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PubMed2004

Cancelled requests:a study of interlibrary loan requests for items held in a medical library collection.

This paper presents the results of a study to document and analyze a sample of interlibrary loan requests received from library patrons of an academic medical library for items that are actually held in the collection of the library. This category is referred to as cancelled requests. The purpose of the study was to attempt to measure the degree to which library patrons are not making the best possible use of the collection and understand why this was taking place. Suggestions are presented for steps to lower the cancellation rate.

Academic Medical Centers↗

PubMed2004

Mimotopes for alloreactive and conventional T cells in a peptide-MHC display library.

The use of peptide libraries for the identification and characterization of T cell antigen peptide epitopes and mimotopes has been hampered by the need to form complexes between the peptides and an appropriate MHC molecule in order to construct a complete T cell ligand. We have developed a baculovirus-based peptide library method in which the sequence encoding the peptide is embedded within the genes for the MHC molecule in the viral DNA, such that insect cells infected with virus encoding a library of different peptides each displays a unique peptide-MHC complex on its surface. We have fished in such a library with two different fluorescent soluble T cell receptors (TCRs), one highly peptide specific and the other broadly allo-MHC specific and hypothesized to be much less focused on the peptide portion of the ligand. A single peptide sequence was selected by the former alphabetaTCR that, not unexpectedly, was highly related to the immunizing peptide. As hypothesized, the other alphabetaTCR selected a large family of peptides, related only by a similarity to the immunizing peptide at the p5 position. These findings have implications for the relative importance of peptide and MHC in TCR ligand recognition. This display method has broad applications in T cell epitope identification and manipulation and should be useful in general in studying interactions between complex proteins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2002

Direct selection of cDNAs from filamentous phage surface display libraries: potential and limitations.

Over the past decade, powerful technologies devoted to survey large molecular libraries for the presence of specific clones using the discriminative power of affinity selection have been developed. Phage surface display technology is the most established of these methods and has revolutionised our ability to select agonistic and antagonistic peptides, antibodies with desired specificity and other drug targets. Thereby ligands are expressed as fusions to phage coat proteins and their respective genes are packaged within the phage. The basic concept of linking the phenotype, expressed as gene product displayed on the phage coat, to its genetic information integrated into the phage genome, creates fusion proteins covalently associated with the infectious particle itself. Binding of the phage to the target molecule offers a selective system by which rare phage carrying the desired gene product can be selected from large phage populations carrying inappropriate sequences. Phage selected in this fashion can be used for subsequent rounds of selection because they are able to self-replicate in suitable host cells, yielding target-specific phage populations after several consecutive rounds of affinity selection. Over 1500 publications describe the use of phage display technology highlighting its performance. Phage display possesses certain limitations, including its use for selection of genes from cDNA libraries that has lagged behind, despite the many accomplishments of this technology. Here we discuss recent progress in construction and screening of cDNA libraries displayed on phage surface and emerging concepts allowing fast identification of virtually all different clones present in enriched libraries.

Bacteriophages↗

PubMed2006

Optimal design of Ig 5' primers for construction of diverse phage antibody library established to select anti-HAb18GEF and anti-DOTA-Y Fabs for hepatoma pretargeting RIT.

Phage antibody library yields antibodies with higher affinity against different antigens, if diverse IgV gene repertoires can be amplified. As the currently available Fab primer sets cannot guarantee efficient amplification with high diversity, and because rare cloning sites can be found in certain Ig genes, here, we present an optimal set of Ig 5' primers, compatible with Fd 5' clone site replaced pComb3 vector, for diverse Fab phage display library construction. These novel Fab primes designed based on the newly classified IgV families, not only have best match and highest coverage for IgV family with minimized N-terminal amino acid changes, but also present good amplification diversity and efficiency of Ig gene from mice immunized with different forms of antigens (HAb18GEF, KLH-DOTA-Y, and HAb18G/pcDNA3). A high quality immune phage library with good diversity was constructed based on the mixed Ig repertoire, and five high affinity Fab antibodies were selected to specifically bind to HAb18GEF, DOTA-Y and an irrelevant antigen gamma-sm, respectively. This novel Fab primers set can be applied to the construction of diverse phage antibody library and the anti-HAb18GEF and anti-DOTA-Y Fab antibodies lay a solid foundation for radioimmunotherapy of hepatoma.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Talkback telephone network. Techniques of providing library continuing education.

Four lectures on solving medical reference requests were given over a talkback telephone teleconference network which links 110 hospitals throughout the state. Participants in the course were librarians in nonurban public libraries, systems libraries, and small hospital libraries. Professional librarians as well as library personnel with little training took the course. Techniques were developed for providing continuing education over this telephone network to individuals located in remote areas. These techniques are described including analysis of their advantages and disadvantages.

Education, Continuing↗

PubMed1999

The value of Web-based library services at Cedars-Sinai Health System.

Cedars-Sinai Medical Library/Information Center has maintained Web-based services since 1995 on the Cedars-Sinai Health System network. In that time, the librarians have found the provision of Web-based services to be a very worthwhile endeavor. Library users value the services that they access from their desktops because the services save time. They also appreciate being able to access services at their convenience, without restriction by the library's hours of operation. The library values its Web site because it brings increased visibility within the health system, and it enables library staff to expand services when budget restrictions have forced reduced hours of operation. In creating and maintaining the information center Web site, the librarians have learned the following lessons: consider the design carefully; offer what services you can, but weigh the advantages of providing the services against the time required to maintain them; make the content as accessible as possible; promote your Web site; and make friends in other departments, especially information services.

California↗

PubMed2001

Circulation of core collection monographs in an academic medical library.

Academic medical librarians responsible for monograph acquisition face a challenging task. From the plethora of medical monographs published each year, academic medical librarians must select those most useful to their patrons. Unfortunately, none of the selection tools available to medical librarians are specifically intended to assist academic librarians with medical monograph selection. The few short core collection lists that are available are intended for use in the small hospital or internal medicine department library. As these are the only selection tools available, however, many academic medical librarians spend considerable time reviewing these collection lists and place heavy emphasis on the acquisition of listed books. The study reported here was initiated to determine whether the circulation of listed books in an academic library justified the emphasis placed on the acquisition of these books. Circulation statistics for "listed" and "nonlisted" books in the hematology (WH) section of Indiana University School of Medicine's Ruth Lilly Medical Library were studied. The average circulation figures for listed books were nearly two times as high as the corresponding figures for the WH books in general. These data support the policies of those academic medical libraries that place a high priority on collection of listed books.

Book Selection↗

PubMed2001

Reading factor: a bibliometric tool to manage a virtual library.

UNLABELLED: Among the many bibliometric criteria used to evaluate biomedical journals, the impact factor is the most commonly used. Despite its limitations, it quantifies the influence of a journal on secondary publications. It does not however evaluate the practical usefulness of primary documents. Usefulness is field-related and varies greatly among specialities. We introduce a new bibliographic criterion, the "reading factor", and define it as the ratio between the number of electronic consultations of a particular journal (i.e., number of clicks on a hyper-link) and the mean number of electronic consultations of all the journals studied (itself calculated by dividing the total number of electronic accesses by the number of journals in the database). We describe its observed distribution, relative to that of the impact factor, based on electronic consultation records from our University Hospital medical digital library, where full-text electronic versions of 45 major biomedical journals have been available since December 1997. From this analysis we found no correlation between the 1999 reading factor and the 1998 impact factor of these 45 journals, and we observed a dramatic change in the hierarchy of journals upon using the reading factor as the yardstick rather than the impact factor. Moreover, we describe how using the reading factor has helped in managing the collection of our University Hospital's virtual library. The selection of journals to be discarded from the virtual library for the year 2001 was based on journals' RF values and this process will repeated over the coming years. The reading factor also permits a cost-analysis of a virtual library. CONCLUSION: The measurement of the reading factor is highly automated, practical and efficient. It appears as a new tool for electronic collection management by librarians, well fitting with economical data.

Bibliometrics↗

PubMed1965

PLANNING HOSPITAL LIBRARY QUARTERS: REFERENCES TO HELP THE LIBRARIAN.

When a hospital planned an addition that would allow library expansion, the librarian looked into relevant literature for information on what improvements she should request for the new library. Shortly she was reading not for self-instruction alone but also to strengthen her credentials for membership on the planning team. The bibliography which resulted has been annotated and, by means of an index, classified. Topics examined in the twenty-five references range from library standards and the writing of a significant building program to attainment of happy collaboration between librarian and architect, space relationships designed to facilitate work flow, planned flexibility for the sake of the future, and heating, lighting, decoration, library equipment, and furniture.

Architecture↗

PubMed2004

Research on the value of medical library services: does it make an impact in the health care literature?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact in the health care literature of research articles that provided evidence of the value of library services (including MEDLINE) as an element of quality health care. DATA SOURCES/SELECTION: Four research articles on the relationship between use of library services and quality health care were selected as "primary articles" from a MEDLINE search using appropriate Medical Subject Heading. Primary articles met the following criteria: written in English, reported research, related to clinical care, and published before 1995. DATA EXTRACTION: The technique of citation analysis was used to measure the impact of the primary articles on the subsequent literature. The number, authorship, type, and publication venue of articles citing the primary articles were determined using ISI Web of Science, MEDLINE, other electronic resources, and the citing articles themselves. For the 146 English-language citing articles, the article type (i.e., advocacy, instructional, research) was noted; and, for those that reported research, the use to which the author put the cited material was determined. RESULTS: The primary articles were cited more often than the average articles published that year in the same journals. At the time of the study each article had been cited almost every year since publication. Of the 146 citing articles written in English, 43% were written by librarians, 38% by physicians, 12% by librarians with physicians. The majority were published in medical journals, followed in order of decreasing frequency by the Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, information science journals, and health administration journals. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrate that published research on the value of medical library services has an impact on the literature. These articles are read and cited and continue to be of value.

Authorship↗

PubMed2004

Using knowledge management practices to develop a state-of-the-art digital library.

Diffusing knowledge management practices within an organization encourages and facilitates reuse of the institution's knowledge commodity. Following knowledge management practices, the Eskind Biomedical Library (EBL) has created a Digital Library that uses a holistic approach for integration of information and skills to best represent both explicit and tacit knowledge inherent in libraries. EBL's Digital Library exemplifies a clear attempt to organize institutional knowledge in the field of librarianship, in an effort to positively impact clinical, research, and educational processes in the medical center.

Academic Medical Centers↗

PubMed1992

1991 survey of recent health sciences library building projects.

Twenty health sciences libraries reported building planning, expansion, or construction of new facilities in the association's second annual survey of recent building projects. Six projects are new, freestanding structures in which the library occupies all or a major portion of the space. Six other projects are part of new construction for separately administered units in which the library is a major tenant. The final eight projects involve additions to or renovations of existing space. Seven of these twenty libraries were still in projected, predesign, or design stages of awaiting funding approval; of those seven, five were not prepared to release the requested information. Six projects are reported here as illustrative of current building projects.

China↗

PubMed2005

The National Library of Medicine's 2004 "Symposium on community-based health information outreach". Introduction.

OBJECTIVES: This paper introduces the special supplement to the Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA) that documents the proceedings of the "Symposium on Community-based Health Information Outreach" held on December 2 and 3, 2004, at the National Library of Medicine (NLM). The goal of the symposium was to explore new models of health information outreach that are emerging as technology dramatically changes the abilities of medical and health services libraries to provide resources and services beyond their traditional institutional boundaries, with particular concern for consumer health information outreach through community-based organizations. The symposium's primary objectives were to learn about successful and promising work that had already been done as well as to develop a vision for the future that could inform the NLM's next National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM) contract. Another objective was to review and assess the NLM's Strategic Plan to Reduce Health Disparities with special emphasis on Native Americans. METHOD: The paper describes the background events and rationale that led to the NLM's decision to convene the symposium and summarizes the supplement's ten other papers, some of which were presented at the symposium and some of which were written afterward to capture the symposium's working sessions. RESULTS: The symposium convened approximately 150 invited participants with a wide variety of perspectives and experience. Sessions were held to present exemplary outreach projects, to review the NLM's Strategic Plan to Reduce Health Disparities, to summarize the research underpinnings for evaluating outreach projects, and to provide a futurist's perspective. A panel of community representatives gave voice to the participants in outreach projects, and sixteen posters describing outreach projects were available, many of them with community representatives on hand to explain the work. IMPLICATIONS: This JMLA supplement provides a comprehensive summary of the state of the art in community-based outreach and a jumping-off point for future outreach efforts.

Community-Institutional Relations↗

PubMed1977

Selected list of books and journals for the small medical library.

This revised list of 472 books and 138 journals is intended as a selection guide for small or medium-sized hospital libraries or for the small medical library serving a specified clientele. It can also be used as a core list by small hospital library consortia. Books and journals are categorized by subject, with the books being followed by an author index and the journals by an alphabetical title listing. Items suggested for initial purchase by smaller libraries are indicated by an asterisk. To purchase the entire collection of books and to pay for annual subscriptions to all the journals would require an expenditure of about $18,200. The cost of only the asterisked items recommended for first purchase totals approximately $4,500.

Bibliographies as Topic↗

PubMed1988

Library use and information-seeking behavior of veterinary medical students.

Veterinary medical students at Iowa State University were assessed for general use of the veterinary library and for their information-seeking behavior. The library was most frequently used for studying and for making photocopies of materials. The typical respondent relied on course textbooks and handouts for current information on unfamiliar topics, instead of using indexes or abstracts for guidance to recent literature. Light use of library information resources raises the concern that students are developing an inadequate base of retrieval skills for finding information on new procedures, diseases and drugs. No differences were found between students with and without formal bibliographic instruction in their approaches to seeking information or in library use.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed1988

A hospital microwave system for library telecommunication.

The medical library of the Olin E. Teague Veterans' Center needed access to an online integrated library system at a site eighty miles away. The center already operated a tower-to-tower microwave for teleconferencing and the library was able to use this as a temporary means of communication with the distant online system. The microwave link performed satisfactorily, leading to consideration of its use for other library applications.

Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over↗

PubMed1986

Physicians' perceptions of library services in a rural state.

A survey was disseminated to learn physicians' perceptions of library/information resources and services available in South Dakota. It sought their reactions to various information sources, their assessment of available library services, and their opinions as to which services should be promoted. Descriptive data provided by the respondents (geographic location, affiliation, specialty, years of service, and local institutional availability of library services) were correlated against responses. Only the last variable (which indicated whether the physician was unserved, underserved, or served by library information services) provided significant differences in group responses. The survey, results, and implications for library services in other rural states are discussed.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed1979

Selected list of books and journals for the small medical library.

This revised list of 492 books and 138 journals is intended as a selection guide for small or medium-sized hospital libraries or for the small medical library serving a specified clientele. It can also be used as a core list by small hospital library consortia. Books and journals are categorized by subject, with the books being followed by an author index and the journals by an alphabetical title listing. Items suggested for initial purchase by smaller libraries are indicated by an asterisk. To purchase the entire collection of books and to pay for annual subscriptions to all the journals would require an expenditure of about $22,500. The cost of only the asterisked items, recommended for first purchase, totals approximately $6,100.

Bibliography of Medicine↗