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PubMedDate not supplied

[Neonatal Semax and saline injections induce open-field behavior changes in mice of different genotypes].

DBA/2, CBA mice, and their F1 hybrids (first series) and 101/HY and C3H mice (second series) were injected as neonates (2-7 days of life) with Semax (sc., 7 microg per animal). Semax is a peptide analogue of ACHT4-10 fragment which is resistant to degradation. The common feature of remote effects of both Semax and saline injections was the set of changes in the open-field behavior in adult (2.5- to 3-month-old) animals as compared to intact mice. Unexpectedly, the neonatal saline injections induced many changes in adult behavior, part of these effects being genotype-dependent. The most conspicuous shifts (genotype-dependent increase or decline) in freezing, grooming and rearing scores were displayed by DBA/2 and C3H mice, whereas the hole-poke frequencies were significantly changed in CBA and C3H mice. Squares crossed in the center of arena and rearing number were significantly increased in saline group of DBA/2 mice, whereas in Semax-injected DBA/2 group they were approximately equal to the level of intact mice. This means that the remote effects of noxious stimulation (injections of saline) were in some ways "compensated" as the result of concomitant peptide effect. At the same time, the numbers of freezing and grooming episodes were also increased in these groups. Because exploratory behavior and manifestations of anxiety increased or decreased simultaneously, it proves to be difficult to ascribe these changes to behavioral modulation along the "novelty seeking--anxiety" axis. In mice of other genotypes, changes in the same indices of the open-field behavior were revealed, but these changes were different in their direction. It was suggested that the complex patterns of postnatal behavior was the result of neonatal injections modulating subsequent brain development.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Integrative model of the ontogeny and destruction of human behavior].

In a review of the data in the literature completed with authors own researches (concerned with twins, chromosome abnormalities, incestuous descent, socially assisted children etc.) an integrative model regarding the ontogenesis and destruction of human behaviour is presented. According to this model, behaviour appears as a hierarchical and integrated system expressing the process of its development from automatic and reactive to noologic and reflexive. The integrative, systemic concept promotes, theoretically and methodologically, the understanding and competent investigation of human behaviour in its two fundamental states, integrated and destructive.

Behavior↗