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At least 1,351 records · Page 75Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Estimation of genetic trend in a selected population with and without the use of a control population.

Data from a selection experiment conducted with sheep at Massey University, New Zealand, were analyzed to obtain an evaluation of selection response. Selection was for heavy 14-mo greasy fleece weight. Approximately seven generations of selection were represented in the data. Three estimates of genetic superiority of the selected line to the control line were obtained. All three estimates were obtained from a mixed model evaluation using the individual animal model for predicting breeding values from own and relatives' records. The estimators were 1) deviation of selected line predicted yearly phenotypes from control line predicted yearly phenotypes, 2) deviation of the predicted yearly phenotype for the selected line from the year estimate in the control line and 3) the mean yearly breeding value from the analysis of the selected line only. The realized heritability using the first approach was .20. However, the control line was found to have a slight positive drift; hence, this estimate was biased downward. Using Approach 2, accounting for drift, the realized heritability was .23. The same realized heritability, .23, was obtained from an analysis of the selected line ignoring the control (Approach 3), when a prior heritability of .30 was assumed for the mixed model evaluation. The estimate of genetic trend from predicted breeding values in the latter approach is, however, quite dependent on the assumed heritability.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Prostatism symptoms in a randomly selected population: introduction of a patient administered population based symptom evaluation score.

A questionnaire concerning micturition symptoms and bother was answered by 2559 (66%) randomly selected males. Voiding problems increased with age from about 4 to 40%. The symptoms were weakly but significantly correlated to each other (rs < 0.55). The ability of a particular symptom question to predict whether a subject actually would seek a doctor was generally low. A score system with a maximum score of 33 points was constructed. If prostatism was defined as a certain score or higher, a change in the definition in the score interval 4-10 would change the number of subjects with this syndrome with approximately 10%/score point. As a consequence of the results, the use of a symptom score as a criterion for the decision to treat patients suffering from prostatism is challenged. A patient administered symptom evaluation from is strongly recommended to obtain a more objective symptom registration.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Further analysis of sparteine oxidation in a Japanese population and comparison with data observed in different ethnic populations.

1. Data on the oxidation polymorphism of sparteine (SP) studied in 84 unrelated Japanese subjects of whom two (2.4%) were classified as poor metabolizers (PMs) were re-evaluated. The data were obtained from 6-hour urinary excretion ratios of SP to 2- and 5-dehydrosparteines (DHS), after an oral dose of 100 mg of SP sulphate. 2. Urinary excretion of both SP and DHS correlated with the SP/DHS ratio (rs = 0.862 and -0.756, respectively, P less than 0.001). In addition, urinary excretion of 2-DHS, 5-DHS or total DHS discriminated between PMs and extensive metabolizers (EMs). There was also a highly significant correlation (rs = 0.669, P less than 0.001) between the urinary excretion of 2- and 5-DHS. 3. These re-evaluated results on the oxidation polymorphism of SP indicate that 2- and 5-DHS formation from SP shares a common metabolic pathway (presumably via the same P-450 isozyme), and that the SP/DHS ratio, conventionally used as a discriminating index between PMs and EMs, quantitatively reflects the capacity of 2- and 5-DHS formation. 4. The benefit of using a shorter (6 h) collection period for assessing the individual oxidation phenotype of SP and inter-ethnic comparison of SP oxidation is also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Placental infection in Rwanda: comparison an HIV infected population and a control population].

We report an histological study from term placentas of 286 HIV positive women born in Rwanda. We observed chorioamnionitis without any pathogen in 15% of the cases, cocci Gram positive infection in 12 observations and malaria infection in 75% of placentas. We noted 71 cases of active malaria infection with Plasmodium falciparum trophozoites in the erythrocytes of the intervillous spaces, and 135 cases of chronic infection with malaria pigment without any parasite. An ultrastructural study performed in 8 cases of active malaria infection showed characteristic features of trophozoites and schizontes, and malaria pigment. No viral particle were seen. We did not observe any significative difference concerning the incidence of chorioamnionitis and of malaria infection in 275 HIV negative placentas. In the literature as well as in the present study, the main lesions observed in the placentas of AIDS patients were chorioamnionitis. Opportunistic infections and neoplasias of the placenta are exceptional. Detection of HIV proteins by immunochemistry or in situ hybridization is possible, but the HIV could not be identified in the trophoblast by electron microscopy. Mechanisms of the materno-fetal transmission for HIV are currently unknown.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1995

Patterns of Breast Cancer Treatment: A Comparison of a Rural Population With an Urban Population and a Community Clinical Oncology Program Sample.

This Illinois study shows that rural patients who were postmenopausal and node negative were more likely than urban patients to have a modified radical mastectomy (P=.03) and less likely to have had an oncology consultation (P=.01). Postmenopausal rural patients with positive nodes were more likely than comparable CCOP patients to receive radiation therapy (P=.0001), regardless of surgical choice, and were less likely to get hormone therapy than urban patients with an estrogen receptor-positive tumor (P=.007). After adjustment for confounders, rural patients were less likely than those in either comparison group to have limited surgery (odds ratio [OR] = 2.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4, 5.6 for urban patients, and OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.5, 5.7 for CCOP patients) and more likely than CCOP patients to undergo radiation (OR = 0.2, 95% CI 0.1, 0.4). These data can be used to assess the impact that dissemination of state-of-the-art treatment strategies has on breast cancer mortality.

Journal Article↗