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At least 1,351 records · Page 75Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Secretory activity of the small intestine after resection of the pancreas].

The experiments on dogs have shown that during 3-5 weeks after resection of 1/3 and 2/3 of the pancreas the total amount of the excreted intestinal juice and the content of proper enteric enzymes in it (enterokinase, alkaline phosphatase and saccharase) are decreased. According to the author's data the activity of intestinal juice amylase and lipase being enzymes mostly of the pancreatic origin, transferred in the small intestine from blood, is enhanced due to impairment of the histo-hematic barrier in the region of the resected pancreatic stump. 2-3 months following resection of 2/3 of the pancreatic gland the amount of excreted intestinal juice was nearly unchanged, but the content of proper enteric enzymes was somewhat increased, as compared with background indices.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Lysozyme as a local defense factor in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with chronic diseases of the digestive organs].

No microbial growth in platings of the gastric juice of patients with gastric ulcer and chronic anacidic gastritis was observed. It means that the absence of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice does not deprive it of any antimicrobial action. The possible role of lysozyme in providing sterility of the proximal part of the gastro-intestinal tract was studied. Eighty patients with chronic diseases of the digestive organs were observed. It was noted that the levels of lysozyme in the gastric juice was high and markedly exceeded the maximum concentrations required for lysis of organisms most resistant to it. The maximum concentration was determined at pH of the gastric juice equal to 7.0-7.5 (265 gamma/ml+/-28). No lysozyme in the content of the duodenum and jejunal juice was found in most cases. Its presence in the above parts of the gastro-intestinal tract was mainly associated with microbial growth. The maximum concentration of lysozyme (40 gamma/ml) in the jejunal juice was observed in a female patient with chronic enterocolitis and significant microbial proliferation in the thin colon (more than 10(4) microbial bodies per 1 ml of the juice). Such parallelism between the presence of lysozyme in the gastric juice and microbial proliferation in it may be considered as a protective-adoptive reaction of the host.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2000

Toxocara canis: determination of the origin of antigenic materials released from infective larvae.

Indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) revealed antigenic focal areas in the brain tissues of mice infected by Toxocara canis as determined by the light, electron and fluorescent microscopic examination of the infective larvae. The oesophageal gland was well defined and its secretory activity was evident. The oral orifice and the lumen of oesophagus were strongly fluorescing by using anti ES serum. These indicate the antigenic property of oesophageal gland secretion. Intestine appeared to be non-functional. There was a well-developed "H" shaped excretory cell with two lateral excretory columns. The sharing of the excretory system in released antigenic materials was evident by the fluorescence of its pore onto the parasite surface. An electron dense coat that covered the surface of the larva may be formed by products released from the oesophageal gland and the excretory system. Shedding of the outer larval surface was detected by IFAT at 37 degrees C.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Spontaneous and postoperative bile peritonitis. Surgical technique].

BACKGROUND: Bile peritonitis has a diversified aetiology that can present in clinical pictures of variable gravity depending on whether the bile is uncontaminated or activated by other secretions (intestinal, pancreatic) or actually infected. The consequent treatment is therefore eclectic. In our opinion, however, the therapeutic strategy proves effective if modulated on the basis of certain priority elements that should be carefully considered. The type of treatment adopted in relation to immediate and long-term results has been evaluated. METHODS: The investigation was carried out retrospectively on the series of bile peritonitis treated at the Surgical Clinic of the University of Modena from 1980 to 1998. 45 cases of bile peritonitis are reported of which: 32 postoperative, 2 post-traumatic, 2 following transparietohepatic injection, 7 during acute necrotic cholecystitis, 2 following spontaneous perforation of the biliary tree. As regards the type of treatment, in 13 cases (well-drained postoperative forms) a conservative solution was adopted; in another 13 cases (9 septic and 4 with mixed bile supply) surgery was resorted to again, in the remainder transparietohepatic drainage was carried out in association almost always with the application of a transpapillary endoprosthesis. RESULTS: Morbility was 26.6% (12 cases); 4 patients (8.8%) were reoperated for late complications with mortality of 50%. Total mortality was 20% (9 patients). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of bile peritonitis may be eclectic but the complex forms benefit from early surgical or parasurgical treatment for a definitive resolution of this feared complication.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[A new model for reflux prevention following distal and total stomach resection].

By means of a short isoperistaltic invagination of a small bowel segment a valve mechanism has been developed experimentally. After complete or partial gastric resection (B II) reflux of alkaline intestinal secretion could be prevented. Even under extreme pathological conditions like head down position and external compression normal valve function has been achieved.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Tegaserod for the treatment of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.

Tegaserod, a potent, partial serotonin 4 receptor (5-HT4) agonist, is an effective agent for the treatment of females with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Tegaserod enhances gastric motility, stimulates peristaltic reflux and intestinal secretion, inhibits visceral sensitivity, and/or shortens colonic transit time. This agent may help women who have failed to respond to diet and exercise, laxatives, and other forms of therapy. The optimal dose of tegaserod is 6 mg twice daily and results in decreased number of days per month with pain, bloating, and days without bowel movements. Tegaserod is less effective in males than females in the treatment of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Tegaserod is well tolerated. Diarrhea is the most frequent adverse effect. The diarrhea tends to occur most frequently during the first few months of therapy and decreases with continued administration.

Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic↗
PubMed1975

[Dietary modification of a specific hormonal system of the duodenal mucosa controlling the endocrine and exocrine pancreatic secretions].

The effect of different food substrates on production by the duodenal mucosa of factors acting on the endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas was studied in the rat in vivo. Intragastric loads of glucose, maltose, arginine, lysine, peanut oil or a protein hydrolysate (Nesmida) were given to a first group of rats. The duodenum was removed at various times after food and extracts of duodenal mucosa were injected into the pancreatic-duodenal artery of other rats. The effect of these extracts was determined by measuring immunoreactive insulin levels in the portal vein and amylase, trypsin and lipase activities in the pancreatic juice of this second series of rats. Glucose and arginine, but not lysine, increased the activity of duodenal extracts on insulin secretion, whereas oil ingestion modified the activity of the duodenal extracts by inhibiting insulin secretion. Duodenal mucosa extracts taken 30 min after glucose and maltose ingestion stimulated amylase but not trypsin in the pancreatic juice, whereas extracts taken 45 min after ingestion of a protein hydrolysate stimulated trypsin but not amylase production. The extracts taken after oil ingestion specifically stimulated lipase secretion. These observations suggest the possibility of a hormonal system which is modulated by various food substrates and influences both endocrine and exocrine pancreas functions.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Acute secretory travellers' diarrhoea caused by Vibrio cholerae non-01 which does not produce cholera-like or heat-stable enterotoxins.

An Australian tourist suffering from severe acute watery diarrhoea and dehydration due to Vibrio cholerae non-01 was studied. The V. cholerae strain isolated from the patient belonged to serovar 05. The organism did not produce any of the conventional enterotoxins including cholera-toxin (CT) or heat-stable toxins (NAG-ST) that are known to be associated with intestinal secretion. This report suggests that toxin(s) other than CT-like or NAG-ST may be involved in the pathogenesis of diarrhoea by some V. cholerae non-01 strains.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

[Protein losing enteropathy (PLE) detected by Tc99m-labelled human serum albumin abdominal scintigraphy--case report].

Protein losing enteropathy (PLE) is a gastrointestinal disorder that is associated with excessive loss of plasma protein into the gut resulting from abnormal mucosal permeability. The disease is usually caused by inflammation. The loss of protein in PLE is a nonselective process affecting albumin, globulin and transferrin. Abdominal scintigraphy with human serum albumin marked by Tc99m seems to be an easy and sensitive method for diagnosing PLE. An 4-year-old girl was presented to an outside Pediatric Department due to hypoproteinemia and recurrent pneumonia which had caused several prior hospitalizations. The laboratory tests revealed hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, low level of IgG, sideropenia, and a decreased level of T lymphocytes. The loss of protein into the gut was confirmed by fecal clearance of alfa-1 antitrypsin. Only nonspecific inflammation was detected by biopsy of the small intestine. These clinical and laboratory findings, quickly decreasing IgG and albumin levels in spite of i.v. supplementation and the lack of proteinuria permitted PLE diagnosis. The abdominal scintigraphy was planned to assess and localise protein losing through GIT and for strategy of possible surgical treatment. Abdominal dynamic scintigraphy was performed immediately after the injection of 300 MBq Tc99m human albumin. 90 images were taken within 180 minutes. Delayed abdominal images were obtained 6 and 24 hours after the tracer injection. Anterior abdominal scintigraphy showed pathological activity of Tc99m-albumin in small bowel in the upper left segment of the abdomen in the 40th minute after injection. Extensive accumulation of albumin was seen in the 160th minute. Delayed images, after 3 and 6 hours, revealed translocation of the tracer into the lower right abdominal segment. The further passage and tracer concentration was detected in ascendant and transverse colon. Based on the laboratory tests and scintigraphic images the girl was suspected to have segmental lymphangiectasia of small intestine and was qualified for laparatomy and, possibly, for surgical resection of the pathologically changed bowel. However, diffuse pathological changes revealed in the guts during the operation, rendered the operation impossible. Tc99m-labelled human serum albumin scintigraphy may be considered the method-of-choice in the diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy. However, in this test the assessment of the enteropathy dimension is difficult and surgical treatment should be planned with caution.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗