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PubMed1996

Mortality among the population of the city and voivodeship of Lodz contrasted with death rates in other voivodeships and large and medium-sized cities in Poland in 1993.

"The paper presents the problem of mortality in the Lodz area and the city of Lodz in 1993. The basis for this description is comparisons across voivodeships, and these between large and medium-sized cities in Poland. The comparisons were made allowing for the basic demographic features such as sex and age of the dead. Levels of mortality were identified for voivodeships and cities using fractional death rates for five year age groups, with the deaths among infants treated as a separate group."

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2002

Cervix uteri cancer incidence in relation to ethnic situation in Opole province, Poland.

This paper presents results of a retrospective ecological analysis of cervix uteri cancer incidence in relation to the ethnic situation in the province of Opole, Poland. A few well-known methodological procedures were applied in the study. Detecting spatial disease clusters followed Tango's method. Estimates of relative risks of cancer morbidity were calculated via Clayton and Kaldor's empirical Bayes approach. To measure spatial correlation between neoplasmatic incidence and ethnic density, Moran's statistic was used. The Poisson modelling of the variables was performed using Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique--Gibbs sampling. The results presented in tables and graphs suggest a possible association between the ethnic pattern and risk of cervix uteri cancer in the analyzed province.

Bayes Theorem↗
PubMed1996

Forecast of labour force in Poland to the year 2020: methodology and results.

"In 1995 the Labour Statistics Division of the Central Statistical Office (CSO) started methodological work on the preparation of a forecast of the labour force in Poland to the year 2020.... Variant ¿intermediate' assumes a slow reconstruction of the economic activity of population from the level of the period 1978-88 (census 1978 and census 1988). The main part of this ¿reconstruction' will take place in the years 1995-2010. The greatest anticipated changes concern youths (18-24 years), persons of immobility age (males 45-64 years and females 45-59 years) and the first groups of the retirement age. Variant ¿maximum' assumes that the anticipated ¿reconstruction' labour force participation rate will be faster (compared with variant ¿intermediate')."

Age Factors↗
PubMed1974

[An attempt at estimating the mechanism of migration in Poland].

"The mechanism of migration is considered on the basis of a hypothesis postulating the existence of connection between the size of migration inflow streams and those of commutation.... High statistical reliability of this connection was treated as the basis for analyzing the influence distance exerts on the size of permanent migrations and commutation." A spatial correlation analysis is made for 108 regions in Poland (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Behavior↗
PubMed1991

Migration and population ageing: a case of Poland.

The effect of internal migration on population aging in Poland is assessed, using data for the years 1950-1988. Trends are presented for the country as a whole, by individual voivodship, and for rural regions that have experienced rapid depopulation. The authors conclude that "internal migrations have no direct influence on the population's ageing process, and [are] insignificant. The influence grows in the spatial perspective; it becomes strongest in the case of migrations between urban and rural areas. Its intensity is best revealed in the...depopulation in rural areas."

Demography↗
PubMed1991

Population changes and the cost of health care for the elderly in Poland.

"The author...has attempted to measure the effects of population changes upon the costs of health care [in Poland] by applying a simulation model. In this model the total cost of health care is a function of the per capita cost of health care by age, sex, and place of residence (urban, rural) and population structure.... The paper includes...the results concerning population 60 years of age and over." Data are from several official health-related surveys carried out in 1989.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Population and employment dynamics in Poland in the period 1975-1985].

"The paper analyses the interdependence between population dynamics and employment in Poland against the background of changes in the structure of employment as well as the total population growth in 1975-1985. Use was made of the ORLINE taxonomic method, J. W. Webb's structural diagram and the method of standardized residuals from linear regression." The results show considerable differences among regions, although, as a general rule, natural increase rather than migration was the most significant demographic factor. (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Demography↗
PubMed1993

Living conditions of young families in Poland (1991-1992).

"The article presents the results of a survey carried out by [Poland's] Institute of Social Economy in the last quarter of 1991. It included 1,716 women and their families.... The research gathered much information about the functioning of young Polish families at the end of 1991 and at the beginning of 1992; about their material situation as well as their living problems and needs."

Developed Countries↗
PubMed1993

Mortality and life expectancy in Poland 10 years before the end of the century.

"In the article we discuss the mortality rates in Poland by [voivodship] at the end of the 80's. In the comparative analysis, we employed general standardized rates of deaths for men and women, and coefficients presenting the levels of mortality resulting from...circulatory system diseases and malignant neoplasms.... In the second part of the paper, we examine the differences in...life expectancy by sex and administrative provinces."

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1993

Tobacco-related cancers in Poland in 1963-1989.

"In this paper we are presenting an epidemiological analysis of tobacco-related cancer risk in Poland in 1963-1989 and, in addition, etiological characteristics of the cancers." Data are from official sources. The results indicate that "standardized mortality rates had significantly increased for all tobacco-related cancer sites in 1963-1989."

Behavior↗
PubMed1995

Application of the population potential model in the structural regionalisation of Poland.

"The application of population potential in the research procedure employed to arrive at Poland's structural regionalisation allows three main tasks to be solved: (1) determining the interaction in the urban system, (2) establishing macroregional nodes, and (3) delimiting peripheral zones of macroregions. The configuration of the potential surface and membership functions indicates the spatial structuring of socio-economic reality at the level of population interaction."

Demography↗
PubMed1997

Assumptions of the forecast of Poland's population by voivodships for the years 1995-2020.

"The paper briefly discusses the course of the basic demographic phenomena and processes in Poland, and the factors that determine the changes.... A detailed analysis [is provided] of the size and variability of fertility, mortality and migrations.... The method of calculating particular forecast components is presented, as well as results of calculations of the...number and structure of population and of the forecast of the vital statistics and migrations of population."

Demography↗
PubMed2002

[Infectious diseases in Poland in 2000].

The decreasing tendency in incidence of infectious diseases observed in Poland in previous years as compared with 2000 has weakened or stopped. Increase in the incidence of selected infectious diseases can be linked with the improvement of surveillance resulting from the better diagnostics and greater attention paid to these diseases (including borreliosis, salmonella, and Haemophilus influenzae meningitis). Between 1999 and 2000, the most intense decrease in the number of mumps, measles, and scarlet fever cases as an effect of the end of epidemics was observed. At the same time increase in the number of pertussis, rubella, chickenpox, and meningitis cases was noticed. In 2000, the first case of human rabies since 1986 has been reported. In 2000, compared with 1999, among all notified deaths percentage of deaths attributed to infectious diseases (0.83%) and infectious diseases death rate (0.79 per 10,000) were slightly higher and were the highest in the last decade. As in 1999 the observed increase was effect of the influenza deaths increase (358 deaths, mortality 0.022%). The main disease causing the largest number of deaths, as in previous years, was tuberculosis (36.5% of total infectious diseases deaths).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Mumps in Poland in 2000].

A total of 17,548 mumps cases were reported in Poland in 2000. A 5-fold decrease in incidence of the disease (from 233.4 to 45.4 per 100,000 population) was noted, when compared with 1999. Approximately 4.8% of mumps cases were hospitalized (849 cases). The majority of the reported cases were children aged 5-9 (51.4% of all cases). In all voivodships the incidence was lower than in previous years. The probable cause of the decline of mumps cases was a marked amelioration of MMR vaccination coverage among 3-year old children. The MMR vaccine is not included into the national program of immunization, the vaccination is recommended for 2-year and 7-year old children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Influenza in Poland in 2000].

In 2000 the number of cases of influenza and influenza-like illness (ILI) registered in Poland amounted to 1,596,920 (68.1% of 1999 cases). The highest influenza incidence was reported in Łódzkie voivodship (9,388.8 cases per 100,000). Among children aged 0 to 14 years the number of influenza and ILI cases amounted to 408,495 (incidence 5,518.8 cases per 100,000) and was 25.5% of the total number of cases recorded in 2000. The number of patients referred to hospital was 7,028 and 358 persons died due to influenza and its complications. No influenza strains were isolated in 2000. Immunofluorescence test confirmed infection with influenza type A in 39 patients, while with type B--in 2 patients. Sero-surveys carried out in the epidemic season 2000/2001 showed that the highest antihemagglutinin antibody levels were produced for influenza strain A(H3N2) and B. The highest antibody titers were recorded in the age group 15-25, while the lowest levels--in the age group 0-3 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Meningitis and encephalitis in Poland in 2000].

A total of 2,033 cases of meningitis and 570 of encephalitis were reported in Poland in 2000. Among cases of meningitis 1,051 (51.7%) were classified as viral and 982 (48.3%) as bacterial. Etiological factors were determined in 36.7% (360/982) cases of bacterial meningitis. Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were found in 10.3% (101/982), 8.7% (85/982), and 7.5% (74/982) cases, respectively. As in previous years, N. meningitidis typed B was strongly predominating. Out of 570 cases of encephalitis, 170 (29.8%) were tick borne, of which most were reported from endemic areas of north-eastern part of the country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Foodborne infections and intoxications in Poland in 2000].

The total number of 26,701 cases of bacterial foodborne infections and intoxications were registered in 2000. The incidence was 96.9/100,000 population. S. Enteritidis was found in 96.9% of cases in outbreaks caused by Salmonella sp. The main vehicle of foodborne infections and intoxications in outbreaks (in Poland defined as 4 and more sick people) was food prepared from eggs (44.4% cases in outbreaks, 54.4% cases caused by Salmonella). Private homes prevailed (56.1% of outbreaks) among the places of the ready made food production. Six epidemics with 100 and more cases each were registered. Four deaths were noted in outbreaks in 2000.

Adolescent↗