Perceptual features of the manual alphabet.
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The mental health program for the deaf at St. Elizabeths Hospital offers comprehensive services to adolescents and adults who were born deaf or who became deaf early in life. A staff of 49, six of whom have impaired hearing, provide services to about 33 inpatients and about 71 outpatients. Activity therapies that do not require oral communication, such as occupational therapy, art therapy, dance therapy, and psychodrama, play an important role in the program, as does group psychotherapy. The program provides training, field experience, and consultation for workers throughout the U.S. and from foreign countries. Some guidelines for communicating with the deaf are given.
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Ten moderately retarded adults learned a set of 16 logographic signs. Subjects were asked to demonstrate sentences formed from the signs using dolls and other toys. They were also asked to pick out signs and form a sentence after watching the experimenter demonstrate an event. All subjects were able to demonstrate sentences with only minor errors. Only about half were completely successful in constructing four- and five-word sentences. The method of construction of most subjects revealed a semantic--syntactic disengagement; the signs were chosen in nonsentence order, apparently in order of salience of the referents. After collecting the signs, most subjects were able to put them in correct sentence order. The results support the feasibility of a logographic system for nonreading retarded adults.
The acquisition sign-word pairs by verbal moderately and severely retarded children as a function of the iconicity and cheremic (phonological) similarity of the signs and the vocabulary age of the subjects was studied using a recall format (alternate learning and test trials) paired-associates paradigm. Results of an analysis of variance revealed that iconicity enhanced learning, similarity interfered with acquisition, and there was no effect of vocabulary age within the range studied. There were not interaction among the above variables. Results were discussed in terms of the implications for teaching sign as a communication tool and for further research.
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