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PubMed1989

Bone formation and body composition of European elk: an ontogenetic model.

Metapodial and femur measurements were gathered on 8 female and 12 male western European elk (Alces alces [L. 1758] alces) skeletons in four osteological collections in Scandinavia. Additional variables such as carcass and bone weight as well as metacarpal measurements recorded on 43 females and 47 males hunted in Central Sweden were completed by metatarsal measurements available for 28 female and 29 male individuals of the same sample. These bones were divided into two gross age groups on the basis of epiphyseal fusion. Sex-dependent development of the metapodial bones was studied in terms of longitudinal growth and in relation to carcass weight and a number of important carcass characteristics. While metacarpals in both sexes grow at a slower rate relative to carcass weight than do metatarsals, skeletal development is more intensive in young females resulting in mature forms at a smaller absolute size. Analysis of the two sets of data was completed with parameters of dissection statistics from the literature and integrated into an ontogenetic model. A 100 to 140 kg carcass weight interval was found critical both in terms of weaning and the onset of sexual maturation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Cyanamide and its calcium form: do they differ with respect to their action on the liver cell? Experimental study in the rat.

Cyanamide is a drug frequently used as aversion therapy in chronic alcoholism. A chronic hepatocytic lesion induced by cyanamide has been described by a member of our team over the last few years. It consists of distinctive cytoplasmic inclusion bodies, similar to those observed in Lafora's disease. The inclusion body-bearing liver cells resemble the ground-glass hepatocytes observed in type B viral infections. This hepatocytic lesion is predictable and reproducible in the rat liver. The high frequency of alcoholic patients with inclusion bodies observed in Spain is striking in contrast with the scarcity of cases published abroad. The medicine commonly used in Spain contains plain cyanamide, while Temposil used in Canada and Dipsan used in Scandinavia contain its calcium form (calcium carbimide). In an attempt to discover if the chemical nature of the drug is an important determinant in the development of the lesion, the present study was carried out using groups of Wistar rats. One group received cyanamide and the other one calcium carbimide. The drug was placed in the stomach via a cannula, daily, at a dose of 16 mg/kg body weight, for 25 weeks. The characteristic inclusion bodies were only found in the group receiving plain cyanamide.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Abnormalities among newborn children born to immigrants in Denmark in the period 1983-1987].

It has recently been discussed whether there was a higher incidence of congenital malformations among newborns of immigrant mothers than among Danish infants. The study is based on information retrieved from two registries in the Danish National Board of Health, both with national coverage: The Medical Birth Register and the Register of Congenital Malformations. All livebirths in Denmark, born to women from Denmark, Scandinavia, Yugoslavia, Turkey, Pakistan, Morocco, Iran and Vietnam in the years 1983-1987, more than 240,000 infants, were included. When comparing the birth prevalence of congenital malformations in the various groups, the observed rate is corrected for maternal age and parity distribution, fathers' occupation (indicating the social position) and county of delivery, as ascertainment varies between hospitals. This part of the analysis did not support the observation of an increased incidence among offspring of immigrant women. A more detailed analysis, based on a multiplicative Poisson-model, compares the three largest groups: Danish, Turkish and Pakistani mothers. Evaluating the influence of maternal age, father's occupation and county of delivery, the result is that the differences observed can, to a large degree, be explained by these three factors, especially the county of delivery. The remaining differences are no larger than can be explained as random. We were thus unable to support the debated observation on a higher incidence of congenital malformations among infants born to immigrant mothers.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1987

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: clinical aspects.

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is an acute viral fever which typically progresses through five stages: an acute grippe, followed by hemorrhage and shock, acute renal insufficiency from tubulo-interstitial nephritis, and recovery. Death from circulatory or renal failure occurs in 5%-15% of cases. In mild or abortive forms of the disease, associated with viral strains enzootic in Scandinavia the illness is milder. Hemorrhage and shock occur with lower frequency and the fatality rate is less than 1%. Pathologic examination of HFRS cases from Asia discloses generalized congestion, hyperemia, and hemorrhage, with scattered foci of necrosis in numerous organs. Congestion and hemorrhage are most evident in the kidney medulla. Widespread microscopic evidence of capillary and vascular dysfunction is found, with endothelial cell swelling, perivascular edema, diapadesis of erythrocytes and mononuclear cell infiltration. Hemorrhage and inflammation in the renal interstitium and tubular epithelial degeneration characterize the kidney pathology. Limited data indicate pathogenic roles for cell destruction from viral infection as well as immune mediated mechanisms. No specific therapy is available.

Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Deletion mapping in human renal cell carcinoma.

The highest incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is reported in Scandinavia. Cytogenetic studies of constitutional tissue in families with hereditary RCC and of sporadic RCC tumor tissue have shown abnormalities of chromosome 3p. In a study of 23 sporadic Scandinavian cases using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, we found that 68% of informative patients showed terminal 3p deletions. The break point was not consistent. Loss of a locus on the Y chromosome was seen in 4/14 male patients. Losses of heterozygosity on autosomes included chromosomes 18 (5/15 informative cases) and 17 (3/11 informative cases). Losses in heterozygosity were also found at lower levels for other chromosomes (chromosome 13, 3/16; chromosome 10, 2/19; and chromosome 11, 2/24). The single familial case showed reduplication of part of chromosome 3p and of one chromosome 17. Our data confirm earlier data on losses on chromosome 3p in tumor tissue and by extending this type of analysis to all chromosomes, demonstrate the specificity of this loss. No unique findings were made in the sporadic Scandinavian cases. The results support the thesis that a tumor suppressor gene involved in the oncogenesis of RCC may be located distal to the DNF15S2 locus on chromosome 3p.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The Scandinavian multicenter photopatch study 1980-1985: final report.

At 16 different dermatology clinics in Scandinavia from 1980-1985, photopatch testing was performed on 1993 patients with suspected photodermatosis. The collective results are presented in this article. The most common cause of sun-related dermatosis was polymorphic light eruption (PLE) (38%), while secondary aggravation of pre-existing skin diseases was established in 16% of the patient group. Photocontact dermatitis (11%) and contact dermatitis (10%) were responsible for 274 and 369 positive test reactions (respectively) on photopatch testing using the SPDRG standard series. Musk ambrette and para-aminobenzoic acid were the leading photosensitizers, while perfume mixture, balsam of Peru and lichen mixture were the most frequent causes of contact sensitivity. The principal photoallergens and contact allergens in the PLE, persistent light reaction and actinic reticuloid groups are discussed, together with the problems, risks and possible mechanisms of induction of photosensitization in these patients. The incidence, causes and diagnostic and therapeutic implications of secondary sunscreen sensitivity in these groups are also addressed.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ethmoid tumors in moose and roe deer].

Ethmoid tumors are expansively-infiltratively growing tumors of carcinomatous or sarcomatous nature, deriving from the mucous membrane of the ethmoid bone. In Sweden, such tumors were found in 35 elks (Alces a. alces) and 4 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) during the years 1947-1982, that means a frequency of about 1 and 0.1 per cent, respectively of the investigation material. However, in the free living elk and roe deer population, the frequency might be much lower. The tumors were malign, extensively melting the soft and hard tissues of the ethmoid region, breaking into the brain cavity, the forehead subcutaneous tissues, etc. Symptoms as suppurative or bloody discharge at the nose, external outline aberrations and disorders to be related to injuries of the central nervous system were observed. In the elk, ethmoid tumors were found only in female animals. In the beginning of this century, ethmoid tumors were found in a number of cattle and horses in Sweden and Norway. Multiple cases occurred in some herds indicating that the tumors were caused by an infectious agent. Since the year 1916, there seem to be no reports on the finding of ethmoid tumors in domestic animals in the Nordic countries. In 1960, however, such tumors were discovered in Indian cattle in Kerala in the south of India. Tumor tissue from the cattle was examined and a herpes-virus was found. Geographically, the distribution of the tumor cases in cattle and elk was very similar in Sweden indicating a possible mutual transmission. As the tumors obviously have disappeared from cattle but not from the elk, it seems likely that the elk might be the primary carrier of the ethmoid tumor. Ethmoid tumors have been observed for many years in Scandinavia but only rather recently they were discovered in India. It has been known for long that birds after contamination might be involved in the spread of virus diseases, provided the virus are reasonably resistant. In the actual case, the suspicion has mainly been directed at three bird species, viz. the blue throat (Luscinia svecica), the scarlet grosbeak (Erythrina erythrina) and the red-necked phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus). In spring and summer, these birds periodically reside in elk habitat where they might be contaminated. In the autumn, they may extend their migration to the southern parts of India.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Germ cell tumours.

Germ cell tumours form an important group of gonadal neoplasms and are also found in a number of extragonadal sites like the mediastinum, para-pineal and sacrococcygeal regions and retroperitoneum. Although there are considerable differences between germ cell tumours occurring in different anatomical locations they exhibit a remarkable homology, and are considered as a group. In this review germ cell tumours are discussed as a group emphasizing some of the recent developments in this field. In the testis germ cell tumours form the most common group of neoplasms comprising 90% of all testicular tumours and 99% of them are malignant. In the ovary germ cell tumours comprise approximately 20% of ovarian neoplasms, and more than 90% are mature cystic teratomas and are benign. Malignant testicular neoplasms are 10 times more common than their ovarian and 20 times more common than their extragonadal counterparts. Malignant germ cell tumours have a specific age incidence and occur mainly in children and young adults. Due to this they represent one of the most important groups of neoplasms in this age group. Testicular germ cell tumours show marked racial and geographical differences occurring much more frequently in Western Europe, especially in Scandinavia, as compared with Southern and Eastern Europe. They are rare in Africa and are very uncommon in Blacks as compared to Whites. These remarkable differences are not observed in ovarian or extragonadal germ cell tumours. It is now accepted that histogenetically all the tumours in this group are of germ cell origin, and that germ cell tumours are capable of somatic (embryonal) and extra-embryonal differentiation (fig. 1). The occurrence of extragonadal germ cell tumours in anatomical locations in the midline of the body is explained on the basis of migration of the primitive germ cells during embryonic life from the wall of the yolk sac to the primitive gonad. An all embracing classification of germ cell neoplasms based on the WHO classifications of ovarian and testicular tumours is presented. The importance of careful and thorough examination of germ cell tumours is emphasized, especially in view of the recent advances in the therapy of malignant germ cell neoplasms. The value of tumour markers like alphafoetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) produced by endodermal sinus tumour (EST) and some embryonal carcinomas and choriocarcinoma and syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells respectively in diagnosis, monitoring the progress of the disease, and the efficacy of therapy, as well, as for early detection of metastases and recurrences, is strongly emphasized.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Non-starch polysaccharides as a protective factor in human large bowel cancer.

The hypothesis that lack of dietary fibre in the diet is responsible for a variety of large bowel problems, including cancer, has stimulated much discussion and research over the past 15 years. However, the epidemiological examination of this hypothesis has been hampered by the absence of data on the fibre content of most of the world's foods. In Scandinavia and Britain where the consumption of the major chemical fraction of dietary fibre, the non-starch polysaccharides has been measured using accurate methods, significant negative associations have been shown with large bowel cancer occurrence. These studies suggest that non-starch polysaccharides may be protective in populations at otherwise high risk of large bowel cancer from an excess of meat and fat. However, methodological problems in the assessment of non-starch polysaccharide consumption in individuals preclude the use of case control studies in verifying these associations within a single homogeneous population.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Liver transplantation in a 48-year-old female with primary biliary cirrhosis.

In 1983, a Danish female with primary biliary cirrhosis underwent orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The transplantation took place in Groningen under a Danish-Dutch cooperation, at this writing, and more than four years after transplantation, the patient is still alive. The quality of her life has been dramatically improved, making possible her return to work. Liver tests, liver function, and biopsies are normal and without signs of development of primary biliary cirrhosis in the transplanted liver. Liver transplantation is now frequently performed at several centres throughout the world with an increasing success rate. In Scandinavia, centres have been established in Norway, Finland, and Sweden, whereas in Denmark the organisation of a programme for liver transplantation is still being discussed. Because of the extremely high costs, liver transplantation has to be approved medically and politically, and the brain death criteria have to be accepted before it can be considered as a generally accepted modality of treatment.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Incidence of acute otitis media in infants in a general practice.

A 12-month study of the incidence of acute otitis media in children under three years of age in an urban practice of 10 000 patients showed that acute otitis media accounted for one in 10 of all episodes of illness presented. In contrast to findings in Scandinavia and the USA the incidence of acute otitis media in the first year of life (11.5%) was lower than in the second year (28.6%). The study included a number of children in their third year and the incidence in this group was higher still (30.8%).The problems of defining acceptable diagnostic criteria for acute otitis media, and the relation of these diagnostic criteria to the differences in our results compared with previous studies are discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Spontaneous dissection of the internal carotid artery.

Spontaneous dissection of the internal carotid artery is not well known in Scandinavia. Several hundred cases have been reported world-wide, but none from Finland. We presume the annual incidence in Finland to be at least 20-30 cases, nearly all of which remain undiagnosed. Our experience of 12 cases indicates that the typical patient is a middle-aged man who after strenuous physical exertion suffers a transient ischemic attack or progressing stroke. Manifestations may include ipsilateral incomplete Horner's syndrome and facial or cervical pain. The diagnosis is based on angiography and verified from repeat angiograms. The most typical finding is an extracranial stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Irregular expansion, double lumen and aneurysmal dilation are also fairly common. The stenotic area usually recanalizes in a few months. Nonsurgical management is recommended. Prompt diagnosis and adequate heparinization with simultaneous start of oral anticoagulation seem to give the best final result.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Malignant melanoma in Auckland, New Zealand.

A retrospective study of 972 patients diagnosed as having cutaneous malignant melanoma in the Auckland area from 1970 to 1985 is presented. The incidence of malignant melanoma in New Zealand is similar to that in Scandinavia, being higher than in the United Kingdom and lower than that in Queensland, Australia. The general trends in terms of anatomic predilection, and sex differences in terms of survival time, are similar in patients living in New Zealand to what has been reported from other countries. The over-all five year survival time of patients with malignant melanoma in New Zealand is within the five year spectrum reported from other countries. Major factors governing survival time in patients in New Zealand are the level of invasion, ulceration of the primary lesion, the presence of local recurrence and, in men, nodular histologic factors and the presence of a primary lesion on either the trunk or the head and neck region. Factors important in governing the incidence of local recurrence are the level of invasion, the presence of satellites, a primary lesion located in the head and neck region and inadequate resection margins in the head and neck region. There is no obvious adverse effect of pregnancy upon the outcome of women with malignant melanoma. Malignant melanoma in patients living in Maori and Polynesia is rare, but clinically, pathologically and prognostically, it is similar to that found in Caucasians.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Childhood sarcoidosis.

Reports from Yugoslavia, France, Great Britain, Scandinavia, Hungary, and various parts of the United States, make it possible to construct a picture of sarcoidosis in children, its natural history and the influence of corticosteroid therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

On geographical variations in the normal range of joint motion.

Fifty Saudi Arabian men 30 to 40 years of age without present or previous history of injury or disease related to the lower extremities were randomly selected for measurement of the range of motion in the basic planes of hip, knee, and ankle joint. The results were compared to a similar study from Scandinavia. There was a highly significant difference in external rotation of the hip, flexion of the knee, and dorsiflexion of the ankle. Cultural differences in the activities of daily life are suggested to explain the differences in the range of motion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Eperythrozoonosis in swine--an overlooked disease?].

In the present work a review is given on the aetiology, clinical symptoms, prevalence and significance of the disease eperythrozoonosis in swine. Clinical outbreaks are characterized by fever, anemia and icterus. Clinical signs are most likely to be observed in young suckling piglets and in sows at the time of farrowing. In most cases infection with Eperythrozoon suis leads to a carrier state of symptomless, subclinical infection which, however, may be activated under conditions of stress. Eperythrozoonosis in swine has been reported from the USA, England, Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium and a few other countries. Due to the latent nature and the non-specific clinical symptoms of the disease it seems likely that the prevalence of E. suis in swine populations may be considerably greater than the number of clinical cases might lead one to suppose. So far, E. suis has not been diagnosed in Scandinavia, but it should not be excluded that eperythrozoonosis may exist as a neglected disease in Nordic swine herds as well.

Anaplasmataceae Infections↗
PubMed1977

Kidney preservation with Collins' and Sachs' solution.

We suggest that the flush-out and short-term-storage solution (Brunius-Gelin) solution so far used in Scandinavia prior to continuous hypothermic perfusion, be replaced by Collins' C2 solution or Sachs' II solution. The question of which one of these should be preferred will need further elucidation. The advantages to be obtained by this change are several: increased simplicity and increased uniformity within our organ exchange organizations as well as the possibility of prolonging non-perfusion preservation periods, with savings in manpower and costs, and increasing simplicity and safety during organ transportation.

Fixatives↗
PubMed1987

[Demonstration of gram-negative bacteria and endotoxins in the air surrounding a sewage treatment plant: effect of contaminated aerosols on the health status of the staff].

Data on airborne gram-negative bacteria and endotoxin contamination in a sewage treatment plant are reported and compared with data from similar plants in Scandinavia. Respiratory, digestive, and cutaneous symptoms were investigated on the basis of medical files. The contamination levels which can be considered safe are discussed in the light of the actual exposure of workers.

Adult↗