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PubMedDate not supplied

Studies in intestinal parasitic disease agents in stools of people in a rural area of Nigeria.

A summary of 300 villagers who reported at the Parasitology Laboratory of the School of Medical Laboratory Technology (S.M.L.T) Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria was carried out for the presence of parasites' cysts, eggs, or larva. Of the 300 faecal samples examined using the light microscope after formal-ether centrifugation, 127 (42.3%) harboured one or more parasites. The parasites identified and their prevalent rates were: Entamoeba coli (19.0%) Necator americanus (17.0%); Entamoeba histolytica (4.7%); Schistosoma mansoni (3.0%); Giardia lamblia (2.3%); Trichuris trichuria (1.7%); Trichomonas hominis (1.0%); Ascaris lumbricoides (0.7%); Hymenolepsis nana (0.3%) Endolimax nana o. 3%); stercoralis (0.23%), and Iodamoeba butschlii (0.3%). The overall infection was 22.7% for the males and 19.7% for the females. Incidence was highest in villagers aged between 21 and 40 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Intestinal parasites in four Warsaw kindergarten children in 1994-1996].

In 1994/96 there were examined 588 children attending four Warsaw's kindergartens. Investigations were made by means of a standard coprological methods and by ELISA method for the presence of coproantigens of Giardia. The extensiveness of the infection was about 12.5%. It seems that now only oxyuriosis is the most important epidemiological problem among these children. The complexity of diagnosis and treatment of infected children and some health's education may improve their health and prevent the spreading of invasion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cross-sectional study of intestinal parasites and Chagas' disease in the Municipality of Novo Airão, State of Amazonas, Brazil].

A cross-sectional study was performed on the residents of one in every ten households in the town of Novo Airão, in the northern meso-region of the State of Amazonas, 250 kilometers from Manaus by riverboat. A family cluster sample of 89 dwellings was studied. A stool sample was requested from each of the inhabitants for examination using the Lutz sedimentation and Baermann-Moraes-Coutinho techniques, and blood was taken by venous puncture for Trypanosoma cruzi Elisa antibody testing and immunofluorescence. From a total of 316 stool samples, 87.6% had one or more parasites: Ascaris lumbricoides (35.1%), Entamoeba histolytica (29.1%), Giardia lamblia (17.4%), and other parasites with lower prevalence rates. These results were directly correlated with lack of sanitation and clean water supply. Of the 346 sera examined, 16 (4.6%) were reactive to T. cruzi antibodies, but only three showed a correlation between this result and human contact with wild triatomines, known locally as "piassava lice".

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Intestinal parasitic diseases of school children in the Republic of Niger].

Coprologic surveys realized in schoolchildren in a few western areas of the Republic of Niger provided the following results. Concerning protozoa, the prevalence of amebiasis-infestation is strong in all the studies areas, giardiasis is more frequent in dry areas. As for the helminths, Hymenolepsis nana is met everywhere, the prevalence of ancylostomiasis decreases gradually from the south to the north and the endemic area of Schistosoma mansoni is limited to the extreme south of the country. The other helminthiasis are rare.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Cyclospora cayetanensis and other intestinal parasites associated with diarrhea in a rural area of Jordan.

Cryptosporidium spp. and Cyclospora cayetanensis have emerged as important causes of epidemic and endemic diarrhea in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. The exact modes of transmission in certain rural areas are still unclear. Reports of water-borne and food-borne outbreaks suggest that fecally contaminated water or food acts as a vehicle of transmission. Two hundred stool samples of patients with gastroenteritis from four health centers in a rural area of Jordan were examined using formalin-ethyl acetate concentration, wet preparation, and modified acid-fast staining methods. Oocysts of C. cayetanensis and Cryptosporidium spp. were found in 6% and 8% of the samples respectively, mainly those of children. Parasites such as Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and other enteropathogens were also observed. The results reflect the seasonality of natural cyclosporiasis and cryptosporidiosis, being higher in the spring. The risk factors that were found by the Fisher test to be significant and might be associated with illness are the source of drinking water, contact with animals, and eating unwashed vegetables ( p<0.028, p<0.0005, p<0.00005 respectively).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A survey on intestinal parasitic infections in Laotian refugees at Ubon Province, Northeastern Thailand, with special reference to schistosomiasis.

454 stool specimens were collected from the Laotian refugees residing in the refugee camp, Ubon Province, from August 8 to 11, 1978, and were examined by formalin ether sedimentation technique. One of them (0.22%) was infected with Schistosoma mekongi. Since there are freshwater hydrobiid snails, Lithoglyphopsis aperta, the intermediate host of S. mekongi in that area, it is probable that the disease may become established in Northeastern Thailand in the future, which will eventually lead to health and economic problems in Thailand.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

A preliminary survey for intestinal parasites in the Tis Abay town, northwest Ethiopia, with special references to Schistosoma mansoni.

A parasitological survey was made in Tis Abay town, north western Ethiopia in January 1991. A total of 615 stool specimens were randomly collected from school and non-school populations. Prevalence rates for S. mansoni and other intestinal helminths were computed. Human behaviour and waste disposal were observed to be conducive for transmission of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted parasites. From the findings of this preliminary survey it is suggested that improvement of sanitary conditions and provision of a piped water supply to all households may reduce transmission of soil and water-borne infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Intestinal parasitic infections in the residents of an emigration camp in Tijuana, Mexico.

We examined stool specimens of the residents in the emigration camp in Tijuana, Mexico for helminth eggs or protozoan cysts with formalin-ethyl acetate concentration method in February and July 1992. Out of 92 examined samples, number of positive was 49 (53.3%). While number of cumulative positive was 66 (71.7%). Cysts of Entamoeba coli (29.3%) Giardia lamblia (9.8%), Entamoeba histolytica (7.6%), and eggs of Taenia spp. (6.5) were most frequently observed. Filtered water supply and chemotherapy were required in this camp.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Second report on intestinal parasites among the patients of Seoul Paik Hospital (1984-1992)].

The results of fecal examination for helminth eggs and protozoan cysts in Seoul Paik Hospital during 1984-1992 are reported. Fecal specimens of a total of 52,552 out- or inpatients were examined by formalin-ether sedimentation and/or direct smear method. The overall egg positive rate of helminths was 6.5% and the cyst positive rate of protozoa 2.5%. The egg positive rate (number of positive cases) for each species of helminth was; Clonorchis sinensis 3.2% (1,667), Trichuris trichiura 2.0% (1,089), Metagonimus yokogawai 1.2% (613), Ascaris lumbricoides 0.2% (100), Trichostrongylus orientalis 0.1% (34), Taenia spp. 0.05% (28), Hymenolepis nana 0.03% (18), hookworms 0.03% (17), Paragonimus westermani 0.02% (12), Echinostoma spp. 0.03% (12), Enterobius vermicularis 0.02% (10), Strongyloides stercoralis (larvae) 0.01% (6), and Diphyllobothrium latum 0.004% (2). The cyst positive rate (number of positive cases) for each protozoan was; Entamoeba coli 1.1% (588), Endolimax nana 0.8% (402), Giardia lamblia 0.3% (173), Entamoeba histolytica 0.3% (164), and Trichomonas hominis (trophozoites) 0.004% (2). Viewing from the data of 9 years, it was evident that the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths such as A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura has been decreasing remarkably, while that of snail-transmitted helminths such as C. sinensis and intestinal protozoans has not.

Feces↗
PubMed1993

Intestinal parasitic infections and urbanization.

About a third of the population in the cities of developing countries live in slums and shanty towns. By the year 2000 it is estimated that this number will grow to 2200 million, and by 2025 about 57% of the population in developing countries will be in urban areas. The prevalence of infections caused by Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia intestinalis and the prevalence and intensity of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infections may increase among the rural populations who are migrating to these urban and suburban settings owing to the favourable conditions for transmission. Urgent consideration should therefore be given to improving sanitation in deprived urban areas and to treating periodically these populations to reduce the worm burden, especially in school-age children.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1996

Intestinal parasitic infections in immunosuppressed patients.

Hundred immunosuppressed patients and 50 apparently healthy individuals as control were subjected to stool examination for parasitic infections by the direct smear method and the merthiolate iodine formal-dehyde (MIF) concentration technique. The modified Ziehl-Neelson stain and the aniline carbol methyl violet stain were used to detect Cryptosporidium oocysts. 27 Patients were found positive using the MIF technique while only 13 of them were positive by the direct smear method. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 7 cases using the aniline carbol methl violet stain while only 5 of them were positive by the modified Ziehl-Neelson stain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Intestinal parasitism: a childhood problem in rural Bengal.

A study was undertaken to assess the parasitic infection rate in a rural community of West Bengal amongst children below four years of age suffering from gastrointestinal complaints. A total of 221 faecal samples were examined during November 1992 to April 1994. G. lamblia (17.2%) and E. histolytica (8.1%) were the predominant protozoas, whereas E. vermicularis (12.2%) and A. lumbricoides (8.1%) were found to be common amongst helminthic infection. A significantly lower infection rate was observed in children below one year (24.4 per cent) as compared to older age groups (66.4 per cent).

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1981

Aspects of intestinal parasitism in villagers from rural peninsular India.

In 1977, a parasitological survey was undertaken of stool samples collected from 335 people from 5 villages in semi-arid regions of peninsular India. Stools, which were collected from various individuals in a stratified sample of 40 matched households from each village, were examined by standard diagnostic procedures. Eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides and protozoan cysts, which were identified on morphological grounds as belonging to Entamoeba spp., were most common. Other protozoan cysts were considered to be those of Balantidium coli, and eggs of hookworm and Hymenolepis nana were also observed in some of the stool specimens. The prevalence of parasitic infections varied between villages. The village with the highest prevalence of Ascaris (70%) appeared to have the greatest demands made on its meager drinking-water supply. This village is located in a dry, windy and dusty region and it is speculated that, in addition to well-established transmission mechanisms, the villagers may be exposed, perhaps through contamination of uncovered drinking-water wells and inhalation, to wind-borne Ascaris eggs. In 1967, a WHO Expert Committee Report on the Control of Ascariasis pointed out that information on the frequency of dust-borne infection with Ascaris in man was inadequate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Human gastro-intestinal parasites in Bendel State, Nigeria.

Faecal samples from 862 male and female donors of nine age groups (1-90 years) in three geographical zones were screened by the examination of concentrates from formal other concentration technique. The overall percentage incidence of six parasites which were encountered were as follows: Entamoeba coli (19.7%), E. histolytica (3.9%), Giradia lamblia (1.4%), hookworm (29.4%), Ascaris lumbricoides (38.2%) and Trichuris trichiura (7.3%). However, the percentage incidence of parasites in the delta mangrove zone subject to heavy flooding and excess run-offs during the rainy season, were as follows: E. coli (44.7%), E. histolytica (0%), G. lamblia (37.5%), hookworm (44.9%), A. lumbricoides (51.0%) and T. trichiura (77.6%). Except for E. histolytica and G. lamblia, the percentage incidence in the delta zone were comparatively higher than values observed in the better drained middle rainforest and savanna zones. The age groups in the first two decades of life had 61.7% infection and this stabilised to a low level of 2.8% in the eighth and ninth decades. Males and higher protozoan and helminthic infections than females.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Intestinal parasites infection of horses from riding clubs in Kraków area].

The studies were carried out in 2001 and 2002 on horses from riding clubs in Krakow area. On the basis of McMaster method EPG (eggs per gram) and prevalence of infection (%) was evaluated. The most common parasites were strongyles (Strongylidae). In the first year of study in dynamics of strongyles eggs output of horses kept on paddocks two peaks were observed: in May (450 EPG) and January (427 EPG), in comparison with horses under pasture system where the highest level of strongyles eggs output were in May (832 EPG), from August (420 EPG) to October (385 EPG) and in March (482 EPG). In the second year of study seasonal mean prevalence (from April to October) as well as EPG were higher in horses under pasture system (73.9% and 781 EPG) than in horses on paddocks with grass (42.1% and 251 EPG) and horses on paddocks without grass (19.2% and 157 EPG).

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Investigation of Cryptosporidium in relation to other intestinal parasites at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos.

Cryptosporidium spp is a coccidian protozoan which has recently been reported as a possible important aetiological agent of diarrhoea, especially in immunocompromised hosts such as patients with acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS). In the present report, 890 stool specimens of patients including diarrhoea cases submitted for parasitologic laboratory investigation at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital from January to December 1986 were specifically screened for Cryptosporidium oocysts. There was no confirmed case of crystosporidioisis in-the 12-month study period. The reported efficient techniques for laboratory detections of Cryptosporidium were described and the literature on Cryptosporidiosis reviewed. It is hoped that the present report would create greater awareness amongst laboratory workers and clinicians in various communities and geographic locations to enable them to carry out more studies in human diseases in West Africa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Intestinal parasitic infections among schoolchildren in Chiang Mai, northern Thailand: an analysis of the present situation.

Stool examination from primary schoolchildren in Chiang Mai Province, north Thailand, was performed to determine the present state of parasitic infections in this area. Out of a total of 491 children, 239 proved positive (48.7%). The most common type of parasite was found to be soil-transmitted helminths such as hookworm (26.3%) or Strongyloides stercoralis (11.2%), while Ascaris lumbricoides was not so prevalent (1.2% being positive in one school out of three). These results are in contrast to earlier reports showing higher prevalence rates, leading the authors to hypothesize that improvements in sanitary conditions and eradication projects have been effective. Opisthorchiasis is another parasitic disease with a relatively high prevalence rate of 7.5%. This disease rate increases with age and it was found in two out of three schools (8.3-15.8%) and was the most common type of helminth infection. Ascariasis was not seen in these two schools, but strongyloidiasis was found to be the second most prevalent helminthiasis, having a higher infection rate than hookworm. Therefore, eradication efforts now need to be directed toward eliminating opisthorchiasis and strongyloidiasis in addition to continuing to eradicate ascariasis and hookworm infections. The most common protozoal infection with a high pathogenicity in this region was found to be giardiasis (7.7%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

A study of factors influencing intestinal parasites in dogs.

Coprological examinations were made on 686 owned dogs (23% of the total number of the registered dogs) in a semiurban area of the province of Bologna including the small towns of S. Agata, S. Giovanni in Persiceto, Sala Bolognese and Crevalcore. The results of the coprological tests were evaluated in association with the data obtained from the owners about the origin and the use or function of the animals, veterinary assistance, diet, cohabitation with other dogs, and the presence of gastrointestinal conditions. Prevalence rates were 7.0% for ascarids, 3.6% for tapeworms, 7.1% for coccidia, 2.8% for hookworms, 28.6% for whipworms. On the whole, the animals positive for gastrointestinal parasites were 37.5% of those examined. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the presence of gastrointestinal parasites in general was influenced by the use of the animals, veterinary assistance, age, anthelminthic treatments and cohabitation with other dogs. The presence of ascarids appeared to be influenced by age and veterinary assistance; that of cestodes by veterinary assistance; that of coccidia by cohabitation with other dogs; that of whipworms by function, treatments, veterinary assistance and age. None of the variables considered in the analysis could explain the presence of hookworms. Factor analysis grouped the variables considered into 5 factors: the first was associated with veterinary assistance; the second with the animal's function and the presence of whipworms, hookworms and tapeworms; the third with cohabitation, origin and presence of coccidia; the fourth with the presence of fresh meat (cooked, raw or frozen) in the diet, age and positivity for ascarids; the fifth with sex and the presence of gastroenteric conditions.

Animals↗