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PubMed1990

GFAP RNA increases during a wasting state in old mice.

A prolonged wasting condition is often associated with morbidity in older humans. The effects that such a state has on the quality/quantity of RNA are not known. In initial attempts to develop an animal model for premortem wasting, we examined whole brain RNA from mice slowly approaching death from natural causes. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) RNA showed a three-fold increase as detected by RNA gel-blot hybridization analysis. Five other RNA sequences were stable under these circumstances. We conclude that brain RNA changes are selective during a degenerating premortem state. Moreover, RNA sequence changes in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease should be considered in the context of the wasting condition of the individual and may not be due to a direct effect of the disease process.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

HIV and nutrition.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Sudden death of calves by experimental infection with Strongyloides papillosus. I. Parasitological observations.

Recently, an unknown disease, 'sudden death', in calves has been found in Japanese beef production farms. A previous study conducted by Taira and Ura indicated that sudden death can be effected in calves by hyperinfection of Strongyloides papillosus (SPL) and that the disease is possibly caused by SPL infection. In the present work, an experimental infection of SPL in calves was conducted to confirm the field occurrence. Fifteen Holstein Friesian calves, ranging from 45.5 to 85.6 kg in body weight, were divided into six groups. Calves of Groups A, B, C, D, E and F were infected once at the rate of 100,000, 320,000, 1,000,000, 3,200,000, 10,000,000 and 32,000,000 SPL larvae per 100 kg of body weight, respectively. Five calves were assigned to Group B, while two calves were assigned to the other groups. After showing no premonitory signs, sudden death of ten calves took place. The survival time of these calves was 27.4 and 16.8 days (Group B), 14.8 and 14.8 days (Group C), 13.3 and 14.2 days (Group D), 11.0 and 11.1 days (Group E) and 11.6 and 10.8 days (Group F). Three calves of Group B did not exhibit sudden death. The results of this study demonstrate that strongyloidiasis was the cause of sudden death.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Cerebral salt wasting in subarachnoid hemorrhage rats: model, mechanism, and tool.

Cerebral salt wasting (CSW) frequently occurs concomitantly with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). CSW induces excessive natriuresis and osmotic diuresis, and reduces total blood volume. As a result, the risk of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm may be elevated. Therefore, it is important to determine the mechanism of CSW. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the rat SAH model exhibits CSW and to investigate the relationship between CSW and natriuretic peptides. A SAH model was produced in 24 rats by perforating a cerebral artery with a nylon thread up through the common carotid artery. To evaluate CSW, urine was cumulatively collected from SAH onset to 12 hours and sodium (Na) excretion was analyzed. Body weight and hematocrit were analyzed before and after SAH onset. Concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in plasma were also analyzed. Urine volume and total Na excretion of SAH rats were significantly higher than those of sham rats (p<0.05). Body weight of SAH rats significantly decreased and hematocrit significantly increased (p < 0.05). ANP concentration was significantly decreased in SAH rats (p<0.05). However, BNP concentrations did not change. This study demonstrated for the first time that a rat SAH model exhibited CSW. It was suggested that the cause of CSW was neither ANP nor BNP. In addition, this rat SAH model will be useful for study of CSW after SAH.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Nutritional status and severity of diarrhoea among pre-school children in rural Nigeria.

The influence of pre-existing malnutrition on the severity of diarrhoea was investigated by assessing attack-rate and duration of diarrhoea in children aged between 6 months and 32 months at the beginning of the rainy season in Malumfashi village area, northern Nigeria. There were 1.4 attacks of diarrhoea per child during the 3 month rainy season and children spent 10.5% of the time with diarrhoea. The frequency of diarrhoea was not increased in underweight (less than 75% weight/age) or stunted (less than 90% height/age) children, but those who were wasted (less than 80% weight/height) experienced 47% more episodes of diarrhoea than those who were not wasted. However, pre-existing malnutrition affected the duration of diarrhoea, which was 33% longer in underweight children, 37% longer in stunted children, and 79% longer in wasted children.

Body Height↗
PubMed2002

Non-lethal infection parameters in mice separate sheep Type II Toxoplasma gondii isolates by virulence.

The zoonotic protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii can infect all warm-blooded animals, but virulence of isolates has previously been characterised mainly by the ability to kill mice after experimental infections. In the present study, 15 Type II strains of T. gondii, isolated from five adult sheep, six sheep abortions, two pigs, one cat and one fox were examined for their virulence to young mice by less dramatic parameters. Clinical disease of inoculated mice, directly evidenced by reduced weight gain, was correlated to increase in serum level of haptoglobin and level of specific antibodies. Although Type II T. gondii strains are non-virulent to mice by lethality studies, significant differences in mouse virulence were observed between the strains of T. gondii isolated either from adult sheep or from sheep abortions. It was not possible to characterise strains isolated from sheep abortions as being more or less virulent than strains isolated from adult slaughter sheep.

Aborted Fetus↗
PubMed1983

Unexplained weight loss in sheep and goats. A guide to differential diagnosis, therapy, and management.

A review of the likely causes of unexplained weight loss in sheep and goats has been presented, with particular emphasis on diagnosis. Through the use of careful clinical examination and knowledge of the likely causes of progressive weight loss, a definitive diagnosis can often be made, although this is not always possible, even with rigorous investigation (Fig. 1). In most cases, establishing a definitive diagnosis will allow the practitioner to institute appropriate therapeutic measures, correct deficient management procedures, or institute suitable prevention and control programs to reduce ongoing or future losses to the client.

Animals↗