Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Finasteride”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,351 records · Page 75Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Identification of baseline clinical factors which predict medical treatment failure of benign prostatic hyperplasia: an observational cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the clinical baseline factors that affect the long-term treatment failure of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: 437 men over 50 years of age with BPH were enrolled for this analysis. Patients were allocated to a medication and a surgical treatment (following medication) group. We initially examined the International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS), uroflow rate, prostate volume, postvoid residual volume, and the serum prostate specific antigen level as clinical baseline factors and analyzed differences between the two groups. RESULTS: 337 patients (77.1%) were given maintenance medical treatment during follow-up, and 100 patients (22.9%) had surgical treatment following medication. Statistically significant differences were found in IPSS and prostate volume between the surgical and medication groups (IPSS: 22.6+/-6.4 vs. 18.7+/-5.8, prostate volume (cm(3)): 36.3+/-14.4 vs. 30.1+/-11.0, respectively). According to the ROC curve-based prediction of the failure for medical therapy, the best cutoff values of IPSS and prostate volume were 21 (area under ROC curve: 0.67) and 32cm(3) (area under ROC curve: 0.65), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that BPH patients with more severe IPSS and larger prostate volume have a higher risk of medical treatment failure, and suggest that the IPSS and prostate volume may be useful predictors of medical treatment maintenance.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1997

Determination of turosteride, a new inhibitor of 5 alpha-reductase, in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection.

A sensitive and specific HPLC method for the determination of turosteride in human plasma was developed and validated. Turosteride was extracted from plasma with diethyl ether. Further purifications of the fraction extracted were performed sequentially by solid-phase extraction using a CN cartridge and by liquid-liquid partition between n-hexane and acetonitrile. Finally the acetonitrile solution containing the test compound was evaporated to dryness and the residue dissolved in the mobile phase, then injected onto the HPLC system. The chromatographic separation was performed isocratically by a reversed-phase column filled with ODS using a water-acetonitrile-methanol mixture. The eluate was monitored at 210 nm. No peak interfering with that of turosteride was observed when blank human plasma was assayed. Linearity was obtained in the turosteride concentration range of 5-1000 ng/ml plasma. Six calibration curves in plasma prepared and run on six different days showed correlation coefficients higher than 0.99 and good reproducibility of the slope (C.V. = 4.3%). The intra-day precision, evaluated at three concentrations (in the low, mid and high range of the standard curve) and expressed as C.V., ranged from 0.81 to 13.25%. The inter-day precision evaluated at the same concentrations was better than 10.7%. The inter-day accuracy evaluated in the same samples and expressed as the ratio of found/added amount of turosteride ranged from 97.66 to 98.38%. The limit of quantitation was 5 ng/ml plasma. The HPLC method described was successfully employed for the determination of turosteride in plasma samples obtained during a phase I clinical trial with the test compound.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed2002

Caution on the use of saliva measurements to monitor absorption of progesterone from transdermal creams in postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the levels of progesterone in plasma, red cells and saliva as well as pregnanediol-3-glucuronide excretion in postmenopausal women using transdermal progesterone creams. METHODS: A double-blind placebo controlled study was carried out using 24 postmenopausal women. Creams (placebo, 20 or 40 mg progesterone/g) were applied twice daily for 3 weeks followed by 1 week without before a further 3-week treatment. Morning samples were collected at 0, 1, 3, 4, 7 and 8 weeks for analysis. RESULTS: There were small increases in plasma progesterone levels and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide excretion compared to the placebo group and red cell progesterone levels never exceeded plasma levels during progesterone cream use. Saliva progesterone levels were very high and variable in the progesterone cream groups compared to the placebo group and presented a paradox to the usual relationship observed between plasma and saliva progesterone in premenopausal women. CONCLUSION: The absorption of progesterone from transdermal creams is low and we caution against the use of saliva measurements to monitor progesterone absorption. The low systemic absorption of progesterone may not be due to peripheral conversion by 5 alpha-reductase(s). We also conclude that the low level of progesterone associated with red cells suggests they are not important in the delivery of progesterone to target tissues.

Absorption↗
PubMed1998

Hair regrowth. Therapeutic agents.

Today there are new classes of hair growth promotors with proven efficacy. This article reviews the current state of the art agents for treatment of two of the most common forms of hair loss encountered in clinical practice, androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata. Current therapeutic strategies are based on recent advances in the understanding of disordered hair growth. Practical treatment protocols are presented.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1999

Antiandrogen treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Although hirsutism and androgenetic alopecia are cosmetic problems, they can be psychologically devastating for women. Mechanical hair removal may control the cosmetic appearance of hirsutism, but the underlying problem usually continues to progress. Topical therapies for androgenetic alopecia provide for modest improvement at best, and no topical therapy has been shown to be effective for hirsutism. Antiandrogens, combined with ovarian suppression, offer the best hope for the improvement of hirsutism and androgenetic alopecia in women with PCOS. Improvement will occur in most women. Unless the underlying cause of the PCOS is corrected, medical therapy will need to be continued indefinitely.

Alopecia↗
PubMed2001

Prevention of prostate cancer.

Strategies for reducing the occurrence of prostate cancers will be critical in limiting the morbidity and mortality of this disease. The long latency period of prostate tumors and improved understanding of prostate carcinogenesis suggest opportunities for effective preventive measures. Because androgen is integral to prostatic carcinogenesis, several preventive strategies under investigation target the androgen axis. Epidemiologic and basic studies implicate dietary factors in prostate cancer development and suggest that altering diet may influence prostate cancer risk and progression. Many of the micronutrients with preventive potential have antioxidant properties; cellular defenses against oxidative stresses are likely to be crucial in reducing prostate carcinogenesis. This article summarizes the current status and opportunities in prostate cancer prevention.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed2001

Evaluating adverse cardiovascular effects of drug treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): methodological considerations.

When studying the effects of drug exposure in diseases with a long asymptomatic clinical course, exposure classification may be biased by the gradually developing "visibility" of the disease. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is such a disease. We found that cardiovascular morbidity is two times more prevalent in patients starting drug treatment for BPH when compared to age-matched population controls. This resulted in a difference of cardiovascular prognostic factors between the exposed and non-exposed. This feature can jeopardize the validity of non-randomized comparisons of drug effects. Moreover, the existence of non-treatment strategies, disease under-reporting, and an elderly population with a high baseline risk of experiencing (cardiovascular) outcome events were encountered as methodological problems. When studying adverse cardiovascular effects in patients using BPH products in a non-randomized fashion, an important question is whether we can measure in the database all relevant prognostic factors and use the information for statistical adjustment. This question is an important challenge to observational research and once again stresses the need for control of possible biases in choosing an appropriate study design.

5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors↗
PubMed2002

Hypothalamic 5 alpha-reductase and 3 alpha-oxidoreductase activity in the male rat.

The aim of the present study was to assess the progesterone (Pr) transforming 5 alpha-reductase (5 alpha-R) and 3 alpha-oxidoreductase (3 alpha-OR) activities in the hypothalamus of the male rat as a function of age and following castration and/or adrenalectomy performed at the sixth day of life. The hypothalamic activity of these enzymes was estimated from the sum of the 5 alpha- or 3 alpha-reduced metabolites produced from 14C-labeled Pr incubated "in vitro" with hypothalamic tissue. Plasma levels of testosterone (T), progesterone (Pr), estrone (E1), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured simultaneously. Special attention was paid to the GC/MS analysis of the endogenous content of the hypothalamic Pr-metabolites 3 alpha-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-20-one (3 alpha-Pr), 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione (5 alpha-Pr) and 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one (5 alpha,3 alpha-Pr). The high 5 alpha-R and 3 alpha-OR activities estimated in the hypothalamus of prepubertal rats are not related to the action of gonadal or adrenal steroids. Substantial and comparable endogenous 3 alpha- and/or 5 alpha-Pr-metabolites were found in hypothalami from both prepubertal and mature rats. The results of the present study do not provide evidence for a contributory role of the 3 alpha-hydroxylated Pr derivative to the regulation of gonadotropin secretion in the male rat.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1997

The effects of progesterone, 4,16-androstadien-3-one and MK-434 on the kinetics of pig testis microsomal testosterone-4-ene-5alpha-reductase activity.

The enzyme 3-oxo-steroid: NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase (EC 1.3.1.22; 5alpha-reductase) was assayed in testicular microsomes of pigs of 3, 20 and 24 weeks of age. The activity was very low in 3-week-old animals and approximately 10-fold higher in 5- and 6-month-old pigs. The pH optimum was 6.3 in 6-month-old animals, 5.7 in 5-month-old animals, but could not be reliably determined in 3-week-old animals. The kinetic parameters for 5alpha-reductase in testis microsomes from 6-month-old animals were; K((m)(app)), 8.0 micromol/l, V((max)(app)), 6.7 nmoles/90 min/mg protein. Progesterone was a competitive inhibitor of testosterone 5alpha-reduction with an apparent K((i)(app)) of 0.86 micromol/l. However, 4,16-androstadien-3-one (dienone), which undergoes 5alpha-reduction in the biosynthesis of the pheromonally active 16-androstenes, was a comparatively poor inhibitor with a K((i)(app)) of 4.9 micromol/l. Similarly, MK434, which is a selective inhibitor of the human type 2 5alpha-reductase, but which inhibits both types 1 and 2 in the rat, was also a poor competitive inhibitor of testosterone 5alpha-reductase in the pig testis (K((i)(app)), 3.1 micromol/l). It would appear from these studies that the pig testis microsomal 5alpha-reductase corresponds to a type 1 isozyme that is not capable of reducing dienone other than under conditions where the dienone concentration would be in considerable excess of testosterone. It is, therefore, probable that substrate-specific 5alpha-reductases exist in the pig testis for the 5alpha-reduction of testosterone and dienone.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1998

Design and synthesis of N-alkylated saccharins as selective alpha-1a adrenergic receptor antagonists.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia can be managed pharmacologically with alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists. Agents that demonstrate selectivity for the alpha-1a receptor subtype may offer advantages in clinical applications with respect to hypotensive side effects. The N-alkylated saccharins reported here represent a new class of subtype selective alpha-1a adrenergic receptor antagonists which demonstrate potent effects on prostate function in vivo and are devoid of blood pressure side effects.

Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists↗
PubMed1998

Mechanism based representation of the active site of 5 alpha-reductase (5AR).

In the present study, we have attempted to determine a detailed representation of the 5 alpha-Reductase (5AR) active site involving the elucidation of the transition state for the steroid delta 4 reduction reaction (the 'NADPH-substrate' complex), onto which steroidal and non-steroidal inhibitors were superimposed. We conclude that: (i) there is a requirement for groups to mimic the steroid substrate A-ring; (ii) the area about C(3), C(4), C(5) and C(6) of T appears to be sterically hindered, and; (iii) the area of the active site about the C(17) of the steroid substrate does not possess hydrogen bonding groups and is not restricted.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

SELECT: the selenium and vitamin E cancer prevention trial.

PURPOSE: Growing evidence suggests that both selenium and vitamin E may reduce the risk of prostate cancer. SELECT is a randomized, prospective, double-blind study designed to determine if selenium and vitamin E can reduce the risk of prostate cancer among healthy men. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The preclinical and epidemiologic evidence regarding chemoprevention with selenium and vitamin E were reviewed. Secondary analyses from randomized trials of both agents were included in the analysis. Data from these analyses as well as evidence from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial were used to develop the schema of SELECT. RESULTS: Preclinical, epidemiologic, and Phase III data suggest that both selenium and vitamin E have potential efficacy in prostate cancer prevention. The experience of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial and the rapid accrual of SELECT during its first year demonstrate the interest and dedication of healthy men to long-term studies of cancer prevention. A total of 32,400 men are planned to be randomized in SELECT. CONCLUSIONS: SELECT is the second large-scale study of chemoprevention for prostate cancer. Enrollment began in 2001 with final results anticipated in 2013.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2005

Mechanisms of disease: Prostate cancer--a model for cancer chemoprevention in clinical practice.

Prostate cancer is a significant cause of cancer death, making it an attractive target for chemoprevention. Epidemiologic studies and the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial indicate that chemoprevention is possible. Strategies for prevention include hormonal manipulation and limiting accumulation of genetic damage with anti-inflammatory agents and/or dietary antioxidants. Development of an effective chemoprevention strategy for prostate cancer is evolving and will likely serve as a model for chemoprevention of other adult malignancies.

Androgens↗