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PubMed2002

Partners in public health law: elected officials, health directors, and attorneys.

The partnership that has developed over the years between elected officials, health directors, and attorneys came about through necessity and practicality. This article examines this partnership and some of the conflicts and problems it contains. The article discusses the problems of overlap of authority between public health departments and elected officials. It also emphasizes that existing laws and regulations often provide sufficiently flexible authority, and that such laws and regulations can be exercised in new ways to address current public health problems. The article concludes with a discussion of the challenges faced by public health officials and legislators in forming a partnership to secure necessary financial support and legal authority for public health activities.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1994

Physicians in health care management: 5. Payment of physicians and organization of medical services.

The financing, payment and organization of medical services are closely related. Canada's health care system is financed publicly, from tax revenue, and administered in each province by a single government payer. Although the chief method of payment to physicians is fee for service (FFS), the need to control costs and organize practice more efficiently has led to increased interest in FFS variants, such as capping payments at a certain level or fixing a budget, and alternative payment methods such as capitation-based payment, salary and combinations of these methods. Although solo practice is reportedly still the chief method of practice organization, it is being steadily replaced by arrangements in which physicians share expenses or calls, and by formal partnerships and group and team practices. As medical practice in Canada continues to shift from solo to group and team practice alternative payment methods that facilitate these models will become more common.

Canada↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A statewide assessment of preferences of registered nurses desiring academic credit-bearing continuing education.

As needs, mandates, and interests for continuing education (CE) in nursing increase, institutions of higher learning have growing opportunities and responsibilities to respond. Planning educational programs necessitates assessment of nurses' needs to deliver offerings responsive to topic, delivery method, and scheduling preferences. This nonrandomized statewide telephone survey of 535 registered nurses describes the preferences of the large subgroup (n = 359) of nurses who stated a desire for academic credit while participating in CE programs. Preferences were further examined in relation to the nurses' eligibility for undergraduate or master's level offerings. Results include a number of specific preferences with implications for educational institutions to increase their creativity and flexibility in developing credit CE offerings, and to become more responsive to the needs of nurses in practice. Findings suggest that partnerships between institutions of higher education and health care may better meet the continuing education needs of nurses.

Choice Behavior↗
PubMed2005

Evidence-based nursing: making changes in the clinical practice through the collaboration of nursing students and practicing nurses.

The collaboration between student nurses and practicing clinical nurses on an evidence-based project is described. This collaboration sought to answer a question pertinent to the needs of the clinical nurses, while providing the students with an excellent practical learning opportunity. The changes in both knowledge and practice resulting from this partnership are described.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMed2001

Partnerships identified within primary health care literature.

Primary health care promotes partnership in nursing. The purpose of this study was to delineate defining characteristics of partnerships within primary health care and to identify strategies to facilitate the development of these partnerships. Findings from this integrative review of the literature include the development of a partnership framework that emerged from the meanings inherent in the prefixes of words used to describe "multi", "inter", and "intra" partnerships. Also, the findings revealed characteristics of partner expectations, attributes of active and passive participation, and strategies to foster, and barriers to hinder, active participation. Using the developed partnership framework, implications for practice, education, and research have been discerned.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1999

Evaluating a clinical partnership model for undergraduate nursing students.

Since the transfer of nurse education to the tertiary sector in Australia there have been many challenges associated with the selection, administration and facilitation of clinical experiences for undergraduate nursing students. The School of Nursing at Australian Catholic University, McAuley Campus, planned and implemented a partnership model for clinical practice with the aim of improving current methods and overcoming some of the problems previously experienced. Evaluation of the model was conducted during the first year of implementation. An interpretive approach involving academic staff, clinical affiliates and students was used to evaluate the model. Thematic analysis of the data revealed three major themes of familiarity, acceptance and trust and supportive learning environments. It was found that students had been supported in their learning environment through the clinical affiliates commitment to teaching and learning, linkage of theory and practice and credibility as practising clinicians.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Collaboration: an innovative education/business partnership.

Healthy People 2010 initiatives encourage the collaborative partnership goals described in this article. The partnership developed between a UB School of Nursing faculty member, her students, and several case managers at Health-Now Now has been a richly rewarding experience. The opportunities afforded by this partnership have expanded experiences for faculty, students, and case managers in a managed care environment. This partnership has enabled participants to initiate practical, cost-effective methods for improving community-based services. These partnerships should yield significant changes in health behaviors and health outcomes among the American public. Valanis states it most succinctly: "The nurse of the 21st century must innovate, coordinate, and monitor services for populations within the health care system in which she works and interacts with crucial services outside the system. Her or his patient is not only an individual or even the family but the entire community."

Case Management↗
PubMed2006

AAC and community partnerships: the participation path to community inclusion.

The Life Needs Model (LNM) of service delivery emphasizes the importance of community participation in children's development and quality of life. This article is a case illustration of two community partnership programs based on the LNM. StoryTime and Dress Up and Drama provide participation opportunities in the community for children who use Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC). The authors describe the development and implementation of both programs. Regardless of level of functioning, each child who participated in the programs did so by communicating, interacting socially, and controlling the environment. Multiple benefits for children, parents/caregivers, community partners, and AAC clinicians are highlighted. The authors hope that this article will assist others in developing partnerships and implementing inclusive practices within their communities.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Primary care groups will have to be good at this, and that and the other.

Functions of primary care groups (PCG) should be considered ahead of structures and those forming PCGs need to see the links between the key health and social policy initiatives. Early influence by PCGs will shape the design and local implementation of health action zones, health improvement programmes and performance frameworks. The Green Paper "Our Healthier Nation" and its successor are central to the emerging role of PCGs. Partnership work between GPs, practice staff, trusts, local authorities and health authorities needs emphasis. Recognition of what people and existing organisations can contribute needs to be given. Leadership themes of good primary care operations, health development and clinical leadership or their equivalents need time and space to emerge.

Family Practice↗
PubMed2006

Validating the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) in the postgraduate context: are health care professionals ready for IPL?

AIMS: This paper describes the process of validating the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) for use with postgraduate health care professionals. CONTEXT: The RIPLS questionnaire has proved useful in the undergraduate context, enabling tutors to assess the readiness of students to engage in interprofessional learning (IPL). With the drive in the National Health Service (NHS) to deliver health care in interprofessional teams, it seems logical to ask whether postgraduate education should, or could, be delivered successfully in interprofessional contexts. As a preliminary to undertaking an extended IPL project, the researchers tested the validity of the RIPLS tool in the postgraduate health care context. METHOD: A modified version of the RIPLS questionnaire was administered to all general practitioners, nurses, pharmacists and allied health professionals in the Dundee Local Health Care Cooperative (LHCC) (n = 799). A total of 546 staff responded (68%). RESULTS: Three factors, comprising 23 statements, emerged from the statistical analysis of the survey data, namely, teamwork and collaboration, sense of professional identity and patient-centredness. The internal consistency measure was 0.76. Analysis of variance suggested some key differences between the different professions in respect of the factors. CONCLUSIONS: The RIPLS questionnaire was validated for use in the postgraduate context, thus providing researchers with a tool for assessing health professionals' attitudes towards interprofessional learning at practice level, community health partnership level or at a national level of education and training. Significant differences between professional groups should be taken into account in designing any interprofessional learning programme.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

A public/private partnership in the quest for quality: development of cerebrovascular disease practice guidelines and review criteria.

The development of Uniform Clinical Data Set (UCDS) algorithms for cerebrovascular disease can serve as a model for cooperation between government agencies and physician organizations in the development of clinical guidelines and the translation of practice guidelines into review criteria. UCDS is a computerized system of data collection and case finding developed by the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) to standardize the Peer Review Organization screening process for potential utilization and quality problems. Input on the cerebrovascular disease algorithms was provided through the American Medical Association UCDS Advisory Panel and the American Academy of Neurology Task Force on Hospital Utilization for Stroke. Physician organizations were successful in identifying problematic areas, improving the original algorithms, suggesting new issues for development, and deleting inappropriate or misdirected algorithms. Since HCFA modified the cerebrovascular disease algorithms in response to feedback, physician organizations have had an important impact on algorithm development. Unfortunately, the process for algorithm review was often complicated, inefficient, and slow. This process is reviewed, problems and constraints are discussed, and specific recommendations are given for improving the process.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1998

The new NHS: the changes, challenges and opportunities.

The competition based market system is to be disbanded and will be replaced by more alliances, partnerships and collaborative working practices. Children's nurses are ideally placed to respond to the new NHS call for greater involvement of nurses in the commissioning and service development decision making processes. Primary care groups will build upon the best of existing practice, and offer an opportunities for GPs and nurses working in the community to spread the benefits of their experience more widely.

Child↗
PubMed2005

Keynote address: The challenge of thalassemia for the developing countries.

The thalassemias occur at some of their highest frequencies in the developing countries, particularly those of Asia. In many countries, facilities for the control of these conditions are extremely limited. Although a great deal can be done to help the situation by developing further North-South and South-South partnerships for disseminating better practice, the major problem for the future lies in the unwillingness of governments and international health agencies to accept that the thalassemias present a health burden comparable to that of other major diseases in the developing countries. However, preliminary analyses suggest that, at least in the case of Asia, this is not true. Further work of this nature, together with more detailed frequency and economic data, are required to provide solid evidence for the health burden posed by thalassemia in the developing world. Unless this is done, the large populations of patients with thalassemia in these countries will continue to be neglected.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The NSF for mental health from a transcultural perspective.

Since 1997, the new Labour Government has taken steps to revitalize the NHS in an attempt to ensure a safe, sound and supportive service for all of its customers. The drive towards an efficient and productive system of health care has been echoed through policy directives with operational strategies, as evident in various Department of Health (DoH) publications, including the NHS Plan (DoH, 2000). The National Service Framework (NSF) for Mental Health (DoH, 1999a) sets out a broad vision for the future, a vision where principles of care, quality and standard of services for the mentally ill are optimized. However, this vision is short of ideas which implicitly address issues directly related to the mental health needs of minority ethnic groups. As an area which is already exposed to severe criticism, this article seeks to adopt a 'transcultural' perspective on the NSF, exploring issues deemed necessary for the success of the NSF in meeting the needs of ethnic minorities. An initial examination of current problems sets the scene for future direction where principles of partnership in care, antioppressive practice, transcultural nursing, and education and training are seen as imperatives which need exploration. The author argues that it is imperative that these principles are fully examined and implemented into practice, to ensure a service based on quality standards and equity principles. For nurses it means the development and learning of new working principles and skills.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developing continuing care: towards a teaching nursing home.

This article describes a partnership between staff, residents and relatives of a nursing home for older people with mental health problems, and lecturers within an academic department of nursing. The aim of the partnership is to develop practice and to improve the setting of the care home as an environment for living, working and learning. In our attempts to create a teaching nursing home, we recognize the need to ensure that all participants - residents, relative and staff - feel that they are valued members of the team. We describe our progress to date, together with some of the challenges of working together.

Education, Nursing↗
PubMed2004

Overcoming obstacles: collaboration for change.

Effective diabetes care requires a partnership between prepared, proactive practice teams and informed, activated patients. Diabetes education helps to overcome many of the barriers to effective self-management by enabling people with diabetes to make informed decisions about their day-to-day self-care. Both psychosocial and health outcomes have been improved through a variety of training programmes; however, education must be coupled with ongoing self-management support if these benefits are to be sustained. The principal goal of diabetes education has undergone a major shift over the past few years--evolving from primarily didactic interventions, focused on encouraging patients to adhere to the prescribed therapy, towards more interactive learning that supports people in making informed, self-directed decisions.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMed2004

Biotechnology to improve health in developing countries -- a review.

The growing health disparities between the developing and the developed world call for urgent action from the scientific community. Science and technology have in the past played a vital role in improving public health. Today, with the tremendous potential of genomics and other advances in the life sciences, the contribution of science to improve public health and reduce global health disparities is more pertinent than ever before. Yet the benefits of modern medicine still have not reached millions of people in developing countries. It is crucial to recognize that science and technology can be used very effectively in partnership with public health practices in developing countries and can enhance their efficacy. The fight to improve global health needs, in addition to effective public health measures, requires rapid and efficient diagnostic tools; new vaccines and drugs, efficient delivery methods and novel approaches to therapeutics; and low-cost restoration of water, soil and other natural resources. In 2002, the University of Toronto published a report on the "Top 10 Biotechnologies for Improving Health in Developing Countries". Here we review these new and emerging biotechnologies and explore how they can be used to support the goals of developing countries in improving health.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed1993

Commentary: in search of innovative approaches to international health.

The community health program of the Aga Khan University in Pakistan is reviewed from the perspective of historic and present-day developments in primary health care based in and focused on the community. The approach commonly referred to as community-oriented primary health care involves the complementary functions of clinical practice and epidemiology in partnership with the community. Encouragement and support by governments and other organizations for teaching and research in this field would ensure more adequate preparation of future practitioners and health scientists for community-oriented primary health care and would lead to improved health. Continuity of support for community health programs is important.

Community Health Services↗