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At least 1,351 records · Page 75Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Researches on automatic analyzing system of the whole gastrointestinal motility recordings].

Many diseases of gastrointestinal tract have close relation to the changes in gastrointestinal (GI) motility. Making use of the technique of MEMS, we developed a micro-interposed system to monitor the motility and pH value of the whole GI tract under normal physical state. This paper focuses on an automatic analysis of the acquired signal to draw conclusions for aiding diagnosis of diseases. The techniques of smoothing signal, removing singular value, feature extraction and selection as well as classification of normal and abnormal samples are discussed in details. These techniques provide a comprehensive method for analyzing long-term motility recordings which will complete the function of the in vivo monitoring system and serve for medical applications.

Gastrointestinal Diseases↗
PubMed1987

Information systems for oral health.

The global basis for an information system in oral health was introduced by WHO in 1971. Still very few countries have so far prepared a comprehensive national plan for oral health care of the entire population including an information system for monitoring and evaluation. Therefore it is important to realize that the global goals for oral health in the year 2000 introduced by WHO and FDI include a requirement to establish a national monitoring system for oral health. The WHO has developed a simple "Pathfinder' survey methodology for production of baseline data for a national plan for oral health care. This methodology has now been successfully applied in a number of countries. As a result the WHO Global Oral Data Bank contains a unique set of data on oral health worldwide. It should be understood, however, that within nations more comprehensive and sophisticated information systems are needed to support the activities related to the global goal of Health for All by the Year 2000. This paper gives a short introduction to the development of national information system for oral health utilizing statistics, records and ad hoc studies. The ultimate goal is to build a continuing surveillance system for oral health status and service organization.

Data Collection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sales statistics in the control of drug abuse in Norway.

The system of monitoring the patterns of prescription and consumption of addictive drugs by utilizing computerized data on prescriptions collected in pharmacies throughout Norway is described. The number of prescriptions for narcotic drugs issued in out-patient facilities substantially decreased in the period 1970-1980. Statistics also indicate a decrease in the sale of barbiturates and sedative-hypnotics during the period 1974-1980, while the sale of benzodiazepines increased during the same period. The monitoring system provides reliable information on the use of legally prescribed drugs, which proves useful to the authorities in undertaking appropriate control measures of such drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Adverse drug reactions--again.

The allowance made by the medical profession, the health authorities, or the public for the inevitable chance that the author of information may be wrong is much lower in the case of issues relative to drug safety than for other issues with comparable safety components. Recognition of the fact that true knowledge requires several studies so that various errors and biases can be eliminated would help to dedramatize the issue, and this would benefit everybody. Since no single method or system of monitoring will solve all the problems, proceeding through a sequence of objectively oriented approaches is necessary. Such an approach more optimally manifests the limitation of each method used and helps to interpret the results. An organizational structure that permits closer cooperation between all interested parties is necessary. It should not be left in the hands of any single body, and medical and methodologic audits should check its activities. Moreover, information should be more easily accessible to interested parties than is now the case with most monitoring systems.

Communication↗
PubMed1981

Criteria for deworming beef cattle under ranch conditions.

Anthelmintics provide the cattle farmer with a means of controlling worm infestations. Whether their use is economical depends upon how it is integrated with climatic changes, pasture management, and the immune state of the animals Preventive deworming based on a system which monitors worm burdens is idealistic and generally impractical. Monitoring systems which have been employed include faecal egg counts and cultures, haematological determinations, and worm recoveries post mortem. An efficient method of deworming beef cattle is the use of a strategic drenching programme, based upon seasonal variations in the incidence of the helminths. The economics of this approach can be improved by a tactical drenching programme in which the timing of drenches is dictated by factors which could lead to an outbreak of helmninthosis. The most efficient method is dosing which keeps pastures free from contamination over longer periods.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A proposed optimal health care system based on a comparative study conducted between Canada and Japan.

OBJECTIVES: Every country wants a good health care system for all citizens with minimum expenditure. By comparing health care systems in Canada and Japan, both of which have a universal health care system for all citizens in its own country, an attempt was made to visualize or search for an optimal health care system. METHOD: Data and information obtained were tabulated and compared from the standpoint of the effectiveness of the health insurance system and the feasibility of its application so as to propose an optimal health care system. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Some of the suggestions and proposals made for an optimal health care system for all citizens include implementation and/or establishment of minimal user fees, centralized rational decision-making processes, private delivery system of health care, centralized computer-aided patient record system, insurance monitoring system, patient education, and physician guidelines.

Canada↗
PubMed1999

A Low-Cost Computerized System to Monitor Running Performance and Circadian Rhythms of Twenty Mice Simultaneously.

This paper describes the design and functioning of a low-cost computerized system for monitoring the voluntary activity of mice in running wheels. The required software is written in Turbo Pascal(r) and provided via the Internet (http://www.eur.nl/fgg/ch1/rodent.html). The system accommodates the simultaneous monitoring of 20 animals over a virtually unlimited period. Two applications of the system are presented; one monitors the circadian rhythm of mice, and the other tests muscle strength and endurance.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1976

Combined one- and two-dimensional ultrasound system for monitoring fetal breathing movements.

A combined one- and two-dimensional ultrasonic system for monitoring respiratory movements in the human fetus has been developed. A real-time cross-sectional image of the fetal chest at the level of the fetal heart can be obtained, and a time motion recording of fetal respiratory movements can then be written on a strip-chart recorder. Combining the features of one-dimensional and two-dimensional systems produces an accurate means of investigating fetal breathing movements.

Electronics, Medical↗
PubMed1995

ASHP therapeutic position statement on the use of the International Normalized Ratio system to monitor oral anticoagulant therapy.

The INR system of standardizing PT measurements can minimize variability between laboratories, PT reagents, and instruments. The INR system can also facilitate international agreement on therapeutic ranges and allow direct comparison of clinical trials. This should provide greater uniformity in the management of oral anticoagulant therapy and ultimately may improve patient outcomes. ASHP supports the use of the INR system on the basis of studies demonstrating that this system permits warfarin dosing that is less dependent on the variability of thromboplastin reagent sensitivity.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Performance of seven blood glucose testing systems at high altitude.

Consumers and health care professionals expect blood glucose monitoring systems to consistently generate results that are close to actual blood glucose levels. Numerous environmental, physiologic, and operational factors can affect system performance, yielding results that are inaccurate or unpredictable. This study examined the effect of one factor--high altitude--on the performance of seven blood glucose monitoring systems. One of the systems overestimated blood glucose results; the other six systems underestimated blood glucose values (more than the expected variance). The findings of this study support previous reports of altered blood glucose monitoring system performance at high altitude. Diabetes educators can use this information when counseling consumers who reside or who plan to visit locations at high altitude.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The use of an automated information system for monitoring atmospheric air pollution].

The paper presents the analysis of the development and pilot operation of hygienic monitoring of ambient air pollution on the basis of the automized informational system (AIS). Monitoring involves services of surveillance and control over sources of discharges and harmful impurities content in the atmosphere, meterological conditions, and AIS carrying out the functions of data collection and accumulation, analysis and assessment, prediction of the air basin status. The created instrument can be functioning in several regimens: for the analysis and assessment of the observed atmospheric status and the role of industrial sources in air pollution; for the prediction and assessment of the air basin status in association with the planned or expected effectiveness of measures aimed at the reduction of exhaust. The feasibility of it is demonstrated in the paper through results of pilot operation of the proposed system.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development and in vivo evaluation of an implantable left ventricular assist system with an impedance based monitoring and control system.

We have developed an implantable pneumatically driven diaphragm left ventricular assist system (LVAS) for small adults, and an electric impedance based monitoring and control system (Z system). In this Z system, measurement of electric impedance of the blood chamber is performed by charging an alternating current with a constant amplitude between two metal connectors without compromising anti-thrombogenicity. Automatic calibration was performed periodically by measuring trough values of impedance in the blood chamber for several beats while the blood pump was in a full-fill state under preset driving conditions. For precise control of the fill-to-empty (F/E) drive, an automatic trigger level adjustment method was developed. This method is an automatic searching algorithm that identifies the volume change of the last ejection or filling by the Z system and settles the next trigger level to maintain a definite stroke volume. In chronic in vivo evaluation, this LVAS was used in 13 adult goats. The pump was installed between the LV apex and the descending aorta and was placed in the abdominal wall. Pump output ranged from 2.5 to 5.8 L/min, and the Z system provided good monitoring. The F/E drive was achieved satisfactorily by this Z system. The physical condition of the goats was excellent for as long as 19 weeks. Hematologic, hepatic, and renal functions were within the normal range, and no prominent thromboembolic symptoms were observed. A new mobile control drive unit with this Z system is being developed. We conclude that this LVAS with the Z system is promising for long-term use in a clinical setting.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Undiagnosed asymptomatic hypoglycemia: diet, insulin, and glyburide for gestational diabetic pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: The role of maternal hypoglycemia during pregnancy has not yet been established. We sought to estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed, asymptomatic hypoglycemic events that occur in diabetic patients. METHODS: All patients were evaluated using a continuous glucose monitoring system for 72 consecutive hours. The continuous glucose monitoring system measures in subcutaneous tissue interstitial glucose levels within a range of 40-400 mg/dL every 5 minutes for a total of 288 measurements per day. All patients were instructed regarding diabetic diet and assigned to pharmacological treatment as needed. Patients documented the time of food intake, insulin or glyburide administration, and all clinical hypoglycemic events. An asymptomatic hypoglycemic episode was defined as more than 30 consecutive minutes of glucose value below 50 mg/dL detected only by continuous glucose monitoring system reading without patient awareness. RESULTS: An evaluation of 82 patients with gestational diabetes was performed; 30 were insulin-treated, 27 were managed by diet only, and 25 were patients treated with glyburide. For purposes of comparison, data were obtained from 35 nondiabetic gravid women. Asymptomatic hypoglycemic events were identified in 19 of 30 (63%) insulin-treated patients and in 7 of 25 (28%) glyburide-treated patients. No hypoglycemic events were identified in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus treated by diet alone or in nondiabetic subjects. The mean recorded hypoglycemic episodes per day was significantly higher in insulin-treated patients (4.2 +/- 2.1) than in glyburide-treated patients (2.1 +/- 1.1), P =.03. In insulin-treated patients, the majority of the hypoglycemic events were nocturnal (84%), whereas in glyburide-treated patients, episodes were identified equally by day and night. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that asymptomatic hypoglycemic events are common during pharmacological treatment in gestational diabetic pregnancies. We speculate that this finding may be explained by treatment modality rather than by the disease itself.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Development of a bioassay system for monitoring susceptibility in Thrips tabaci.

A system is described for collecting adult and larva of Thrips tabaci from onion foliage into insecticide-treated vials to evaluate susceptibility to insecticides. The thrips insecticide bioassay system (TIBS) allows one to treat vials and store them for 3 weeks before thrips are collected. Depending on the population density in the field, collection of the insects for the test required from 3-6 h for one person. Assays are read after 24h. This system was used in 1997 and 1998 in commercial onion fields in Honduras and Nicaragua, and TIBS was sensitive enough to detect differences to the insecticides tested, to thrips life stages and to different generations within an onion-growing season. Data collected suggest that there were not serious problems with thrips insecticide resistance, with the possible exception of cypermethrin in Nicaragua which had a resistance ratio (RR) value of 26.9 for adult thrips. The largest RR values were observed at the end of the growing season, and this may be caused by the season-long selection by insecticide sprays. The mortality of adults and larvae followed the same general pattern, but the ratio between larvae and adults differed for each chemical group.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

A knowledge-based alarm system for monitoring cardiac operated patients--technical construction and evaluation.

A knowledge-based alarm system for intensive care monitoring was designed, built, tested on-line, and evaluated. The system is a functional prototype of a highly specific patient monitor providing alarms on hypovolemia, hyperdynamic state, left ventricular failure and hypoventilation. These intelligent alarm functions aim to maintain the quality of patient monitoring even if nurses' attention is temporarily reduced or focused elsewhere. The alarm system has an electronic access to data available in a multichannel patient monitor and the patient data management system of the intensive care unit. Median filtering, trend estimation, and rule-based reasoning are applied when processing the measured variables and estimating the patient's state.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1998

Monitoring clinical quality in Medicaid managed care.

With the recent exponential growth in managed-care plan enrollment by Medicaid beneficiaries, a variety of quality monitoring systems have emerged. This paper argues that existing quality monitoring systems, originally designed for use by employers in the private sector, are a useful starting point for quality monitoring in the Medicaid program, but that substantial enhancements are needed to provide adequate quality assurance for Medicaid beneficiaries. This paper describes the development of a range of indicators for monitoring the clinical aspect of the quality of care for Medicaid beneficiaries and offers a framework for adapting existing monitoring systems to the needs of the Medicaid population. This work is part of a larger collaborative effort by the Connecticut Department of Public Health and the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health of Yale University School of Medicine to develop a blueprint for state government's role in quality assessment and performance management for managed care.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to monitor year 2000 objectives among American Indians.

The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a data set based on telephone surveys that have been conducted by States in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control, has been used to estimate the prevalence of behavioral risk factors for adults in the United States so health objectives can be set and progress towards accomplishing them measured. Data for adult American Indians in this regard have not been available generally. The use of these data to estimate behavioral risk prevalence for American Indians by geographic region was examined and the results compared with those for white Americans. In addition, data from the system were compared with other data sets, including the results of selected surveys in American Indian communities, to explore the validity of the system as a tool for evaluating the behavioral risks of Indians. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data for the period 1985 to 1988 were used. During this period, the 1,055 American Indian respondents constituted 0.63 percent of those responding under the system and 0.70 percent of the population of the participating States. Separate (sex-specific) behavioral risk prevalence estimates were derived for Indians and whites for four geographic regions--Southwest, Plains, West Coast, and Other States. The system's behavioral risk estimates for the Plains region were compared with available data from behavioral risk surveys done in three American Indian communities in Montana (Blackfeet, Fort Peck, and Great Falls) from 1987 to 1989. The behavioral risk factors compared include use of automobile seatbelts, current smoking, current use of smokeless tobacco, heavy drinking, drinking and driving, overweight, hypertension, and sedentary lifestyle. Although large regional differences in the prevalence of these risk factors were found, the magnitude and direction of the differences are frequently similar among American Indians and whites living in the same geographic regions. The findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System among American Indians are largely consistent within dependently collected data from more resource intensive household surveys, at least when surveys in Montana are compared with system data from the Plains. These data are generally consistent with other epidemiologic studies.When they are used in conjunction with community-specific surveys, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data may be useful for monitoring the progress of American Indians towards the Year 2000 national health objectives. The value of the surveillance system for monitoring trends in behavioral risk factors among Indians would be enhanced if States attempted to over sample regions (such as Indian reservations) with a high proportion of Indian residents. It appears that aggressive health promotion and disease prevention efforts will be needed if these objectives are to be achieved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Development of enzyme flow calorimeter system for monitoring of microbial glycerol conversion.

Glycerokinase from Cellulomonas sp. was used to develop biosensor based on flow calorimetry for quantitative analysis of glycerol during bioconversion process. An automatic flow injection analysis device with the glycerol biosensor was built and tested during growth on glycerol of 1,3-propanediol-producing bacteria. The biosensor exhibited an extreme storage and operational stability enabling us to use it for more than 2 years without significant loss of sensitivity. No interference with 1,3-propanediol and fermentation medium was observed. The linear range of glycerol concentration up to 70 mM was extended by developed automatic dilution technique with the aim of automatic online monitoring of microbial process. The analytical system was able to monitor the bioconversion process in a fully automatic way during the whole run with sampling frequency of one sample per 10 min.

Bacteria↗