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Results for “Musculoskeletal Development”

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At least 1,351 records · Page 75Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Foot and ankle forces during an automobile collision: the influence of muscles.

Muscles have a potentially important effect on lower extremity injuries during an automobile collision. Computational modeling can be a powerful tool to predict these effects and develop protective interventions. Our purpose was to determine how muscles influence peak foot and ankle forces during an automobile collision. A 2-D bilateral musculoskeletal model was constructed with seven segments. Six muscle groups were included in the right lower extremity, each represented by a Hill muscle model. Vehicle deceleration data were applied as input and the resulting movements were simulated. Three models were evaluated: no muscles (NM), minimal muscle activation at a brake pedal force of 400 N (MN), and maximal muscle activation to simulate panic braking (MX). Muscle activation always resulted in large increases in peak joint force. Peak ankle joint force was greatest for MX (10120 N), yet this model also had the lowest peak rearfoot force (629 N). Peak force on the Achilles tendon was 4.5 times greater, during MX (6446 N) compared to MN (1430 N). We conclude that (1). external and internal forces are dependent on muscles, (2). muscle activation level could exacerbate axial loading injuries, (3). external and internal forces can be inversely related once muscle properties are included.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1980

Mefenamic acid nephropathy.

Non-oliguric renal failure developed in six elderly women who had been prescribed 1--2 g of mefenamic acid daily for 2--6 weeks for the relief of musculoskeletal pain.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Health care of the geriatric llama and alpaca.

Older llamas and alpacas are likely to be retained in a herd, rather than being culled as would be done in other livestock operations. Aging takes its toll on all organ systems, but dental and skeletal problems tend to be accentuated. Preventative practices may slow the development of problems.

Aging↗
PubMed1997

History and evolution of TMD concepts.

Historically the field of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) has been based on testimonials, clinical opinion, and blind faith rather than on science. Reparative procedures to the joints, jaws, or occlusal surfaces of the teeth to develop idealized structural relationships that may be required for dental health and function are less likely to be required for the management of chronic musculoskeletal disorders. Because of the concerns of many people today regarding professional credibility and intellectual honesty, the need for a scientific foundation to support the various belief systems is of paramount importance. In fact, therapeutic approaches for TMD are undergoing a major evolution away from the traditional mechanistic dental concepts of the past to the more current biopsychosocial medical concepts that emphasize multidisciplinary approaches. Recent advances in the understanding of pain mechanisms and management of chronic pain have improved long-term treatment outcome. The emphasis is on treatment that involves the patient in the physical and behavioral management of their own problem. The majority of patients with TMD achieve good relief of their symptoms with noninvasive, conservative therapy.

Egypt↗
PubMed2001

Pain thresholds and tenderness in neck and head following acute whiplash injury: a prospective study.

UNLABELLED: OBJECTIVE OF THE INVESTIGATION: In a 6-month prospective study of 141 consecutive acute whiplash-injured participants, and 40 acute, ankle-injured controls, pain and tenderness in the neck/head, and at a distant control site, were measured. BASIC PROCEDURES: Muscle palpation and pressure algometry in five head/neck muscle-pairs were performed after 1 week and 1, 3 and 6 months after injury. Algometry was performed at a distant control site. MAIN FINDINGS: Whiplash-injured patients had lowered pressure-pain-detection thresholds and higher palpation-score initially in the neck/head, but the groups were similar after 6 months, and the control site was not sensitized. PRINCIPAL CONCLUSION: Focal, but not generalized, sensitization to musculoskeletal structure is present until 3 months, but not 6 months, after whiplash injury, and probably does not play a major role in the development of late whiplash syndrome. Pressure algometry and palpation are useful clinical tools in the evaluation of neck and jaw pain in acute whiplash injury.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Validity of self-assessed reports of occurrence and duration of occupational tasks.

To obtain quantitative estimates of the physical workload in epidemiological and intervention studies of musculoskeletal disorders, there is a need to extend task based exposure data to job exposure profiles. For this purpose a work task diary was developed and evaluated. This was validated against direct observations of a day's work for twenty-two female office workers and twenty female hospital cleaners. There was a good agreement regarding the occurrence of the main tasks. However, the less time-consuming tasks were under-reported. Moreover, about two thirds of the changes between tasks were not reported. The difficulties of defining tasks that function as occupational entities seems to be a major reason for the lack of agreement. The underestimation of the duration of breaks/pauses was most pronounced for the cleaners. Still, the diary would be useful for the calculation of job exposure, by time-weighting task exposure data, when the tasks and/or their duration vary between days.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A computer-aided system to evaluate postural stress in the workplace.

Stress caused by awkward working posture of the trunk and shoulders can result in fatigue, musculoskeletal disorders and nerve entrapment syndromes. To aid in evaluating the relationship between work activities and postural stress, a computer-aided system was developed. This system produces a detailed description of work tasks and a continuous record of trunk and shoulder activity on the same time scale. The system was used to evaluate postural stresses on a case study job in an automobile assembly plant. The results of the postural analysis were used to identify specific causes of postural stress and to develop recommendations for changes in work station equipment and methods to reduce stress.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intraarticular heterotopic ossification in the knee following intramedullary nailing of the fractured femur using a retrograde method.

The cases of a forty-five-year-old woman and a twenty-year-old man who developed severe intraarticular and periarticular heterotopic ossification around the knee following intramedullary nailing of a femur fracture using a retrograde technique. The association of musculoskeletal heterotopic ossification with closed head injuries seems well established and can occur in and around the knee following retrograde intramedullary nailing. This complication may occur more often than has been reported.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Orthopaedic implications of multiple gestation pregnancy with triplets.

Intrauterine crowding has been implicated as a risk factor in several orthopaedic conditions, such as developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), metatarsus adductus, and torticollis. The goal of this study was to see whether orthopaedic conditions associated with intrauterine crowding were more frequent in multiple gestation pregnancies, specifically in triplets. The authors reviewed their experience over a 10-year period with 261 children who were products of triplet pregnancies. They surveyed 13 orthopaedic conditions and found only one condition, torticollis, that had a greater incidence than that reported in single gestation pregnancies. A 0% incidence of DDH was found in these patients. Routine ultrasound screening cannot be recommended in these patients based on these results.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed2000

Effects of spaceflight and thyroid deficiency on hindlimb development. I. Muscle mass and IGF-I expression.

Thyroid deficiency (TD) in neonatal rats causes reduced growth of skeletal muscle that is disproportionately greater than that for other tissues (G. R. Adams, S. A. McCue, M. Zeng, and K. M. Baldwin. Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 276: R954-R961, 1999). TD depresses plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels, suggesting a mechanism for this effect. We hypothesized that TD and exposure to spaceflight (SF) would interact to reduce skeletal muscle growth via a reduction in IGF-I levels. Neonatal rats were flown in space for 16 days. There was a similar, nonadditive reduction in the growth of the body ( approximately 50%) and muscle weight (fast muscles, approximately 60%) with either TD or SF. In the soleus muscle, either SF or TD alone resulted in growth reductions that were augmented by SF-TD interactions. There were strong correlations between 1) muscle mass and muscle IGF-I levels and 2) circulating IGF-I and body weight. These results indicate that either hypothyroidism or exposure to SF will limit the somatic and muscle-specific growth of neonatal rats. The impact of these perturbations on skeletal muscle growth is relatively greater than the effect on somatic growth. The mechanisms by which either TD or SF impact growth appear to have a common pathway involving the control of plasma and muscle IGF-I concentrations.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Occupational hazads in metal mining industry].

Miners of basic professions employed in contemporary metal mining industry are exposed to a range of industrial factors, such as vibration, noise, dustiness, and unfavorable microclimate. Long-term exposure to these factors is hazardous to their health, which is manifested by elevated general and occupational morbidity and a higher rate of biological aging. This is most typical of Far North miners, who are exposed to the combination of the industrial factors and extremal climate and geographic conditions. Research into the health status of miners engaged to underground works and open excavations in regions with contrasting climate and geographic conditions, allowed determination of main industrial risk factors (vibration and noise), leading occupational diseases and groups of high risk of their development (according to the occupation and the length of service). The study found high risk of cardivascular diseases as well as pathology of the musculoskeletal system, which was highest in miners in Norilsk region.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Ability, disability, and the functional capacity of patients with cardiovascular disease.

Assessment of functional capacity, of ability and disability among patients with cardiovascular disease raises a number of problems and issues for which there are currently only imperfect or incomplete answers. Emphasis must be placed on the lack of predictable relationship of anatomic abnormality and functional abnormality. For example, the percentage obstruction of the coronary artery documents the anatomic extent of the disease, rather than the limitation of functional capacity; the same lack of predictive value characterizes the decrease in resting ventricular ejection fraction. The response to a challenge of activity or exertion currently appears to offer the optimal method of assessing functional capacity for work, although a brief continuous exercise test may not be the optimal exercise protocol by which to evaluate endurance. As an example, in our laboratory, comparing a low-level continuous exercise test protocol with one with an intermittent exercise design (i.e., periods of exercise alternating with periods at rest), patients typically can perform at least one additional stage of exercise on the discontinuous or intermittent test protocol. This occurred without significant differences in the final heart rate, blood pressure, or rate-pressure product, probably because most patients so tested were limited not by myocardial ischemia but by musculoskeletal problems, fatigue, or dyspnea (8). An unmet need is a comparison of exercise test protocols for the assessment of functional capacity, possibly the development of new test protocols for patients with limited functional capacity, and the evaluation of the relationship of these test data to eight hours of occupational activity in the workplace setting. It appears logical that a diagnostic exercise test should differ from one designed to determine functional capacity, but the results of a variety of exercise test protocols should be compared with the actual physical activity able to be performed in the workplace, as well as with reported symptoms. It should be defined whether testing is to be performed on optimal medical therapy, which I believe should be the case; or whether the technique used for diagnostic exercise testing, that of the minimal medication possible, is to be employed. Next, the time after surgical intervention or following a prolonged hospitalization at which to test should be delineated in that the deconditioning effect of immobilization may substantially decrease effort tolerance, unrelated to the severity of the underlying cardiovascular disease. Finally, should exercise rehabilitation be recommended or required before testing for cardiovascular impairment; major improvement in functional capacity has occurred in previously sedentary patients with a variety of cardiovascular diseases, including those with important manifestations of myocardial ischemia and ventricular dysfunction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Cardiovascular Diseases↗