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At least 1,351 records · Page 75Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Driver's license and driving fitness after introduction of driver's permit on probation. Considerations and arguments in traffic psychology].

The discussion on topics like post-schooling and rehabilitation of motorists has intensified the contacts between advocates of traffic law and traffic psychologists in the last years. Since the driver's licence on probation has been introduced, the points of contact between driving licence law and theory of driver's qualification have become more distinctly visible. In the legal institution of driver's licence on probation the driving licence law relies on the changeability of the driving beginner by means of post-schooling. This continues the development of the legal aim of improvement besides the prevention. The concept of "changeability" has entered into the expert opinion on driver's qualification since the middle of the 1970's and it has been tested in the psychological rehabilitation of motorists. It is widely realized, that the inherited idea of 'character' is not useful for a flexible guaranty of traffic safety by an administrative authority. The driving qualification rather has to be seen as a biographical quantity. Motorists are submitted to a change of experience. Among conspicuous drivers the risk of a renewed conspicuousness is in the centre of view. There are possibilities of influence on this risk with some measures. The author shows the basis and the consequences of this concept of a biographical qualification. It bases on the concept of a driver, who is able to learn and is self-responsible and who needs specific back-channel informations. But the author also shows the limits of changeability of a motor-driver.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1990

A sandwich ELISA with monoclonal anti-IgG allotype antibodies permitting the deduction of the G1m genotype.

With murine monoclonal antibodies specific for the human IgG1 allotypes G1m(z), G1m(a), G1m(f) and the IgG1 subclass, sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed to determine whether different allotypic determinants are located on the same molecule. With the conventional haemagglutination-inhibition test, it is only possible to determine the phenotype. With this ELISA system, it is now possible to deduce the G1m genotype.

Alleles↗
PubMed1990

A new filter technique permitting traditional histopathological assessment of fine needle aspiration specimens.

We describe a new filtration method based on a transport medium technique which allows histopathological assessment of the tissue fragments present in many fine needle aspirates. Fine needle aspiration cytology and biopsy preparations obtained from equally divided transport medium specimens were compared in a study comprising 104 palpable breast lesions and 29 other miscellaneous lesions. In general, fine needle aspiration biopsy provided better information on tumour origin and differentiation than fine needle aspiration cytology, particularly with systemic aspirates and those which were heavily bloodstained. In most instances fine needle aspiration biopsy also provided sufficient material to perform specialised staining and immunohistological techniques, and it is suggested that it may have a role in supplementing direct smear fine needle aspiration cytology in these areas.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1989

[Recording of the respiration of skinned cardiac fibers--a method that permits an evaluation of the functional parameters of mitochondria without their isolation from the tissue].

Respiratory parameters of cardiac mitochondria were determined in the bundles of cardiac fibers skinned by saponin that specifically removed sarcolemma but left intracellular structures intact. The described method can be used for determination of the mitochondrial respiratory parameters in small biopsy samples from the human heart.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Immunocytochemical identification of meningeal leukemia and lymphoma: poly-L-lysine-coated slides permit multimarker analysis even with minute cerebrospinal fluid cell specimens.

Use of immunocytology for accurate identification of malignant cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has so far been hampered by high cell requirements of the immunologic methods hitherto used. In an attempt to minimize cell loss in cytopreparation, electrostatic binding of cells to poly-L-lysine (PLL)-coated multispot slides, followed by immunocytochemistry, was investigated. Using optimized conditions of cell attachment and fixation and performing all washing procedures on the slide made multimarker analysis possible even in paucicellular specimens, while preserving excellent cell morphology and yielding high sensitivity in the detection of antigens. In a study of 26 CSF specimens with inconclusive cytomorphology, comprising 335 single marker determinations, we were able to discriminate reliably between resting or activated benign cells and a wide range of types of malignant lymphoid cell. A definitive diagnosis was reached in all cases by one tap only. Malignant meningitis was ruled out in ten specimens and proved in 16, including five in which the type of malignancy could only be determined by immunophenotyping. We conclude that immunocytochemistry on PLL-coated slides constitutes the method of choice for immunologic cell differentiation in CSF, which allows equivocal morphologic findings to be clarified.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Phorbol ester-induced differentiation permits productive human cytomegalovirus infection in a monocytic cell line.

The susceptibility of four different human cell lines (HUT 102, THP-1, MOLT-4, and HL-60) to infection by human CMV (HCMV) was studied. Only HUT 102 was susceptible and only immediate-early gene products were produced. However, THP-1, a monocytic cell line, could be infected by HCMV with a full cycle of replication after treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), which produced differentiation of the cell line into cells with characteristics of mature macrophages. Late (structural) Ag were demonstrated, as were infectious virions as detected by electron microscopy and infectious center assay. HL-60, a promyelocytic cell line, was not susceptible to HCMV infection after treatment with TPA despite differentiation into adherent cells with properties of macrophages, suggesting that cellular lineage was important. Treatment with TPA after infection resulted in a greatly reduced frequency of infected cells, suggesting that pretreatment was essential. Furthermore, continued presence of TPA was unnecessary after differentiation was induced. This study establishes the precedent of productive HCMV infection in human monocytic cells. The potential mechanism and relevance of enhanced replication induced by TPA are discussed.

Calcimycin↗