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[A method for the electrical impulse profilometry of the vesicoureteral segment].

The proposed technique of electric stimulation (electric pulse profilometry) of vesicoureteral segment provides further possibilities in diagnosis, for children with reflux in particular. It enables one to identify the severity of pathological changes, the degree of immaturity of the aforementioned system and to assess the efficacy and potential of the method in children. The advisability of the technique, that could be monitored by various objective parameters derived from the comparison of the background and stimulation effect, was confirmed by the findings in 9 children with refluxed megaloureter.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Carbon dioxide cystometry and postural changes in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Ninety-one subjects with multiple sclerosis were evaluated by carbon dioxide cystometry in the supine, sitting, and standing positions, and by water cystometry in the supine position. Detrusor responses in supine studies were characterized as normal, hyperreflexic, or areflexic. Carbon dioxide and water cystometry were without difference in determining types of detrusor responses. Positional changes (particularly standing) resulted in reassessing of normal supine bladder responses as hyperreflexic. Hyperreflexia was aggravated with sitting and standing. Positional changes did not demonstrate conversion of areflexia to hyperreflexia. The relatively small proportion of dyssynergic sphincter responses probably represents a population of patients with early stage multiple sclerosis. Carbon dioxide cystometry, with positional changes, is relatively safe, easily performed, and an accurate method of evaluating detrusor response in patients with multiple sclerosis who have a changing clinical course or unresponsiveness to treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Neurological evaluation of the newborn.

The neurological examination is an integral part of the evaluation of the newborn infant. In too many instances the infant is dismissed from the nursery as 'normal' when,in fact, little or no effort has been expended to determine the body's neurological status. The neurological deficits overlooked often do not become overt until a much later age. Early detection can prevent the mental anguish that plagues the parents who must be told that their 'normal' infant has significant neurological problems. In some instances early diagnosis may lead to a better ultimate prognosis. We have presented a simple scheme for the neurological evaluation of the full-term infant and hope that it will be useful in encouraging pediatricians to assess neurological status.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1988

Mechanical and anatomic hip flexion angles on seating children with cerebral palsy.

This study measured anatomic hip flexion angles (AHFAs) at specific and known mechanical hip flexion angles (MHFAs) (ie, seat-to-back angles) in order to determine the relationship between the two in the seated position. Six able-bodied children and 12 children with cerebral palsy were placed in eight different MHFA positions while AHFA was simultaneously measured. It was found that, although related, the hip flexion angle and the angle between the backrest and seat surface are not equal in most seated positions. The difference between AHFA and MHFA was greater in the children with cerebral palsy than in the able-bodied. The hip flexion angle of the child in the seated position should not be described as the angle between the backrest and seat surface or the angle of inclination of the backrest.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1987

Importance of the visual and vestibular cortex for self-motion perception in man (circularvection).

Circularvection (CV), the optokinetically induced perception of self-motion, is based neurophysiologically upon visual-vestibular convergence. It is yet not known which visual pathways--subcortical accessory optic tract and/or cortical striate projection--convey optokinetic information to the central vestibular system in order to make possible the convergence that has been found: the vestibular nuclei, the thalamus and the vestibular cortex. The functional significance of the visual cortex was demonstrated in 12 patients with homonymous hemianopia who neither perceived CV nor exhibited a postural destabilization when exposed to optokinetic pattern motion (yaw or roll) restricted to the scotoma. The functional significance of the vestibular cortex as well as ipsilateral visual-vestibular interaction was demonstrated in 4 (out of 20) patients with tumour lesions involving the vestibular cortex areas. They either failed to perceive CV or showed a significant increase of CV-latencies when monocular optokinetic stimulation was restricted to the ipsilateral visual cortex. Arguments for and against the following hypothesis are discussed: circularvection is induced by visual motion stimulation of the primary visual cortex which then activates vestibular nuclei neurons by descending pathways and which also informs the vestibular cortex that self-motion with a perceptual direction is involved. Determination of the velocity of CV is mediated by direct visual-vestibular cortex interaction, which most probably is also involved in the perceptual interpretation of motion perception: Self-motion versus object-motion.

Adult↗