Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Questionnaire Design”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,351 records · Page 75Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Social influences on physical activity in Anglo- and Vietnamese-Australian adolescent males in a single sex school.

Understanding factors that influence physical activity levels of adolescents can assist the design of more effective interventions. Social support is a consistent correlate of youth physical activity but few studies have examined this in different cultural settings. Male adolescents (n=180, age=13.58+/-0.97 years) from a metropolitan single sex private school participated in this study. Habitual physical activity was estimated using the 3-day physical activity recall (3dPAR), and aspects of social support to be physically active using a specifically designed questionnaire. Comparisons were made between Anglo-Australians (n=118), whose parents were both born in Australia, and Vietnamese-Australians (n=62), whose parents were both born in Vietnam. There was a trend towards higher physical activity among Anglo-Australians, particularly on weekends. Anglo-Australians reported significantly more parental and peer support across most items pertaining to these constructs. Among the whole sample, social support variables explained 5-12% of the total explained variance in physical activity, with items pertaining to father and best friend support emerging as the strongest and most consistent predictors in multiple regression models. Among Anglo-Australians, the prediction models were relatively weak, explaining 0-9% of the total explained variance in physical activity. Prediction models for physical activity among Vietnamese-Australians were much stronger, explaining 11-32% of the total explained variance, with father's support variables contributing consistently to these models. The strong paternal influence on physical activity among Vietnamese-Australians needs to be confirmed in more diverse population groups, but results from this study suggest that interventions promoting physical activity among adolescent boys need to take into account cultural background as a moderator of widely reported social influences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Physicians' views and practices concerning menopausal hormone therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To examine physicians' views and practices concerning estrogen+progestogen therapy (EPT). DESIGN: Questionnaires were mailed to a random sample of physicians in the United States (US) in 2003. A total of 1614 (53.8%) surveys were returned (633 obstetricians and gynecologists (Ob/Gyns), 571 family practitioners, and 410 internists). RESULTS: Only a minority of the physicians (16%) would offer EPT to menopausal women in the absence of menopausal symptoms (26% Ob/Gyn, 11% family practitioners, 6% internists, p<0.0001). However, many physicians (62%) believed that EPT could be offered "short term" to menopausal women with menopausal symptoms assuming no contraindications (82% Ob/Gyn, 54% family practitioners, 42% internists; p<0.0001). Irrespective of specialty, the strongest contraindications to EPT use reported by these physicians were personal history of breast cancer (93%), thrombosis (92%), cerebrovascular disease (84%), ischemic heart disease (74%), uterine cancer (73%), as well as women's subjective "concern" about breast cancer (57%). Procedures reported as always required by physicians for continuing women on EPT were breast examination (97%), mammogram (96%), blood pressure measurement (94%), and pelvic examination (91%). CONCLUSIONS: Internists and family practitioners address more contraindications to EPT use than Ob-Gyns. Although many physicians appear to be accepting of short-term use of EPT for menopausal indications in the absence of contraindications, the majority would not prescribe it for prophylactic purposes.

Contraindications↗
PubMed2004

Clastogenic effect for cigarette smoking but not areca quid chewing as measured by micronuclei in exfoliated buccal mucosal cells.

The objective of this study was to use the micronuclei from exfoliated buccal mucosal cells to investigate the clastogenic effects of areca quid chewing and cigarette smoking, as well as the interaction between the two. The study population was selected from residents of seven villages recruited for a community-cohort study. A total of 141 subjects were recruited based on the regular consumption of cigarettes and betel quid. Salient personal characteristics were collected from interview using a specially designed questionnaire. Micronuclei were scored on Feulgen/fast green-stained smear preparations of exfoliated cells obtained by scraping the surface of the buccal mucosa. There was no significant interaction between the chewing of betel nut and cigarette smoking. Heavy smoking was positively associated with MN frequency, with areca quid chewing negatively associated. A significant positive trend was demonstrated for the relationship between MN frequency and either daily cigarette consumption or cumulative smoking pack-years. By contrast, negative trends were demonstrated for the analogous relationships with areca quid chewing. These results indicate that heavy smoking, but not areca quid chewing, increases MN formation. These findings suggest that the carcinogenesis of the oral cancers induced by areca quid chewing in Taiwan may be through a pathway other than genotoxicity.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Awareness of general practitioners towards treatment of laryngopharyngeal reflux: a British survey.

OBJECTIVE: Patients with acid reflux can occasionally present with atypical symptoms such as globus pharyngeus, constant throat clearing, chronic cough, hoarseness, catarrh, choking episodes or asthma-like symptoms. The aim of this survey was to determine whether general practitioners are aware of the atypical manifestations of reflux and the differences in treatment between laryngopharyngeal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux. DESIGN: Questionnaire Survey. SETTING: Primary Care RESULTS: One hundred and sixty general practitioners who routinely refer patients to our Department of Otolaryngology were selected and a postal survey was conducted. One hundred and fifty of these responded (94% response rate). The commonest symptoms for which proton pump inhibitors are prescribed are heartburn (65%), followed by a combination of heartburn and other symptoms (15%), chronic cough (4%), choking episodes (4%), asthma-like symptoms (3%), hoarseness (2%), globus (2%), catarrh (1%), dysphagia (1.5%), frequent throat clearing (1.5%), halitosis and/or bitter taste (1%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the majority of the general practitioners surveyed are unaware of the entity laryngopharyngeal reflux or reflux symptom index. More awareness is required in the primary care setting for early recognition of patients with suspected laryngopharyngeal reflux.

Anti-Ulcer Agents↗
PubMed2006

Acoustic parameters of snoring sound to assess the effectiveness of sleep nasendoscopy in predicting surgical outcome.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of two grading systems used to predict surgical outcome in nonapneic snorers. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective observational study. Prior to undergoing palatal surgery, 20 patients completed a sleep nasendoscopic examination involving sequential steady-state sedation with intravenous propofol. Using a combination of acoustic parameters of snoring sound as an objective outcome measurement, and the answers to a specifically designed questionnaire as a subjective outcome measurement, the effectiveness of each grading system in predicting surgical outcome was examined. RESULTS: Depending on the outcome measurement used, sensitivity in predicting success of surgery for snoring varied from 16.7% to 50.0% and specificity from 38.5% to 62.5% for the Pringle and Croft system, while sensitivity varied from 91.7% to 100% and specificity from 30.8% to 31.5% for the Camilleri system. CONCLUSION: Sleep nasendoscopy using these classifications cannot be recommended as a reliable predictor of surgical outcome in nonapneic snorers. EBM RATING: C-4.

Acoustics↗
PubMed2004

Clinical practice guidelines to improve shared decision-making about assistive device use in home care: a pilot intervention study.

This study examines whether clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for the introduction of assistive devices (ADs) in home care improve shared decision-making about AD use and modify its social-cognitive correlates. Data were collected in an intervention study with quasi-experimental design. Questionnaires were obtained from 116 home nurses and home care workers and their 140 clients with disabilities. Significant differences between intervention and control group revealed that implementation of CPG improved home nurses' and home care workers' self-reported practice: the number of intervention methods they applied increased, and the methods were applied with increased intensity. Nurses' attitudes towards introducing ADs in a shared decision-making process decreased in both intervention group and control group over time. Clients' reports about caregivers' practice showed a minor concurrence with the reports of the caregivers themselves. The complexity of the CPG and a substantial time investment were reported as the main barriers to involving clients in shared decision-making through the experimental CPG. Nevertheless, CPG hold promise for shared decision-making between formal caregivers and community-dwelling persons with disabilities concerning AD use. The findings suggest that these CPG can structure communication between caregiver and client, and can support caregivers in facilitating clients' self-determination concerning coping with their disabilities.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2004

Risk factors for developing epilepsy after neonatal seizures.

The objective of this study was to determine clinical and polysomnographic risk factors that might be early predictors for the development of postnatal epilepsy in a cohort of infants with seizures. The study sample included 158 infants who presented two or more clinically proven seizures. Gestational, perinatal, and polysomnographic data were obtained retrospectively. A questionnaire designed to detect patients with epilepsy in the community was prospectively given to all families, and the positive cases were reassessed for confirmation of epilepsy. Epilepsy rate after neonatal seizures was 22% within 12 months of follow-up and 33.8% within 48 months. Transient electrolytic imbalance and perinatal asphyxia were the most frequent etiologic factors associated with neonatal seizures. More than one seizure type was detected in 17.3% (n = 22) of cases and strongly associated with central nervous system infection (relative risk [RR] = 3.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24-7.40, P = 0.02). Focal symptomatic epilepsy (P = 0.01) and syndromes not determined as focal or generalized (P = 0.04) were also associated with central nervous system infection. Abnormal polysomnographic recordings (P = 0.09) and abnormal neurologic examination on discharge (P < 0.01) were correlated with postnatal epilepsy. No differences were observed between premature and term infants concerning outcome. Neonatal seizures were associated with a high incidence of postnatal epilepsy in the cohort, including epileptic syndromes with catastrophic evolution. Abnormal neurologic examination on discharge was a good predictor of an unfavorable outcome and abnormal polysomnographic recording a moderate predictor.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed2005

Specialist public health capacity in England: working in the new primary care organizations.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the capacity and development needs, in relation to key areas of competency and skills, of the specialist public health workforce based in primary care organizations following the 2001 restructuring of the UK National Health Service. STUDY DESIGN: Questionnaire survey to all consultants and specialists in public health (including directors of public health) based in primary care trusts (PCTs) and strategic health authorities (SHAs) in England. RESULTS: Participants reported a high degree of competency. However, skill gaps were evident in some areas of public health practice, most notably "developing quality and risk management" and in relation to media communication, computing, management and leadership. In general, medically qualified individuals were weaker on community development than non-medically qualified specialists, and non-medically qualified specialists were less able to perform tasks that require epidemiological or clinical expertise than medically qualified specialists. Less than 50% of specialists felt that their links to external organizations, including public health networks, were strong. Twenty-nine percent of respondents felt professionally isolated and 22% reported inadequate team working within their PCT or SHA. Approximately 21% of respondents expressed concerns that they did not have access to enough expertise to fulfil their tasks and that their skills were not being adequately utilized. CONCLUSIONS: Some important skill gaps are evident among the specialist public health workforce although, in general, a high degree of competency was reported. This suggests that the capacity deficit is a problem of numbers of specialists rather than an overall lack of appropriate skills. Professional isolation must be addressed by encouraging greater partnership working across teams.

England↗
PubMed2005

Population mobility: characteristics of people registering with general practices.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of patients joining general practitioners' (GP) lists, and the time taken to register after a move of residence. STUDY DESIGN: Questionnaire study. METHODS: Staff in six London general practices administered the questionnaire to 642 newly registering adults. RESULTS: Nearly 40% of participants took longer than 6 months to re-register with a GP after a change of address. About one in eight participants (13%) took longer than 1 year and one in 14 (7%) took longer than 3 years to register. The overall median time to register after a move was 4 months. The amount of time taken to register appeared to be influenced by a number of factors, including gender, age and geographical location. CONCLUSIONS: Population mobility and the time taken to register with a new GP is likely to have a major impact on access to health care and the effectiveness of local preventative health programmes. Primary care trusts need to encourage their local residents to register with a GP soon after a change of address, and develop initiatives to encourage participation in preventative health programmes amongst mobile groups. Additional measures to strengthen primary care provision, such as walk-in centres, may be required in areas with the highest levels of population turnover.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The geographical distribution of specialists in public health in the United Kingdom: is capacity related to need?

OBJECTIVES: Recent organizational changes reflect the need to be more responsive to local populations and have included fostering a closer structural relationship between primary care and public health. In light of this, we explore the distribution of the specialist public health workforce and the relationship with population deprivation and need. STUDY DESIGN: Questionnaire survey to all directors of public health working in primary care trusts (PCTs) and strategic health authorities (SHAs) in England to determine the number of specialists in public health working in either PCTs or SHAs. All identified specialists were given the opportunity to self-define in a further questionnaire survey. Whole-time-equivalent staffing, per head of population, was analysed against socio-economic deprivation, measured by the DETR 2000 Index of Multiple Deprivation. The analysis was conducted at the SHA level. RESULTS: The survey was undertaken whilst public health in the UK was undergoing immense change. This presented specific challenges in identifying specialists in public health working within PCTs and SHAs. Seven hundred and eighty-three specialists working in PCTs and SHAs were identified. On average, in England, there are 1.69 specialists in public health per 100,000 population, with some variability at SHA level (range = 0.8-2.89). Findings indicate an overall positive association between capacity at SHA level and socio-economic need, although some discrepancies between need and provision are apparent. CONCLUSIONS: The general positive association between capacity and deprivation should offer some reassurance to policy makers, researchers and patients alike. However, further efforts are needed to redistribute specialists in some areas to address organizational capacity and equity issues.

England↗
PubMed2004

Cost-benefit analysis of an integrated approach to reduce psychosocial trauma following neurosurgery compared with standard care: two-year prospective comparative study of enhanced specialist liaison nurse service for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (ASAH) patients and carers.

BACKGROUND: Dysfunctional psychosocial stress often follows standard treatment for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (ASAH). An enhanced Specialist Liaison Nurse (SLN) service sought to reduce this stress in a 2-year comparative prospective study, and was designed to determine if such a service would be cost-effective? METHOD: Clinical data based on consultant notes, included Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and high-risk bleed score. Psychosocial outcomes used a standardized patient/carer designed questionnaire to compare outcomes of the SLN cohort (n = 184) with retrospective 18/12 control ASAH cohort (n = 142). Costs-benefits analysis identified savings in reduced need for subsequent medical care, time-off-work, and contributions to the economy. RESULTS: The cohorts were socio-clinically well matched; 54% aged less than 55 years, 83% were middle-class and 32% had children still in school; 65% of SLN patients had high risk bleeds, and 81% were Grade 1 and 2 on the G.C.S. The SLN patients and carers had statistically significantly reduced psychosocial trauma compared to controls, with early and easy accessibility being the key to success of SLN. Net savings of $280,000 per annum at 2003 prices, from reduced time-off work, re-admissions and saved medical time. Prospectively, more than $3.03 million is added to the national economy by the 80% of employed patients returning to work. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that an integrated ASAH treatment yields major psychosocial and economic benefits. Dysfunctional stress after an ASAH is not inevitable in the majority of patients. High-technology neurosurgery is not just a public cost but also improves and saves lives and generates revenue.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Negative attitude of highly educated parents and health care workers towards future vaccinations in the Dutch childhood vaccination program.

BACKGROUND: It is unknown whether further expansion of the Dutch childhood vaccination program with other vaccines will be accepted and whom should be targeted in educational strategies. AIM: To determine attitudes of parents towards possible future vaccinations for their children and the behavioural determinants associated with a negative attitude. DESIGN: Questionnaire study. METHODS: Parents of children aged between 3 months and 5 years of day-care centres were asked to fill out a questionnaire. Determinants of a negative attitude to comply with possible future vaccinations against example diseases such as pneumonia or influenza, hepatitis B, TBC, smallpox and SARS were assessed using polytomous logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Of the 283 respondents, 123 (43%) reported a positive attitude towards all vaccinations, 129 (46%) reported to have a positive attitude to have their child vaccinated against some diseases and 31 (11%) had no intention to comply with any new vaccination. Determinants of a fully negative attitude were a high education of the parent (odds ratio [OR] 3.3, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.3-8.6), being a health care worker (OR 4.2, 95% CI: 1.4-12.6), absence of religion (OR 2.6, 95% CI: 1.0-6.7), perception of vaccine ineffectiveness (OR 6.9, 95% CI: 2.5-18.9) and the perception that vaccinations cause asthma or allergies (OR 82.4, 95% CI: 8.9-766.8). CONCLUSION: Modifiable determinants for a negative attitude to comply with new vaccinations are mainly based on lack of specific knowledge. These barriers to vaccinations might be overcome by improving health education in the vaccination program, especially when targeted at educated parents and health care workers.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Pilot study of vaginal plethysmography in women treated with radiotherapy for gynecological cancer.

OBJECTIVE: After pelvic radiotherapy for gynecological cancer, changes in the vaginal epithelium might influence sexual arousal and satisfaction, leading to dyspareunia and relational problems. The aim of the study was to determine the feasibility of vaginal plethysmography in order to measure physical late effects of this therapy on sexual function. METHODS: Patients treated with radiotherapy for cervical, endometrial, or ovarian cancer, who were in complete remission for over 1 year, underwent vaginal plethysmography to measure changes in vaginal vasocongestion, while watching erotic video fragments. Afterward two questionnaires, designed to measure feelings of sexual arousal during the video, and to identify sexual dysfunction, were completed. The results were compared with those of healthy women. RESULTS: Patients (n = 9) and volunteers (n = 8) did not differ in baseline amplitude of plethysmography and showed comparable changes in vaginal vasocongestion during the various video fragments. The decline in amplitude during the last video fragment in the patient group did not reach significance, but the group of patients is small and heterogeneous. Addressing subjective sexual arousal during the video, patients reported less feelings of lust and desire and fewer bodily sensations while watching than the controls. Patients worried more about the sexual satisfaction of their partners than controls. CONCLUSION: Vaginal plethysmography can be used to measure vaginal vasocongestion in patients treated with radiotherapy to the proximal vagina. In this pilot study the changes of vaginal vasocongestion during sexual arousal between patients and healthy volunteers were not different. This correlates with a comparable sexual satisfaction, although patients reported less feelings of lust.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Lifestyles and health-related quality of life in Japanese school children: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Lifestyles are associated with physical and mental health status, as well as health-related quality of life (QOL) in adults. There is little information about relation between lifestyles and QOL in children. This study aims to examine the correlation among Japanese children. METHODS: Subjects were from the Toyama Birth Cohort Study, a prospective, longitudinal survey of children born between 1989 and 1990 in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. When children were 12-13 years in 2002, a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was administered. The questionnaire designed to measure lifestyles included questions on eating, physical activity, sleep, and other factors. For QOL measurement, a validated Japanese version of the COOP Charts was used. Data from 7,887 children were available and logistic regression analyses were used. RESULTS: Children with undesirable lifestyles, such as skipping breakfast, less participation in physical activity, longer television viewing, and later bedtime, were more likely to have poor QOL in domains of physical fitness, feelings, overall health, and quality of life. These correlations were independent of sex, BMI, social background, and somatic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Undesirable lifestyles are positively associated with impaired QOL among children. Further understanding of these relationships will facilitate the development of interventions to help children with poor QOL.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Patients' perceptions of emotional support and information provided to family members.

The purpose of this quality improvement project was to determine patients' perceptions of the emotional support and information provided to their family members by nurses in a day surgery setting. The project was conducted in a day surgery unit of a hospital in western Finland. Data were collected from 60 participants using a questionnaire designed specifically for the project. The results showed that half of the patients appreciated the presence of their family members during hospital care. The emotional support provided to family members was rated as moderate, and more than 50% of the patients believed their family members were adequately informed. The results were used to help develop tools for patient and family member education.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Female genital schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma haematobium. Clinical and parasitological findings in women in rural Malawi.

A total of 51 women with urinary schistosomiasis haematobium were examined in order to identify diagnostic indicators for female genital schistosomiasis (FGS). Patients were selected at random from the outpatient department of the Mangochi District Hospital, Malawi. The medical histories were recorded according to a pre-designed questionnaire and the women were subjected to a thorough gynaecological examination including colposcopy and photographic documentation of lesions. Microscopy of genital biopsies revealed that 33 of the 51 women had S. haematobium ova in cervix, vagina and/or vulva in addition to the presence of ova in urine. The most sensitive diagnostic procedure was beside microscopic examination of a wet cervix biopsy crushed between two glass slides, which revealed 25 of the 33 genital infections. There was a significant correlation between the size of genital lesions and the number of ova counted per mm2 of crushed tissue. Women with FGS had significantly more tumours in the vulva than women with schistosomiasis limited to the urinary tract. Most of the observed genital pathology could easily be identified by the naked eye, but colposcopic examination yielded valuable additional information like the demonstration of neovascularisation around cervical sandy patches. Few of the symptoms previously regarded as indicators for FGS could be linked to the presence of schistosome ova in genital tissue. Husbands of infertile women with FGS had children with other women significantly more often than husbands of women who only had urinary schistosomiasis. This, together with the finding that the majority of the divorced women had FGS, indicates that the manifestation of this disease may have implications for the marital and sexual life of the affected women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Psychological symptoms are greater among weight cycling women with severe binge eating behavior.

OBJECTIVE: To identify psychological characteristics and eating behaviors associated with weight cycling and binge eating behaviors in overweight women (body mass index > 27.3). DESIGN: Questionnaires measuring self-esteem, self-efficacy, coping strategies, psychological symptoms, depression, binge eating, restrained eating, disinhibition, and hunger were administered to female weight cyclers who were overweight. Psychological characteristics were compared between subjects grouped by binge eating disorder classification and by binge eating severity. SUBJECTS: A convenience sample of 62 female weight cyclers who were overweight was recruited from the Chicago, Ill, area. Questionnaires were administered individually or in small groups in subjects' homes or other private settings. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: Student's t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests were used to assess differences in psychological characteristics. RESULTS: Thirty-six weight cyclers (58%) met the criteria for binge eating disorder and 26 (42%) did not. Weight cyclers with binge eating disorder reported greater severity of binge eating (P < .0005) and disinhibition (P < .0005) and poorer eating self-efficacy (P < .0005) than weight cyclers without binge eating disorder. Weight cyclers with severe binge eating behaviors reported greater psychological distress (P < .0005) and depression (P < .005) and lower self-esteem (P = .0001) and used less healthful coping strategies (P = .0027) than weight cyclers with no binge eating to moderate binge eating problems. Weight cyclers with severe binge eating behavior also reported more hunger (P < .0005) and used less cognitive restraint (P = .0024) than those with no binge eating to moderate binge eating problems. APPLICATIONS: Operational definitions of weight cycling and binge eating are needed to facilitate research on effective weight-loss treatments. Persons seeking to lose weight (especially weight cyclers) should be assessed for binge eating severity, problematic eating behaviors, and psychological symptoms.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

Quality ratings of a hospital foodservice department by inpatients and postdischarge patients.

OBJECTIVES: To examine quality of food and nutrition services using the ratings of inpatients and patients who had been discharged (postdischarge patients). DESIGN: Questionnaires were used to collect perceptions of inpatients and postdischarge patients on the quality of food and nutrition services. A 5-point scale allowed subjects to rate quality from very poor to very good. SUBJECTS: Questionnaires were completed by 252 inpatients and 437 postdischarge patients of a midwestern teaching hospital. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Analysis of variance was used to assess differences in quality ratings on the basis of demographic variables. Stepwise regression was used to determine variables that best predicted overall satisfaction. Paired t tests were conducted to compare matched inpatient and postdischarge ratings. RESULTS: Ratings of food and nutrition services indicated that patients were satisfied; few differences were found in ratings on the basis of patient demographics. Food quality was the best predictor of overall satisfaction for both inpatients and postdischarge patients. As patient expectations were increasingly met or exceeded, patient ratings of quality increased. The majority of patients in the matched sample gave the same ratings on the inpatient and postdischarge questionnaires. APPLICATIONS: Foodservice managers who desire to improve patient satisfaction should focus attention on meeting or exceeding patient expectations for food quality.

Adult↗