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Results for “Social Behavior Disorders”

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At least 1,351 records · Page 75Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Adaptive skills and executive function in autism spectrum disorders.

There is active debate regarding the nature of executive dysfunction in autism. Additionally, investigations have yet to show a relationship between deficits in executive function and the everyday behavioral difficulties that may originate from them. The present study examined the relationship between executive abilities and adaptive behavior in 35 children with Autism Spectrum Disorders, using two parent reports of everyday functioning, the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Results found several relationships: The Initiate and Working Memory domains were negatively correlated with most domains of adaptive behavior. Also, the Communication and Socialization domains of the VABS were negatively correlated with several areas of executive functioning, suggesting that impairments in executive abilities are strongly associated with the deficits in communication, play and social relationships found in children with autism.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Role of monoamine oxidase A genotype and psychosocial factors in male adolescent criminal activity.

BACKGROUND: A number of important sociological, psychological, and biological predictors of adolescent criminal behavior have been identified during the most recent decades. The aim of this study was to replicate recent findings that interactions between a polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) gene promoter region and psychosocial factors might predict male adolescent criminal activity. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with a randomized sample from the total population of 16- and 19-year-olds from the county of Västmanland, Sweden. Eighty-one male adolescents, who volunteered to participate, were randomly selected from groups representing different degrees of deviant risk behavior. RESULTS: The present study strongly supports the notion that carrying the 3-repeat allele of the MAO-A-gene promoter increases the risk of male adolescent criminal behavior, when interacting with psychosocial factors. No effects at all of the MAO-A genotype on adolescent criminal activity were found when MAO-A genotype was considered alone (i.e., without its psychosocial context). The explained variance of the bio-psychosocial model (controlling for MAO-A) in this study exceeded the psychosocial model by 12%. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the notion that genotype and psychosocial factors interact to precipitate male adolescent criminal behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prodromal and residual symptoms in bipolar I disorder.

The objective of the current study was to better understand the nature of prodromal and residual symptoms of mania and depression, as reported by patients with bipolar I disorder and their family members. Prodromal and residual symptoms of mania and depression were elicited from 74 patients with bipolar I disorder. In 45 cases, an adult family member provided similar information. Three clinicians classified the symptoms into six broad categories: behavioral, cognitive, mood, neurovegetative, social, and other. The clinicians also categorized symptoms as typical or idiosyncratic. Seventy-eight percent of the patients reported prodromal depressive symptoms and 87% reported prodromal manic symptoms; greater than half of the patients disclosed residual symptoms of depression (54%) and mania (68%). Within each of these four illness categories, cognitive symptoms were consistently the most common symptoms reported by patients. A substantial number of symptoms were idiosyncratic, particularly those reported for residual depression. Agreement between patient and family members on reported symptoms was strong for the prodromal phase of both polarities, but less so for the residual phases. These preliminary results suggest that patients with bipolar I disorder and their family members can identify prodromal and residual symptoms, that these symptoms are quite common, and that prodromal symptoms may be more prevalent or easier to identify than residual symptoms. Cognitive symptoms were consistently the most common symptoms reported by patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Effects of circumscribed interests on the social behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorders.

This study compared the effects of circumscribed interests (CI) to less preferred (LP) tangible stimuli on the social behaviors of three children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Based on single subject design methodology, the CI experimental sessions resulted in longer durations of target-child initiated social interactions in comparison to LP sessions. In addition, latency of participant's initial social bids to peers was decreased when CI were present. The results suggest that embedding CI into dyadic play situations with typical peers can be used to increase the social behavior children with ASD direct toward typical peers. Future research should examine the specific environmental conditions that must be present in naturalistic settings to facilitate generalization of social behavior.

Attention↗
PubMed2025

Social Responsiveness as a Mediator in Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Autistic Youth with Maladaptive and Interfering Anxiety.

Numerous adaptations to interventions have been included in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for autistic youth. This study examines the degree to which CBT adapted to the social needs of autistic youth confers significant benefit by promoting social responsiveness. A secondary analysis was conducted on a multisite randomized clinical trial (Wood et al. in JAMA Psychiatry 77:474-483, 2020) comparing adapted CBT with standard-of-practice CBT and treatment-as-usual (TA). Autistic youth (N = 167; aged 7-13) with maladaptive and interfering anxiety participated. The adapted CBT (BIACA) uses a modular format, with an emphasis on supplementing common CBT practice elements (reframing and graded exposure) with social skill supports. The primary outcome measure was the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale. Social responsiveness was assessed with the Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition. Participants' general mental health was assessed as a secondary outcome using the Brief Problem Checklist. Mediation was tested using the SPSS PROCESS macro. Analyses suggested that the effect of adapted CBT on anxiety was mediated by its effects on social responsiveness, with a statistically significant indirect effect. Youth randomly assigned to adapted CBT exhibited better overall mental health at posttreatment compared to those randomized to the other conditions, and this effect was also mediated by improved social responsiveness. CBT adapted to address some of the social needs of autistic youth may enhance mental health outcomes by supporting social responsiveness, perhaps increasing the ease and effectiveness with which some youth can navigate potentially stressful situations such as entering and participating in group activities.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

A conceptual model for treatment of externalizing behaviour in acquired brain injury.

This paper describes a conceptual model for treatment of the externalizing behavioural sequelae to an acquired brain injury and discusses relevant research. Use of the model by practitioners should lead to sophisticated and minimally intrusive intervention. In the model, there are two different categories of approaches. The first category is remedial approaches. These interventions are typically used in the post-acute environment for teaching adaptive skills to replace aberrant behaviour patterns. Skills provided with such training allow the individual to self-manage difficult everyday situations effectively, without external control by others. The second category is moderating approaches, which can be used in the acute phase of ABI recovery for management of severe behavioural episodes that may be associated with conditions present at this time, such as agitation and confusion. Moderating approaches can also be used as a prelude to remedial approaches in the post-acute environment when problem behaviours occur at a high frequency or intensity and render the use of remedial approaches difficult.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Characteristics of children admitted to a state mental hospital.

In looking at demographic, social, psychiatric, and medical characteristics of 125 mentally disturbed children admitted to a state mental hospital in southern California in 1971 and in 1976, the authors found evidence of family instability and disposition to violent behavior to be the most notable features of the group; many of the children did not reveal evidence of thought disorder while in the institution. Children with conduct disorders represented the majority of admission diagnoses. The children's mean age at admission was 13.2 years; most of them had several previous residential placements, and 80 per cent were Anglo-Caucasian. The authors believe that the ability to manage children predisposed to violent outbursts is the key issue involved in returning these children to community life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Social behavior, musicality and visual perception in monogloid children (author's transl)].

Forty-nine mongoloid and 48 non-mongol test persons of equivalent age and intelligence were selected and studied with respect to social behavior, speech disorders (observation of behavior), musicality and visual perception. There were significant differences in favor of the mongols with respect to social adaption. Speech disorders of all kinds occurred significantly more frequently in mongol children; stuttering was significantly more frequent in the boys. The mongol group did significantly better in the musicality test; the difference in the rhythmical part was highly significant. The average differences in the capacity for visual discrimination of colors, geometrical forms and the spatial relationship of geometrical forms were not significant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Nutrition and behavior: complex interdisciplinary research.

Nutrition and behavior research presents a particularly challenging field of study for scientists. An overview is provided of research on nutrition and behavior of adequately nourished populations in industrialized countries. Discussions and findings from research presented include: refined carbohydrate consumption, maladaptive behavior, behavior disorders and learning; a history of the 'Feingold diet' and the basis for its controversy; an examination of recent critiques of research on artificial food dyes and hyperkinesis; indications for dietary intervention of hyperactive preschoolers; the role of iron in behavior disorders; effects of sub-clinical vitamin deficiencies on behavior; trace element analysis studies and violent behavior; and, suggested guidelines for further research into this complex and challenging field. Studies cited are from Canada, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Detection of behavioral, developmental, and psychosocial problems in pediatric primary care practice.

By virtue of their ongoing relationship with families and young children, pediatric primary care providers are well positioned to participate in the early detection of children's behavioral, developmental, and psychosocial problems. Yet research suggests that many such problems elude early detection. Awareness of the prevalence of such problems should encourage pediatric providers to carefully elicit parents' opinions and concerns, obtain a relevant behavioral and developmental history, skillfully observe parent and child behaviors, and obtain, when indicated, the opinions of such other relevant professionals as preschool teachers. Possible strategies to improve early detection include the use of parent questionnaires, parent record-keeping of children's behavior, and a developmental screening tool as an aid to surveillance. The development of a classification system for such problems designed for primary care, rather than psychiatry, should also facilitate early detection.

Child↗