SEARCH · Search PubMed
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
A 42-year-old patient from Sri Lanka presented with unilateral panuveitis. The only possible cause detected was ancylostoma duodenale, a parasitosis occurring frequently on the Indian subcontinent. The link between this and uveitis, and the therapeutic consequences, are discussed.
The occurrence of silicone oil-induced cataract following vitreoretinal silicone oil surgery is an unavoidable complication due the metabolic changes. Following extracapsular cataract extraction, extreme fibrosis und shrinkage of the posterior lens capsule was observed in 7 cases when the oil was left in situ. A new procedure was therefore evolved for correcting refraction following vitreoretinal silicone oil surgery. During vitreoretinal surgery, intracapsular cataract extraction is performed or the pseudophakos is removed. When all retinal interventions have been completed, and at the earliest 3 months after silicone oil removal, anterior lens implantation is performed provided the retina is stable.
Of 241 cases operated with pars-plana vitrectomy and silicone oil filling for complicated retinal detachment we performed retinotomies for drainage of subretinal fluid or removal of subretinal strands in 48 cases (20%) and retinectomies for relief of traction in 80 cases (33%). We found no negative influence of these retinotomies and retinectomies on the anatomic or functional outcome in our major indication groups--PVR, PDR and perforating injury. With increasing size of the retinectomy the anatomic success rate fell from 100% in cases with a 90 degrees retinectomy to 76% with a retinectomy larger than 270 degrees. In 21 out of 80 cases traction relief was insufficient so that we had to enlarge the retinectomy. 17 of these 21 cases could then be attached permanently.
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) exhibits a broad spectrum of morphological changes under pathological conditions. Since RPE cells cannot be immunocytochemically characterized with certainty, lectin histochemical investigations were performed to study the lectin binding pattern of different morphological RPE variants in human globes. Normal RPE with attached retinas was compared to reactive changes in RPE following retinal detachment. Lectin binding sites were visualized by a modified PAP technique performed on paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Eight lectins of different sugar affinity (Con A, WGA, PNA, RCA 1, SBA, UEA 1, DBA, LPA) were tested for binding sites on the RPE. Both normal and reactively changed RPE possess receptors for Con A, WGA, PNA, and RCA 1. Modifications in the lectin binding pattern occurred simultaneously with the morphological changes within the RPE cells. RPE cells which form a monolayer on Bruch's membrane mainly have lectin binding sites in their apical portions. Proliferating and migrating RPE cells, especially RPE macrophages, which have withdrawn from the basal cell layer were found to contain lectin binding sites dispersed over the entire cytoplasm. RPE macrophages exhibited additional binding sites for the lectin SBA. These results indicate that RPE cell variants can be designated by means of their specific combination of lectin binding sites for Con A WGA, PNA, and RCA 1 not found on other cell types in the retina.
Clinical follow-ups of 235 patients following vitrectomy and silicone oil injection were evaluated with special regard to the occurrence and time course of reproliferations. The total incidence of reproliferations was 33%. The highest rate was found after ocular injuries (47%), followed by rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (30%) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (23%). In all three groups the incidence of reproliferation was highest during the first three postoperative months. In cases with ocular injuries and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, the rate of reproliferation was found to be highest during the first postoperative month, while in cases of proliferative diabetic retinopathy the incidence peaked during the second and third months. Therefore, in order to prevent complications due to the silicone oil, the oil should be evacuated between the third and sixth postoperative month.
The clinical picture of sarcoidosis varies widely; in many cases there are few symptoms. In cases where the initial symptoms of sarcoidosis are ocular the diagnosis can only be established if systemic disease is considered in differential diagnosis. Five cases with ocular manifestation and unusual findings or development are described.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
PURPOSE: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is elevated in the vitreous of patients with proliferative retinopathies (PR). Angiogenic factors like VEGF are elevated in the urine of subjects with cancers, including those distant from the genitourinary tract. We hypothesized that local increases in VEGF in the vitreous would be reflected in the urine of subjects with PR. METHODS: Urine samples were collected from adults with absent, mild, or severe (requiring laser photocoagulation) PR. VEGF was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Of 42 subjects, 16 had no PR and 26 had PR (8 mild, 18 severe). Thirty subjects had diabetes mellitus; 24 of these had PR. Subjects with PR were older than controls. Subjects with PR tended to have higher urinary VEGF (median 123 pg/ml Cr, range 3--1738) than controls without PR (median 93 pg/ml Cr, range 2--200) (p = 0.08). None of 16 controls, but 11/15 subjects with PR had >200 mg VEGF/mg Cr (p = 0.003), yielding high specificity (100%), but poor sensitivity (42%) of elevated urinary VEGF for PR. Urinary VEGF was also modestly correlated with urinary protein excretion (r(2 ) = 0.23). Correction of VEGF values for urinary protein abrogated any correlation with PR. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary levels of VEGF are associated with PR, but this relationship may be caused by concurrent renal diseases that result in proteinuria and/or renal VEGF production. The insensitivity of the association may preclude its use in screening to avoid eye examinations.
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a potent angiogenic inhibitor. Reduced PEDF levels are associated with diabetic retinopathy. However, the mechanism for the protective effects of PEDF against diabetic retinopathy (DR) is presently unclear. As inflammation plays a role in DR, the present study determined the effect of PEDF on inflammation. Western blot analysis and ELISA demonstrated that retinal and plasma PEDF levels were drastically decreased in rats with endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU), which suggests that PEDF is a negative acute-phase protein. Intravitreal injection of PEDF significantly reduced vascular hyper-permeability in rat models of diabetes and oxygen-induced retinopathy, correlating with the decreased levels of retinal inflammatory factors, including VEGF, VEGF receptor-2, MCP-1, TNF-alpha, and ICAM-1. In cultured retinal capillary endothelial cells, PEDF significantly decreased TNF-alpha and ICAM-1 expression under hypoxia. Moreover, down-regulation of PEDF expression by siRNA resulted in significantly increases of VEGF and TNF-alpha secretion in retinal Müller cells. These findings suggest that PEDF is a novel endogenous anti-inflammatory factor in the eye. The decrease of ocular PEDF levels may contribute to inflammation and vascular leakage in DR.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Free Running Neodymium-Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (FR Nd-YAG) laser coagulation of the macula was performed in seven human eyes. Follow-up varied from 1 to 15 days. Damage to the outer retinal layers was apparent immediately after exposure whilst that in the inner retinal layers developed subsequently. The choriocapillaris and major choroidal vessels were occluded. Visual acuity changed in an unpredictable way.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
PURPOSE: To describe the appearance and clinical course of small, white, endophytic calcific, peripheral lesions in developing retina of premature infants. METHODS: Retrospective review of all patients evaluated for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) at a level I neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in San Jose, CA, between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2004. Patients were examined either in the NICU or the affiliated outpatient clinic. Clinical examination consisted of dilated fundus examination with 360 degree scleral depression. Lesions were identified if they were white, calcific, peripheral, and transient. Ancillary testing and examination of family members was performed as indicated. RESULTS: A total of 302 unique patients were screened for ROP. Ten lesions were identified in seven eyes. Three eyes had two lesions each. All lesions were unilateral. The size of the lesions was estimated to range between 500 and 700 microm. All lesions were located anterior to the vascularized retina, had minimal elevation on scleral depression, and demonstrated a predilection for the nasal and temporal raphe. Ultrasound findings demonstrated an elevated, hyperechoic mass with orbital shadowing. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging tests did not demonstrate the lesions. Lesions involute slowly over a period of 6 months. There were no systemic findings or familial dispositions. CONCLUSION: Immature retina in premature infants may predispose to the formation of transient reactive astrocytic hyperplasia. Development of mature retinal vascularization and spontaneous resolution of lesions should alleviate concerns regarding a more malignant diagnosis.