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PubMedDate not supplied

[137Cs distribution and accumulation in the tissues of cultivated fungi (Pleurotus ostreatus)].

The authors examined 137Cs accumulation and distribution in different structures and tissues of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated under laboratory conditions. The fungi were shown to concentrate 137Cs. A higher concentrations of the radionuclides in the fungi compared to their substrate is manifested at the first stages of the fruit body formation, the maximum content of 137Cs is accumulated by fungi in the middle of bearing stage. The fungus tissues are different by their accumulative capacity as follows (ascending range): central, more dense part of the stipe < stipe < mycelium < cap < generative tissues. 137Cs accumulation in the fruit bodies depends also on the fungus size and age.

Cesium Radioisotopes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The optimization of the soil acidity of agrocenosis contaminated 137Cs and 90Sr: threshold parameters].

During the field researches were determined the differences between agrochemical optimum of the acidity of the Sod-podzol loamy sand soil, which provides high productivity of the crops and the pH-value, which provides the minimal accumulation of 137Cs and of 90Sr by the biomass (the ecological optimum). On the average for the majority of the agricultural plants the minimal accumulations of 137Cs and of 90Sr are noticed under pHKCl 6.7, which is higher than agrochemical optimum on 0.7. The efficiency of liming under the discrimination of 137Cs and of 90Sr is much higher in soils with low values of pH. On the average, in crop rotation due to decreasing of the acidity in the soil from 4.9 to 5.9 pHKCl, the crop yield has grown on 9%, 137Cs contents has decreased on 16.7%, 90Sr--on 23.7%. The further decreasing of the soil acidity (from 5.9 to 6.8 pHKCl) was poorly effective: the productivity didn't change essentially. The transfer of 137Cs decreased on 8.9% and of 90Sr on 8.4%.

Cesium Radioisotopes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prediction of 137Cs accumulation in animal products in the territory of Semipalatinsk test site].

The paper describes mathematical models for 137Cs behavior in the organism of horses and sheep pasturing on the bording area to the testing area "Ground Zero" of the Semipalatinsk Test Site. The models are parameterized on the base of the data from an experiment with the breeds of animals now commonly encountered within the Semipalatinsk Test Site. The predictive calculations with the models devised have shown that 137Cs concentrations in milk of horses and sheep pasturingon the testing area to "Ground Zero" can exceed the adopted standards during a long period of time.

Agriculture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[137Cs distribution and accumulation in organs and tissues of sheep in the event of chronic consumption of contaminated fodder in the area of the Chernobyl NPP accident].

The regularities of 137Cs distribution and accumulation in organs and tissues of sheep on a farm located in the Chernobyl accidental zone were experimentally estimated. The distribution pattern of 137Cs concentration in organs and tissues is found to depend on the duration of the radionuclide uptake with the ration. During the first 24 h the highest 137Cs concentration is reported in the parenchymal organs; starting from day 30 muscular tissue and kidneys rank first, whereas in the other organs and tissues 137Cs concentration is 1.5-2 times lower. By 137Cs content and accumulation rate the study organs are arranged in a declining order as follows: muscles > > skin > liver > kidneys > heart > spleen. The mathematical models were devised describing the dynamics of increasing with time in 137Cs concentration in muscles, liver and skin. The methodology is suggested for the prediction of levels of 137Cs contamination of the muscular tissue of sheep. The time periods were regulated for sheep feeding with 137Cs contaminated fodder that ensure the production of mutton the radionuclide concentration in which meets the sanitary-hygienic standards.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The transfer of 90Sr and of 137Cs radionuclides in the chain of soil-fodder-animal products in the area contaminated as a consequence of the Chernobyl AES accident].

The database on 137Cs and or 90Sr transfer factors in the soil-fodder-animal products chain compiled in the framework of the project "Radioecological Consequences of the Chernobyl Accident" under the French-German Initiative was analyzed. The 137Cs transfer factors were determined into 10 fodder types for farm animals. The 137Cs and 90Sr transfer from daily diet to milk is practically independent from milk yield and season and is about 0.83% and 0.16%. 137Cs transfer factor into beef (adult animals) is about to 2.4% from the daily uptake with fodder per 1 kg meat.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effects of the agricultural countermeasures on the irradiation of the population in the areas affected by the Chernobyl nuclear accident].

Radiological results were evaluated from the introduction of protective agricultural measures in the collective sector of the agroindustrial complex in the Chernobyl affected areas for the period of 1987-2005. The averted collective doses due to the reduction of 137Cs concentration in farm products were estimated, including the contribution to the averted collective dose of different food stuffs consumption.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2006

[Current radioecological situation in the Gomel region].

The results of radiometric surveys, food examination executed by laboratories of Gomel sanitary expertise show severe radioecological consequences of the Chernobyl disaster for Belarus on the whole for the Gomel region in particular. Due to considerable destructive ecological, medical, social and economic effects the consequences of this radiation disaster cannot be regarded only from radiation safety point of view. That is why Chernobyl consequences for Belarus should be characterized not as an "accident", but as a "catastrophe" of a "national ecological disaster". It points out that problems connected with this catastrophe demand intent attention both by scientific and international organizations.

Chernobyl Nuclear Accident↗
PubMed1991

[Dependence of transfer factors for cesium on the contamination level of feed].

The transfer factor-values feedstuff/meat so as the value of biological half life time for caesium are not constant but are depending on external and internal conditions. The most important external condition is the level of feedstuff contamination which reduces proportional the transfer factor's value of 0.5 +/- 0.1 asymptotically to 0.3 +/- 0.1. These values are then decreasing till to two thirds by the increasing part of uncontaminated feedstuff in the daily diet. The internal conditions, namely type of gastrointestinal tract, metabolic individuality and actual animal health, may cause a variability of transfer factor's values up to +/- 35% of the mean resulting from external conditions. The value of biological half life time of caesium may be considered as a constant for each respective tissue or organ in balanced conditions, but the changes of external conditions, especially the beginning of uncontaminated feeding, results in immediate gradually shortening of this half life time till to 50-30% of its original value.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1991

[Further improvement in the administration of pectin as a preventive agent against absorption of radionuclides by human body].

The radioprotective properties of pectin-vitamin powder (PVP) were investigated. PVP was prepared from dry citrus (lemon, orange) peels by special technology. Besides unavailable carbohydrates, it contains pectin (more than 15%), vitamins B, C, P, PP, mineral components. PVP effectively protected from incorporation of radionuclides contained in food products. The blocking effect of PVP was found essentially higher than that of sodium alginate or dry pectins. The optimal daily dose was experimentally defined.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1990

[The kinetic patterns of the change in the radionuclide concentration in the composition of Georgian tea].

The paper is concerned with the results of a study of behavior of artificial radionuclides in Georgian tea technological products after the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Station. A partial contribution of the activity of radionuclides 141Ce, 140La, 103Ru, 106Ru, 140Ba, 137Cs, 95Zr, 95Nb, 134Cs and 90Sr to the total activity to Georgian tea samples. Maximum tolerated concentrations of radionuclides were assessed provided average annual tea consumption per capita was 1 kg. The maximum of solubility in the water phase falls on Cs radionuclides. The regularities of migration of half-lived radionuclides 3 yrs. After the Chernobyl accident were established.

Accidents↗
PubMed1990

[Radiation-hygienic evaluation of vegetables and potatoes grown after soil irrigation with water containing artificial radionuclides].

Radiation and hygienic appraisal of vegetables cultivated under various kinds of irrigation is presented. Critical radionuclides are determined along with major vegetable products owing to which the great amount of radionuclides is absorbed. Contribution of vegetables and potato cultivated under irrigation into the total body intake of radionuclides by local residents has been evaluated.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1975

Ecological observation of the 137Cs-contamination in beef of animals from the southern-Bavarian area.

Certain climatic and edaphic conformations in the Bavarian sub-alpine mountains and in the Alps favor above all the development of a land utilization system and farm structures similar to those in the northern part of Scandinavia. In 1963/64, the years of the highest environmental contamination up to the present, we established in 600 beef samples from the round or shoulder of male and female cattle (mainly Highland cattle) close connections between the 137Cs-contamination of green crop and the long lastnig yearly precipitation quantities, as well as certain relations between the 137Cs-contamination of meat and differences in the feeding and keeping of the animals. During summer-seasons (April-October), beef of cattle from pastures with heavy rainfall (Alps) was contaiminated by 137Cs up to 15 times more than that of confined animals. Hereby the rate of 137Cs-contamination in the meat of grazing cattle was nearly proportional to the quantities of precipitation. When confined cattle were fed on pastures in autumn after harvesting for 2 to 3 weeks, a quick increase of 137Cs-contamination of the meat was caused within this time up to values which in this district were otherwise only observed in grazing cattle. The lower 137Cs-content in meat of cattle housed during the summer season is due to the more varied fodder, which is at that time less contaminated than green crop. During the winter season (November to March), the highest contaminations in the meat of confined (Bohemian Forest) or grazing cattle (Alps) was measured when the animals in these districts were almost exclusively fed with fodder from the own farmground or with leafy silage. The highest contamination was almost regularly noticed in January, February and March, as generally during these months the highly contaminated first cut hay is fed. Here the meat was often even more contaminated than that of grazing cattle. After the quick decrease of 137Cs in fallout noticed in the years 1964 and 1965, in 1965/66 a dependance in the 137Cs-contamination of beef on the methods of keeping and feeding could still be observed in only the extreme cases (Alps, Bavarian- and Bohemian Forest); though in general, meat of animals from districts with heavy rainfall was slightly more contaminated than meat of animals from regions with less precipitation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Cesium transfer in short food chains].

An investigation of 25,000 samples of foodstuffs and feedstuffs in Czechoslovakia, contaminated by fall-out cesium after the accident in the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, performed from May 5, 1986 to March 31, 1988, revealed that both the values of cesium transfer-factors in food--animal tissues--milk transitions and the values of biological half-life of cesium are functions of internal and external conditions of contamination. Organism individuality as the main internal condition causes the variance of about +/- 50% of the mean value of the respective transfer-factor. Through the external conditions, mainly the environmental contamination level, type of ingested food and time of ingestion, the mean values of transfer-factors are influenced up to 500%, e.g. to the value of 0.5. But this value converges with growing up contamination of food and environment to the limit of 0.3. The first two to three biological half-lives after the last ingestion of contaminated food are up to ten-times shorter than those at stabilized state.

Accidents↗
PubMed1990

[Monitoring the tritium content in waste waters and objects in the surroundings of Soviet nuclear power plants].

As illustrated by experimental data on Rovenskaya atomic power plant (APP) the sources of tritium release into environment have been assessed. The studies show that about 70% of tritium vaporize through cooling towers and the remaining quantity is discharged into the Styr river. In the nearest future it becomes necessary to study tritium discharge from APP equipped with reactors of various types in more detail and analyze its migration path in food chains. Thus it will be possible to specify the contribution of this nuclide into the dose load on the population living near APP. It is demonstrated that under existing levels of tritium content in environment objects (up to 5 Bq/l) it can be quite accurately measured by means of modern sensitive scintillators without preliminary separation.

Food Contamination, Radioactive↗