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At least 1,351 records · Page 75Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Differentiation of benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes with color Doppler sonography.

OBJECTIVE: This study proposed to evaluate the efficacy of color Doppler sonography in detecting possible differences in blood flow patterns between malignant and benign cervical lymph nodes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: During a period of 12 months, the palpable cervical lymph nodes of 48 untreated patients were prospectively evaluated with color Doppler sonography and Doppler flow wave analysis. Histopathologic diagnoses were obtained by sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy and/or excisional biopsy. RESULTS: We found 16 benign lymph nodes (four were tuberculous lymphadenitis, four were reactive hyperplasia, and eight were unspecified) and 32 malignant lymph nodes (13 were squamous cell carcinomas, nine were adenocarcinomas, four were small-cell carcinomas, three were lymphomas, and three were miscellaneous). Color Doppler flow patterns were seen in six (38%) of the 16 benign lymph nodes and in 29 (91%) of the 32 malignant lymph nodes. Twenty-six (81%) of the 32 malignant lymph nodes had abnormal flow patterns, with resistance indexes less than 0.6. However, three (19%) of the 16 benign lymph nodes also had abnormal flow patterns, and only seven (54%) of 13 squamous cell carcinomas had abnormal flow patterns. CONCLUSION: Color Doppler sonography has limited clinical value in differentiating malignant from benign cervical lymph nodes and in obviating biopsy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metastatic melanoma with balloon cell changes: an electron microscopic study.

A case of metastatic balloon cell melanoma is presented. The balloon cells are ultrastructurally characterized by the presence of numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles and abnormal melanosomes, which confirm their melanocytic origin. The study supports the concept that the cytoplasmic vacuoles represent grossly dilated melanosomes. The value of electron microscopic examination is emphasized in order to distinguish these lesions from other malignant clear cell tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1970

Dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic cirrhosis: a new canine model of an ancient human disease.

1. A new canine model of hepatic cirrhosis, created by intermittent, oral administration of dimethylnitrosamine, a specific hepatotoxin, is described. 2. DMNA-induced cirrhosis is stable or progressive after discontinuing the toxin, is associated with significant physiological abnormalities which correlate with severity of histological lesions, and can be produced rapidly. 3. Histological, biochemical, and physiological abnormalities associated with DMNA-induced cirrhosis resemble many features of hepatic cirrhosis in man. Data suggest that this model may be useful in studying other parameters of this complex disorder.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[A case of advanced breast cancer responding to low-dose 5'-DFUR].

A 69-year-old female patient with locally advanced breast cancer with multiple bone metastases (T4cN2-M1) was treated with 5'-DFUR after failure of tamoxifen treatment. The 5'-DFUR dose was limited to 600 mg per day, half the usual dose, because of its gastroenterological side effects. The primary tumor and metastatic axillary lymph nodes regressed three months after the start of treatment, and the complete remission of lesions was obtained in 16 months. Reduction of bone metastasis was confirmed by the disappearance of osteolytic lesion in the skull roentgenogram and the decrease of abnormal accumulation on the bone scintigram. Serum levels of CEA and ST-439 markedly reduced during the treatment as the disease regressed.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Cerebrovascular complications in patients with malignancy: report of three cases and review of the literature.

A cerebrovascular thromboembolic event may precede the identification of cancer, and be the first clinical evidence of an underlying malignancy. The malignancy can cause either nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis or hypercoagulable state, both of which may have clinical manifestions such as thrombotic or embolic occlusion of multiple major cerebral vessels. We present three cases with unusual cerebrovascular events. The first case is a 62-year-old woman who was admitted due to acute left limbs weakness and consciousness disturbance. Brain computed tomographic (CT) scan showed right middle cerebral artery (MCA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) infarctions with uncal herniation. The second case is a 44-year-old woman who was hospitalized due to acute bilateral limb weakness and consciousness disturbance. Bilateral MCA, left PCA, anterior cerebral artery (ACA) infarctions and deep vein thrombosis in the left leg were diagnosed. The third case is a 63-year-old man who developed sudden onset of right hemiplegia and consciousness disturbance. Brain CT scan showed bilateral MCA and left ACA infarction. The results of a series of examinations including biochemistry, lipid profile, carotid duplex, and transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography were unremarkable. All patients had positive disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) tests with elevated D-dimers and fibrinogen degradation products (FDP). Further systemic evaluation for malignancy revealed ovarian cancer in the first patient, endometrial carcinoma in the second patient, and adenocarcinoma of lung in the third patient. They all died of the underlying malignancy. Because the hemostatic system can be altered by malignancy, intravascular coagulation abnormalities of these malignancy-related strokes may be disclosed by laboratory assays of hemostasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Mothers of infants with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Evidence for both symptomatic and asymptomatic carriers.

Sixteen mothers of 22 infants with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex were followed up for evidence of clinical and immunologic abnormalities. With one exception, all mothers were clinically well at delivery but had evidence of immune dysfunction, with T-cell abnormalities and inverted T4/T8 ratios and/or elevation of serum immunoglobulin levels, particularly of IgG. During a follow-up period that averaged 30 months, AIDS developed in five of the mothers and AIDS-related complex in seven. Twelve subsequent pregnancies in 11 mothers produced four affected infants, suggesting that mothers can be persistently infected. Six mothers were delivered of subsequent infants who remain unaffected. These results suggest that the mothers are the likely source of infection in non-transfusion-associated cases of AIDS or AIDS-related complex in infants, that mothers have persistent immunologic abnormalities, and that they are at increased risk of developing AIDS or AIDS-related complex.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1969

Lipid abnormalities in foam cell reticulosis of mice, an analogue of human sphingomyelin lipidosis.

The lipid changes in the inheritable foam cell reticulosis of mice discovered by Lyons, Hulse, and Rowe have been reexamined. The major abnormality in thymuses from homozygous-abnormal animals has been identified as an increase in the concentration (per milligram of protein) of sphingomyelin and cholesterol. This increase is associated with normal sphingomyelin-cleaving activity. The lipid compositions of the liver and spleen in the homozygous-abnormal animal and of the thymus in the heterozygous-abnormal mouse are normal. The disorder appears to be chemically analogous to those forms of human sphingomyelin lipidosis (Niemann-Pick disease) that are not accompanied by a decrease in tissue sphingomyelinase.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Oral mucosal lesions in patients with acute leukemias and related disorders due to cytotoxic therapy.

Forty-seven children afflicted with acute leukemia were studied at the Tata Memorial Hospital Bombay to record the occurrence of oral manifestations prior to and during chemotherapy. Lymphadenopathy was the most frequent single finding suggestive of leukemia during head and neck examination. Gingival abnormalities, bleeding gums and oral mucosal pallor were the other findings on initial oral examination. Due to immunosuppression caused by the chemotherapy drugs oral mucosal ulcerations, uncontrolled herpes, candidiasis and pseudomoniasis were observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Childhood melanoma.

This article examines all cases of malignant melanoma referred to Children's Hospital, Boston, and to the author over the period 1959-1995. Criteria for inclusion in the study included (1) age up to 15 years, (2) availability of microscopic slides, and (3) availability of demographic data. There were 11 boys and 12 girls, ranging in age from 2 to 15 (mean age, 9.4) years. Histopathologically the 23 tumors were categorized into four subgroups: (1) small cell melanoma (five cases), (2) adultlike melanoma (six cases), (3) Spitz-like melanoma (three cases), and (4) atypical Spitz tumors (nine cases). The small cell melanomas were notable for localization to the scalp, significant thickness, and fatal outcome. The adultlike melanomas resembled typical tumors occurring in adults. The one fatal Spitz-like melanoma was located on the neck of a 14-year-old boy. Two tumors in this group metastasized to regional lymph nodes but have not been associated with further aggressive disease on follow-up despite having been treated with surgical excision only. The atypical Spitz tumors were characterized by significant thickness and abnormal features, including prominent cellularity and mitotic activity. Anatomic site and cell type may be important prognostic factors in addition to tumor thickness in childhood melanoma but require further study. The biological potential of atypical Spitz tumors has not been sufficiently characterized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

An overview of intestinal immunity and malabsorption.

Intestinal immune responses are adapted to function at external mucosal surfaces. Specialized forms of antibody, secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM), provid humoral immunity but little is known of local cell mediated immune reactions. Antigens in the intestinal lumen gain preferential access via Peyer's patches in which sensitised lymphocytes proliferate before entering the lymphatic system. These lymphoblasts return to the intestinal mucosa via the bloodstream to provide predominantly IgA antibody responses. Secretory IgA antibody can neutralize viruses, bacteria and toxins, and appears to block the entry of some food antigens into the lamina propria. Disturbances of intestinal immunity may result in malabsorption. Immunodeficiency states are often associated with malabsorption due to Giardia lamblia infestation. In alpha chain disease there is a malignant expansion of plasma cells in the intestinal mucosa which secrete an abnormal heavy chain fragment of IgA. Arthus type hypersensitivity reactions to milk proteins and gluten may contribute to the mucosal injury in patients suffering from milk allergy and coeliac disease.

Giardiasis↗
PubMed1996

Fine-needle aspiration of supraclavicular lymph nodes.

Malignancies from many primary sites may metastasize to supraclavicular lymph nodes (SCLN). We reviewed 100 fine-needle aspirations (FNAs) of SCLNs. There were three major types of malignancy detected by this method: adenocarcinoma (n = 40), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 14), and other malignancies (n = 29). Adenocarcinomas and other malignancies from all sites tended to metastasize to the left SCLN. Squamous cell carcinomas from all sites, however, tended to appear on the right side. For 61 patients, a previous diagnosis of malignancy had been made within 1 yr of the clinical appearance of the abnormal SCLN. For 20 patients, the primary diagnosis antedated SCLN metastasis by more than 1 yr, particularly patients with adenocarcinoma of the breast, prostate, or thyroid papillary carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

Biological and prognostic significance of stratified epithelial cytokeratins in infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas.

The biological significance of the differential expression of cytokeratin (CK) polypeptides in breast carcinomas is unclear. We examined the CK profiles of 101 primary infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas using monoclonal antibodies directed against 11 different CKs and against vimentin. Two major CK phenotypes were distinguished: first, a phenotype expressing only the simple-epithelial CKs 7 (variably), 8, 18 and 19, and secondly, a bimodal phenotype co-expressing significant amounts of one or more of the stratified-epithelial CKs 4, 14 and 17. The vast majority of G1 and G2 carcinomas had the simple-epithelium phenotype, as did a subgroup of G3 carcinomas. Interestingly, the majority (62%) of G3 carcinomas exhibited the bimodal phenotype, with the expression of CKs 4, 14 and 17 being statistically correlated with poor histological differentiation and absence of steroid hormone receptors. The distribution of vimentin only partially overlapped with that of these stratified-epithelial CKs. Prognostic analyses suggested that the presence of CKs 4, 14 and/or 17 was associated with short overall and disease-free survival in subgroups comprising G3, oestrogen-receptor-negative and vimentin-negative tumours. In node-positive tumours the correlation between these CKs and a shorter disease-free interval attained statistical significance (log rank, 0.0096). Thus, abnormal CK profiles in ductal breast carcinomas appear to reflect disturbed regulation of differentiation-related gene expression programmes and may prove to be of clinical value.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1982

Immunologic abnormalities in homosexual men. Relationship to Kaposi's sarcoma.

Studies were performed to define the immunologic status of various groups of homosexual men including homosexual men with Kaposi's sarcoma, healthy homosexual men who were of similar ages to the homosexual patients with Kaposi's sarcoma and homosexual men with hyperplastic lymphadenopathy. Heterosexual men with Kaposi's sarcoma were also studied. Immunologic parameters which were examined included serum immunoglobulin levels, enumeration of B cells, T cells, and T-cell subsets, and quantitation of lymphocyte responsive to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Significant immunologic abnormalities were observed in all three groups of homosexuals studied. These were most severe in the homosexuals with Kaposi's sarcoma, somewhat less severe in homosexual men with lymphadenopathy, and least marked but still significant in healthy homosexual men. Heterosexual men with Kaposi's sarcoma displayed essentially normal immunologic profiles. The possible etiologic factors underlying the immunologic abnormalities in the male homosexual population studied and the role of an altered immune system in the development of and the fulminant course of Kaposi's sarcoma in these patients are discussed.

Homosexuality↗
PubMed1984

Fibroblasts from patients with breast cancer show abnormal migratory behaviour in vitro.

In culture on collagen gels normal and transformed fibroblasts can be distinguished by their differential migratory response to changes in cell density. The effects of cell density on fibroblast migration may be expressed by a single numerical value, the cell density migration index (CDMI). Tumour-derived fibroblasts and skin fibroblasts from the majority of 24 breast-cancer patients examined had CDMI values characteristic of transformed cells. There was a significant correlation between the expression of abnormal CDMI values by tumour-derived fibroblasts and the presence of lymph-node metastases. Fibroblasts from 10 patients with benign breast disease had normal CDMI values.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The use of ionized iodine for cancer prevention and eradication.

Using an ionized iodine compound, it may be possible to transmit a weak effect of the digestive enzymes from the duodenal lumen to the cytoplasmic structures beyond the cell membrane in general organic tissues. Povidone-iodine is easily obtainable at present, and may be the most suitable ionized material for the transmission of the enzymatic effects to body tissues. Consequently, to remove certain cellular byproducts accumulated abnormally in cancerous cytoplasm, and to achieve cancer prevention and eradication, a method of using povidone-iodine, as a conceptual model, should be devised and developed in the future.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Thoracic intrathymic thyroid.

OBJECTIVE: The authors introduce thoracic intrathymic thyroid as a clinical entity. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Although accessory aberrant thyroid has not been found in other tissues in the mediastinum, a thoracic intrathymic location has not been described previously. It is believed that mediastinal thyroid tissue represents accessory ectopic tissue from the median thyroid anlage. Moreover, the close association of the thymus and thyroid supports the theory that mediastinal ectopic thyroid tissue develops from abnormal descent of these structures during embryogenesis. METHODS: Benign thoracic intrathymic thyroid lesions are described in patients with mediastinal masses. CONCLUSION: Thoracic intrathymic thyroid is a distinct entity. Its occurrence is supported both clinically and embryologically.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Lumbar pain in stage 1 testicular germ cell tumours: a symptom preceding radiological abnormality.

In a series of 114 stage 1 testicular tumour patients managed by a surveillance policy there have been 26 relapses. Three of these patients presented with lumbar pain as the first sign of relapse. All 3 were tumour marker non-producers and the onset of pain pre-dated radiological abnormality by up to 4 months. Stage 1 surveillance patients who develop lumbar pain must be considered to be at high risk of relapse to avoid delay in diagnosis which may prejudice survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Concurrent adrenal pheochromocytoma and papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid in a 20-year-old man.

A 20-year-old man was admitted to Kyushu University Hospital with complaints of severe headache and episodic hypertension (200/100 mmHg). Ultrasonograms and computed tomographs revealed tumors in the left adrenal region and in the right lower lobe of the thyroid gland. Total thyroidectomy and left adrenalectomy were performed. The excised thyroid tumor and adrenal tumor were pathologically diagnosed as papillary adenocarcinoma and pheochromocytoma, respectively. A chromosome analysis revealed no karyotypic abnormality. Whereas the world literature records such occurrences in women, this is the first report of a simultaneous occurrence of pheochromocytoma and papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid in a young man.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗