Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ROENTGENOGRAMS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,351 records · Page 75Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Computerized tomographic evaluation of acetabular anatomy.

In this study, accurate identification of the location of the acetabular teardrop and ilioischial line on the cadaveric pelvis was attempted using computerized tomographic (CT) scanning and conventional roentgenographic techniques. The acetabular teardrops and ilioischial lines of four whole pelvic anatomic specimens were outlined with barium impregnated latex strings utilizing conventional roentgenograms, fluoroscopy, and stereoscopic control. Computed tomographic scanning was then performed, and axial and coronal CT reformations were created. Roentgenograms, CT scans, and magnetic resonance images of the pelves of ten patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head were also reviewed to correlate the cadaveric study with specific clinical cases. The acetabular teardrop is a U-shaped figure on roentgenograms taken in a neutral anteroposterior projection. It is a complex geometric structure found to be in a constant position in the anteroinferior aspect of the acetabular wall. Its appearance changes with rotation of the pelvis or incident beam, as the teardrop represents a two-dimensional image of the tangents of a series of curves of varying radii. The ilioischial line is located posterior to the acetabulum and corresponds to tangents on the cortex of the posterior column. Computed tomography imaging with reconstruction identifies acetabular anatomy most clearly and allows precise measurements to be made.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1992

Hawkins type III fracture-dislocation of the talus and diastasis of the tibiofibular joint without concomitant fracture of the malleolei. A case report.

A 23-year-old man injured his foot in a motorcycle accident. Roentgenograms and computed tomography scans demonstrated a Hawkins Type III fracture-dislocation of the talus with a suspected disruption of the anterior tibiofibular ligament. Prompt anatomic reduction of the talus with rigid internal fixation was performed. Intraoperative stress roentgenograms confirmed the presence of a syndesmotic disruption. No cases of this injury have been reported in the literature. When no obvious fracture of the ankle mortise is present in a Hawkins Type III or IV talar fracture-dislocation, care must be taken to fully evaluate the osseous and ligamentous structures of the ankle to rule out an occult injury. Computed tomography scans, stress roentgenograms, intraoperative clinical examination, and direct visual inspection can all be used to aid in this evaluation.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Infection and asthma. V. Study of childhood asthma and viral infection by cytological analysis of nasal smears].

Cytological analysis of nasal smears was carried out for 295 asthmatic children aged 2 to 15 years old at the time of asthma attack and non-attack, in combination with blood tests and chest roentgenograms. Damaged ciliated cells (ciliocytophhthoria, CCP) were looked for as a marker of viral infections. The appearance rate of greater than 2+ of CCP was higher among children during attack (38/70, 54.3%) than that among children not suffering an attack (6/29, 20.7%); this was pronounced among young children under five. However, the results of blood examinations and chest roentgenograms did not correlate with the rate of positive signs of infections in CCP positive- or negative-attack. These results suggest that the cytological examination of nasal smears in useful in evaluating the presence of viral infections during asthma aggravation among young children, whereas evaluation of these infections may be difficult by blood tests or chest roentgenograms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Sexual dimorphic patterns of ossificated costal cartilages in humans].

Ossification of costal cartilages is one of many changes reflecting their ageing. It is found only in a limited percentage of population and used to begin at various ages. Shape of these ossification changes is different in men and women. Due to heterogeneity of data in literature and scarce amount of information, we decided to evaluate the occurrence of costal cartilage ossifications in a sample of Czech population. Use of roentgenograms of ossification focuses was based on their contrast in x-rays. We have studied altogether 1044 X-rays archived by Department of Radiology at the Teaching Hospital in Hradec Kráov'e. This set comprised roentgenograms of both men and women in age range from 10 to 95 years. Ossification changes of costal cartilages were described on 18 roentgenograms from dissection material as well. These rtg pictures were taken from chest plates and costal cartilages which were obtained from Department of Anatomy and Department of Forensic Medicine at Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové. In this sample of Czech population we confirmed an occurrence of sexual dimorphism of ossified costal cartilages. Statistical evaluation revealed that beginning of these changes depends on the age and sex.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Recurrent pulmonary edema associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome].

A 70-year-old non-obese man with no history of cardiopulmonary disease presented 4 times to the emergency room because of sudden onset of seizure during sleep. Each time he recovered within a few hours without any medication. Nocturnal polysomnographic recording revealed severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS, AHI 52.4/Hr). Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (n-CPAP) therapy was performed with 10cmH2O of pressure. His symptoms of severe daytime sleepiness and seizure were diminished. CPAP was decreased from 10cmH2O to 6 cmH2O later, because the patient complained with its high pressure. He then felt daytime sleepiness and suffered seizures during sleep again, and was re-admitted to our hospital. Chest roentgenogram taken at this admission showed remarkable pulmonary edema. We found that the pulmonary edema was recognized every time on his chest roentgenogram taken when he complained seizure. In addition, subsequesnt roentgenograms also showed that the pulmonary edema was diminished soon. On the other hand, his AHI was high (24.7/hr) even when he was under 6cmH2O of n-CPAP. We concluded that incompletely treated OSAS might lead not only to pulmonary edema, but also to seizures in this patient.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[An X-ray study of catheters abnormally placed in the epidural space].

We investigated the roentgenogram of the epidural catheter in 82 patients in whom the injection of local anesthetics had no effect. Contrast medium 0.5 ml was injected through the epidural catheter and antero-posterior roentgenogram was taken. The roentgenograms were categorized into three patterns, according to the relationship of the catheter to the pedicle of lamina, or to the spread of contrast medium. In 43 cases, the catheter passed through the intervertebral foramen. The tip of the catheter was located outside the foramen, and the contrast medium spread outside the vertebra. In 4 cases, the tip of the catheter was located laterally in the vertebral column, and only the catheter itself was contrasted but no spread of medium was observed. The catheter was thought to be misinserted intravascularly. In other 35 cases, catheter ran laterally on the pedicle of lamina, or the spread of medium 2 mins after the injection was indicated by a dumpling-shape even when the tip was in the vertebral column. In these cases, the catheter was thought not to be outside the epidural space.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1991

[A case of oral gold tablet-induced interstitial pneumonitis].

A 76-year-old woman was admitted with exertional dyspnea and chest roentgenographical abnormal shadows appearing after oral gold therapy (total 720 mg) for rheumatoid arthritis. Based on the patient's clinical course, chest roentgenograms, chest CT and pathological findings of TBLB specimens, gold pneumonitis was diagnosed. Steroid therapy improved symptoms and pulmonary function and cotton-like shadows on chest roentgenograms and chest CT scanning. However, linear and large ringed shadows on chest roentgenograms and chest CT scan remained, even after steroid therapy. This case is the first case of oral gold tablet-induced pneumonitis. Although the mechanism of oral gold tablet-induced pneumonitis is considered to be almost the same that of gold injection therapy-induced pneumonitis, this case suggested that fibrotic changes in oral gold tablet-induced pneumonitis may be delayed over a long period.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Risk stratification of ambulatory patients suspected of Pneumocystis pneumonia.

To determine whether aspects of clinical history, physical examination, and laboratory studies improve the diagnostic accuracy of the chest roentgenogram in the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), we followed up 302 consecutive patients with respiratory symptoms and risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus. Of the 279 patients (92%) with follow-up information available, 31 (11%) were diagnosed with PCP. Only 68% of patients with PCP had typical chest roentgenograms. Regression analysis identified four independent predictors of PCP: diffuse or perihilar infiltrates, presence of mouth lesions, lactate dehydrogenase level more than 220 U/L, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate 50 mm/h or more. Using these four predictors, patients could be stratified into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups for PCP. We suggest that examination of the mouth, chest roentgenogram, lactate dehydrogenase level, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate be part of the evaluation of ambulatory patients with respiratory symptoms at risk for human immunodeficiency virus.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The role of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles in glenohumeral kinematics of anterior should instability.

To investigate a socket mechanism responsible for controlling the kinematics in the statically positioned glenohumeral joint, a suprascapular nerve block was performed in 13 selected patients, with recurrent anterior instability and defects of the labrum. Kinematics were then documented by roentgenograms in four positions within the horizontal motion plane. Combined paralysis of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles resulted in abnormal anterior translation in only two of 47 roentgenograms. Normal ball-and-socket kinematics were retained in the remaining 45 roentgenograms. The consistent arthroscopic findings were an undamaged glenoid articular surface with a detached or absent labrum. The injury to the labrum reduced the depth of the socket by one-half. The other one-half of the socket provided by the contour of the glenoid remained intact. A balanced muscle envelope was not required to maintain normal kinematics in selected, actively positioned, unstable shoulders. The retained glenoid depth was sufficient to produce the observed ball-and-socket kinematics. Further in vivo study of shoulder kinematics will be needed to clarify the interactive roles of the socket and muscle envelope in maintaining glenohumeral stability during the more demanding stresses during active shoulder motion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Minor anatomic abnormalities of the hip joint persisting from childhood and their possible relationship to idiopathic osteoarthrosis.

A retrospective review was made of roentgenograms from 30 patients with idiopathic osteoarthrosis of the hip. The roentgenograms were taken before the onset or very early in the course of the disease. Nine measurements were made on the anteroposterior and cross-table lateral roentgenograms. These were compared to 54 hips from normal patients. Twenty-nine of 30 patients had abnormal measurements, with as many as seven in a single individual, when compared to normal patients. There were no abnormalities in the control group. The availability of lateral views allowed an additional dimension to be added to previous studies in the literature. This study lends further support to the biomechanical theory of the etiology of idiopathic osteoarthrosis of the hip.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Treatment of the unstable intertrochanteric fracture. Effect of the placement of the screw, its angle of insertion, and osteotomy.

We created unstable intertrochanteric fractures with a large posteromedial defect in eighteen pairs of fresh-frozen femora from cadavera, and used the femora to evaluate the stability of six combinations of treatment with sliding compression screws and sideplates. The variables that were tested were high (150-degree) angle plates compared with low (130-degree) angle plates, the position of the lag-screw in the femoral head and neck (in the center of the head as seen on both anteroposterior and lateral roentgenograms compared with posteroinferiorly), and whether or not medial cortical contact had been re-established with a limited osteotomy of the greater trochanter. The femora were loaded to the point of failure. The mode of failure, maximum load to failure, and bending rigidity of each method of fixation were measured. Of the six types of treatment, the use of a 150-degree-angle plate, position of the lag-screw in the center of the head as seen on both anteroposterior and lateral roentgenograms, and osteotomy of the greater trochanter resulted in the highest mean load to failure and the greatest rigidity. Over-all, re-establishment of medial cortical contact by means of an osteotomy of the greater trochanter significantly improved the mean load to failure and the rigidity of the fixation. The higher-angle plate, although more difficult to insert, increased the mean load to failure but had no effect on rigidity. The position of the lag-screw (in the center of the head as seen on both anteroposterior and lateral roentgenograms or posteroinferiorly) had no bearing on the mean load to failure, but it significantly affected the mode of failure.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1990

[Roentgenographic manifestations of peripheral bronchogenic carcinomas].

Peripheral bronchogenic carcinomas in early clinical stage are discovered by plain chest roentgenogram, and good prognosis will be expected by surgical resection. 20 bronchogenic carcinomas (18 adenocarcinomas, one squamous cell carcinoma, and one large cell carcinoma) in 19 patients were examined. 9 cases presented noduler lesion on the plain chest roentgenogram, and the other presented 7 focal patchy shadow and 4 band-like shadow. Thin-section CT could demonstrated indented pleura (95%), notch (95%), convergence of peripheral vessels (70%), irregular border (75%). In adenocarcinomas, thin-section CT demonstrated airbronchogram or airbronchiologram (61%), multiple small cavitation (61%), and heterogeneous density (56%). CT-pathologic correlation proved thin-section CT could demonstrate tumor's internal texture and fine detail of tumor-lung interface. Small peripheral lung cancer in early stage could be discovered by plain chest roentgenogram, and thin-section CT was useful for the diagnosis of small peripheral bronchogenic carcinomas, especially adenocarcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Relationship of chest roentgenographic features and outcome in meconium aspiration syndrome].

Aspiration of meconium may produce respiratory distress of various severity and outcome. It is the purpose of this study to evaluate the relationship between roentgenographic feature of initial chest roentgenogram (less than 10 hours old) and outcome in infants with meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). We analyzed retrospectively the clinical data and initial chest roentgenograms of 65 infants who had MAS and who were admitted to NICU of Mackay Memorial Hospital in 1987. The incidence and the mortality rate in this hospital were 0.33% and 15.4% respectively. Infiltration was seen in 52, consolidation or atelectasis in 18, hyperinflation in 17, air leak in 11, and cardiomegaly in 4. The outcome was similar between infants with the first four features. Four infants with cardiomegaly also had other types of roentgenographic feature and PH value of initial blood gas less than 7.0, which means that their poor outcome was influenced by multiple factors. From this observation we concluded that the initial chest roentgenogram is a useful aid for the diagnosis and treatment of MAS, but it is not suitable for predicting the outcome of infants with MAS.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Radiological and computed tomographic studies of the width of the normal hip joint in men aged 30-60 years.

We made an attempt to evaluate the width of the joint space of the normal hip joint in men aged 30-60 years. We analysed 164 roentgenograms and 68 CT scans of the pelvis measuring the width of the right and left hip joint in four segments of the frontal plane (roentgenograms) and in three segments of the horizontal plane (CT scans). In each segment we determined the mean width of the joint space and mutual relation between the measurements by an analysis of variance and correlation coefficient. It was shown that with advancing age of the patient the joint space increased bilaterally in the inferoposterior part (segment IV on the roentgenograms and segment III on the CT scans). The width of the joint space did not change significantly with age in the remaining segments of the hip joint.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Prediction rules for selective radiographic assessment of extremity injuries in children and adolescents.

To assess the potential for selective use of roentgenography in evaluating extremity injuries, prediction rules were developed based on prospective observations for 617 injured children and adolescents examined in our Emergency Department (phase 1) and tested on 601 examined 1 year later (phase 2). Logit analysis produced best-fitting statistical models for phase 1 data with significant (P less than 0.05) direct effects of gross signs, point tenderness, activity not routine, swelling moderate or severe, time from injury less than 6 hours, and pain with motion for upper extremity injuries; and, for lower extremity injuries, not knee injury, activity not routine, point tenderness, and foot injury. Prediction rules developed in phase 1 performed equally well when tested on phase 2 injuries. Data from both phases were combined, therefore, in analysis that produced risk estimates. For all injury types (ie, for injuries with all possible combinations of presence or absence of these findings), risk for fracture was derived. For upper extremity injuries, with a threshold risk for fracture of 20% used to select specific injury types for roentgenography, prediction rule outcomes were 18.1% of roentgenograms avoided and 5.3% of fractures missed. For lower extremity injuries, using a threshold risk of 10% to select injury types for roentgenography, outcomes were 25.8% of roentgenograms avoided and 5.3% of fractures missed. Alternative prediction rules allowed still greater roentgenogram avoidance, although missed fractures also increased. Risk of adverse functional outcome from missed fractures appeared small. Annual national cost savings from the elimination of 18.1% of upper and 25.8% of lower extremity roentgenographic evaluations was estimated at $103 million.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The laboratory assessment of allergic disease in a veteran population.

In a series of 101 allergy clinic patients, the degree of atopy by clinical history and skin testing was compared with the serum IgE level, total eosinophil count, sinus roentgenograms, and ventilatory function tests. Serum IgE levels were statistically related to the clinical history and skin test evidence for atopy; however, there was a marked overlap in atopic and nonatopic patients. Although sinus roentgenograms were frequently abnormal (50%), the presence or absence of the radiographic sinus abnormality had no relationship to the skin test results, clinical history of allergy, eosinophil count, or serum IgE level. The presence of a sinus roentgenogram abnormality did correlate with the extent of respiratory disease. Similarly, the eosinophil count correlated with the extent of respiratory involvement rather than IgE-mediated hypersensitivity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bronchoalveolar lavage in the assessment of pulmonary Hodgkin's disease.

Abnormal chest radiographs in patients with Hodgkin's disease are occasionally due to pulmonary Hodgkin's disease. The fluids recovered from bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) from 50 patients prior to autologous bone marrow transplantation for advanced Hodgkin's disease were examined. Abnormal chest roentgenograms were present in 24 patients (48%); 4 (17%) of these had Reed-Sternberg cells or their mononucleated variants in the lavage fluid and an alveolar lymphocytosis averaging 31.4% (normal: 11.5%). The lymphocytes were small and monotonous. Of the 20 patients with abnormal chest roentgenograms but no Reed-Sternberg cells in the lavage fluid, the lymphocyte count was 10.88%, with only 3 patients exceeding 17%. Two patients with normal chest roentgenograms had Reed-Sternberg-like cells in their lavage fluids and averaged 23% lymphocytes in their lavage differential count. Eosinophils averaged 1% or less of the lavage differential and were not predictive of pulmonary Hodgkin's disease. This experience suggests that pulmonary Hodgkin's disease can be diagnosed by BAL. Reed-Sternberg cells and their mononucleated variants can be recognized by their characteristic cytomorphologic features, although care must be taken not to misinterpret reactive binucleated macrophages as neoplastic cells. In patients with Hodgkin's disease, Reed-Sternberg cells should be sought when an alveolar lymphocytosis is present.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1989

Prospective trial of the six hour rule in stab wounds of the chest.

Stab wounds of the chest may be associated with a spectrum of injuries ranging from the lethal to the insignificant. The management of asymptomatic patients with stab wounds of the chest is controversial. The results of previous reports have asserted that asymptomatic patients with stab wounds of the chest do not have delayed complications develop if roentgenograms of the chest taken six hours after the injury are normal. This "rule" has not been validated. A three year, prospective study of patients with stab wounds of the chest was done. Patients were excluded from the study if they had symptoms on arrival, evidence of physiologic derangement caused by intrathoracic injury, wounds near the subclavian vessels or precordial wounds. Patients with lower thoracic stab wounds were evaluated by diagnostic peritoneal lavage. If findings from lavage were negative, the patients were included in the study. One hundred and five patients met the criteria for inclusion in the study group. All of the patients were hospitalized and examined serially. All had roentgenograms of the chest performed at admission, at six hours and at 24 hours. Four patients had a pneumothorax or hemothorax develop between the time of admission and six hours of hospitalization. In the remaining 101 patients, none had a pneumothorax or hemothorax between six and 24 hours. No patient asymptomatic on admission had a tension pneumothorax develop later. No patient had delayed evidence of abdominal injury. An asymptomatic patient with a stab wound of the chest that is not precordial, not in proximity to the subclavian artery and not suspected of diaphragmatic penetration should be serially examined and have a follow-up roentgenogram of the chest at six hours. If the patient remains asymptomatic and the six hour film is normal, delayed complications are rarely, if ever, encountered and the patient does not require further studies or hospitalization. The six hour rule for stab wounds of the chest is valid.

Adolescent↗