beverages.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Neophobia, conditioned taste aversion and EEG arousal after globus pallidus lesion.

Rats with unilateral or bilateral electrolytic lesions in the globus pallidus (GP) became aphagic and adipsic. Aphagia and adipsia lasted 2-3 days in rats with unilateral lesion, but were more persistent in animals with bilateral lesions. EEG arousal induced by nociceptive stimuli applied to the side of the body contralateral to the unilateral pallidal lesion was of shorter duration than that induced by ipsilateral stimulation; no difference was found between rats injured in left or right (GP). Total exploratory activity of rats with symmetrical or asymmetrical lesions, exposed to a novel environment for ten min, was not different from that of the control group, but the exploratory activity measured in a 60 sec block showed trends in the two injured groups being different than those in the controls. Rats with unilateral right or bilateral lesions showed a lower level of neophobia for saccharin than controls. Acquisition of conditioned taste aversion was similar in lesioned rats and controls, but extinction of the conditioned taste aversion was slower in the intact than in the injured animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Learning deficiencies in Borna disease virus-infected but clinically healthy rats.

Borna disease (BD) virus, a still unclassified neurotropic agent, causes either fatal encephalomyelitis or persistent asymptomatic infection in a variety of animal species. We monitored the neuronal functions of intracerebrally infected but healthy rats with three types of learning experiments. Spatial discrimination learning, using the y maze and the hole board, was significantly less successful in BD virus-infected (I) compared with mock-infected (M) rats. Similarly, I rats tended to show a certain emotional disturbance (reduced resting behavior and less anxiety) as evaluated by open-field and neophobia tests. Furthermore, in two aversive learning experiments (taste aversion and reaction suppression via Skinner box), it appeared that the I rats expressed a significantly diminished ability to learn pain avoidance compared with M rats. In conclusion, we found specific learning deficiencies together with subtle behavioral alterations suggesting that BD virus causes certain modulations of high integrative brain functions which are only detectable under experimental conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of gustatory function in postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the gustatory function in postmenopausal women. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Whole mouth taste test and spatial taste test were administered to 20 postmenopausal women (Group 1) and 20 age-matched male subjects (Group 2). Further investigations were carried out for subjective assessment of taste alteration and nutritional differences between premenopausal and postmenopausal periods. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in sucrose perception and in palatal sensitivity in postmenopausal women (p<0.05). Only 7(35%) of the female patients noticed alteration in taste perception during the postmenopausal period. Alteration in dietary habits after menopause was reported by 9 (45%) patients. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that taste perception of the tongue does not change, but that there is a disorder in palatal perception in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, there is tendency to preference of sweeter foods during menopause.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

[A new pharmacological and physiological aspects of L-amino acids].

Taste preferences are altered to reflect physiological needs and to support the recovery from nutritional disorders. The central mechanism both recognition for and adaptation to a deficient essential nutrient, i.e. L-lysine, have been unveiled that the feeding center in the hypothalamus is a primary center nucleus to induce a neuronal plasticity responding to dietary intake of deficient nutrient in the brain and peripherally, such as sense of taste and its concentration change. Changing preferences may act as an alarm, signaling protein malnutrition or metabolic adult disease, such as hypertension for saltiness, diabetes for sweetness, etc. In addition, our consumption of alcohol beverage is still increasing despite of one of candidate to induce the hepatic disorders, because pharmacological function of alcohol in the brain is welcome for people enjoying meal or being relieved from stresses. Preference for both L-alanine and L-glutamine was observed when alcoholic rats fell in the hepatic disorder. Acute alcohol loading induced suppression of motor activity and the hepatic dysfunction, but both amino acids did obviously protect these alcoholic symptoms. People should have to require a little bit more specific L-amino acid physiologically and pharmacologically depending upon different states among aging, lifestyle, metabolic diseases and various stresses.

Alanine↗
PubMed1976

[Mechanisms of dietary selection in man: preferences and aversions].

Ingestion of food and water is the most important mean by which an animal maintains the integrity of the "milieu interne". In a free feeding situation the animal selects the nutrients demanded by the monitors of the internal fluid environment and avoids the malaise caused by ingested toxins; to doing, it maintains the constancy of its body composition. The essential features of this qualitative regulation have been extensively studied in the animal: the choice of nutrient is based on the sensory activity of the ingested material at the oropharynegeal level; some preferences and aversions are innate; others are acquired by conditioning; conditioned taste aversions can be acquired after a single association between the conditioned stimulus (taste) and the unconditioned one (malaise); some preferences and aversions are acquired slowly under the reenforcing effect of the nutritional activity of the ingested food. Are the same characteristics found in man? Studies in man are not numerous but it seems that the same mecanisms are patent in the neonate, the young child and the adult in a distressful situation. On the contrary, in a free feeding situation, sociocultural factors are prevalent.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Disinhibited eating by resourceful restrained eaters.

Restrained eaters who reported consistent use of a variety of self-control skills were expected to avoid disinhibited eating in a high-risk situation better than were restrained eaters, who reportedly used fewer self-control skills. Eighty women were selected as subjects on the basis of their scores on the Revised Restraint Scale and the Self-Control Schedule. A 2 x 2 design was used: Restraint (high, low) x Self-Control (high, low). Subjects participated in the usual "preload + taste-test" restraint paradigm. Restrained eaters who reported high self-control skills disinhibited their eating significantly more (not less, as expected) than all other groups.

Body Weight↗
PubMed2005

Gustatory agnosia.

OBJECTIVE: To report the assessment of a patient exhibiting gustatory agnosia. METHODS: Preoperative and postoperative neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and chemosensory evaluations were performed in a 39-year-old woman undergoing surgical treatment for intractable epilepsy. RESULTS: Preoperative MRIs showed bilateral (right > left) atrophy in the medial temporal lobes and complete atrophy of the left insula. Evaluation of gustatory function revealed normal suprathreshold intensity estimation, affective evaluation, and detection thresholds but elevated recognition thresholds. A functional neuroimaging study showed activation to stimulation of aversive taste in the left amygdala. Surgical treatment entailed resection from the left medial temporal lobe that included the region of amygdala that had responded to taste. Postoperatively, detection, naming, and intensity estimation for taste remained normal, but the patient was unable to recognize different tastes (sweet, sour, salty, and bitter). A second evaluation 2.5 years after her surgery revealed no change in taste ability. CONCLUSION: The anteromedial temporal lobe has an important role in recognizing taste quality.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

How impulsiveness and variety influence food intake in a sample of healthy women.

This study investigates to what extent an impulsive personality, a varied food environment and their interaction influence food intake. We also investigated whether high-impulsives would exhibit more "eating disordered" thoughts and behaviours. Forty-five low-impulsives and forty-one high-impulsives did a bogus taste test with varied or monotonous food. As expected, high impulsives had a higher food intake compared to low impulsives. Moreover, high-impulsives reported significantly more "eating disordered" thoughts and behaviours than low-impulsives. Neither a main effect of variety nor an interaction between variety and impulsivity were found.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Apparent covariation between child habit disorders: effects of successful treatment for thumb sucking on untargeted chronic hair pulling.

We evaluated the effects of aversive taste treatment of thumb sucking on untreated trichotillomania (habitual hair pulling) in two children who chronically pulled their hair and sucked their thumbs. A combination of withdrawal and nonconcurrent multiple baseline designs showed that, concomitant with the successful treatment of thumb sucking, hair pulling was also eliminated. The results suggest an efficient method for changing behaviors that are difficult to treat directly.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Familial dysautonomia (Riley-Day syndrome). Temporal bone findings and otolaryngological manifestations.

Familial dysautonomia, or Riley-Day syndrome, is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion and occurs almost exclusively in Jewish families. This disorder is characterized by a smooth tongue devoid of fungiform papillae and of taste buds, and is clinically associated with poor taste discrimination. An unsteady gait and dizziness on change in position are also common presenting symptoms. This study reports the histopathological findings of eight temporal bones from four patients with documented familial dysautonomia. For the control series, 13 normal temporal bones were also studied. The most striking finding in the dysautonomic patients was an extreme paucity of geniculate ganglion cells (P less than 0.001). A statistically significant reduction in the number of neurons was also found both in the superior and in the inferior divisions of the vestibular nerve (P less than 0.001). The paucity of the geniculate ganglion cells correlates well with the impairment of the taste in dysautonomic individuals, since the afferent fibers leaving taste buds of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue run via the chorda tympani and have their cell bodies in the geniculate ganglion. Furthermore, the reduction in the number of Scarpa's ganglion cells observed in the dysautonomic patients studied here could account for a poor response to caloric test, positional vertigo and an unsteady gait in this condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Clinical assessment of retronasal olfactory function.

OBJECTIVES: To develop a test kit for the simple assessment of retronasal olfactory function and to compare orthonasal and retronasal olfactory function in healthy subjects and patients with olfactory disorders. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: We tested 230 individuals with normosmia, hyposmia, and anosmia using grocery-available powders. Initially, 30 different substances were investigated. Subjects identified each substance using a list with 4 verbal items (forced choice). After preliminary experiments, 20 items were selected according to the degree to which they were identified by normosmic and anosmic subjects. Orthonasal olfactory function was assessed psychophysically using "sniffin' sticks," which includes tests for odor identification, discrimination, and butanol odor thresholds. In addition, anosmia was confirmed electrophysiologically by means of olfactory-evoked potentials. RESULTS: In healthy subjects, there was a test-retest reliability correlation of r(27) = 0.76 for retronasal olfactory function, which is similar to other odor identification tests. Retronasal testing in normosmic subjects allowed for the discrimination of sex-related differences, with women scoring higher than men (P =.007), and the identification of a slight decrease with age (r(120) = -0.20; P =.03). Orthonasal and retronasal identification of odors was found to correlate (r(86) = 0.78; P<.001). Retronasal testing allowed for the discrimination between normosmia, hyposmia, and anosmia (P<.001). In addition, retronasal performance of anosmic patients appeared to improve with duration of anosmia (P =.03). No difference was found between patients with anosmia of different origin. CONCLUSION: Results of the present investigation indicate that the assessment of retronasal olfactory function is possible using oral stimulus presentation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Mental depression is associated with malnutrition in patients with head and neck cancer.

We have studied the prevalence of mental disorder in a variety of patients with head and neck cancer in different stages of disease and treatment. All together, 59 patients were studied according to a comprehensive psychopathologic rating score and nutritional status. Six patients refused to answer the comprehensive psychopathologic rating score questionnaire. Of the remaining 53 patients, 13 patients were classified as mentally disordered. Five patients were classified as mentally depressed according to a specific comprehensive psychopathologic rating scale depression score. We found that depression was significantly linked to malnutrition. In total, 30% of our patients with cancer with weight loss demonstrated features that were consonant with depression. This suggests that mental depression is associated with physical improvement rather than with the malignant condition per se.

Adult↗