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PubMed2002

Expression of Golgi membrane protein p138 is cell cycle-independent and dissociated from centrosome duplication.

In order to elucidate the mechanism controlling the biogenesis of the Golgi complex, we have studied whether the expression of a resident membrane protein p138 of the Golgi complex is dependent upon the cell cycle. The protein level of p138 in human KB cells was increased during thymidine block to synchronize the cells in the early-S phase, but changed little from S to G2 after release from the block. On the other hand, the mRNA level of the p138 gene was constant during the block. The change in mRNA level in the cells was small with a low peak at S to G2. Both p138 protein and mRNA levels decreased after cell division and then rose rapidly to the same level as those of log-phase cells in the next G1 to S. Thus, translation of p138 protein was upregulated in the cells at the early-S phase. However, we found also that the p138 protein level increased during an arrest at G2/M caused by etoposide. The kinetics of centrosome duplication apparently differ from those of p138 protein production. The duplication occurred mainly at S to G2 after the release from thymidine block, while the ratio of cells containing duplicated centrosomes increased gradually during the block. Taken together, these results show that both the translation and transcription of p138 protein are regulated independent of the cell cycle and dissociated from the duplication of the centrosome. Rather, the expression of p138 protein seems to be coupled with a change in cell size since both thymidine block and etoposide inhibition resulted in an apparent increase in cell size.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed1993

Synthesis of free X duplications carrying a specific region of the centromeric heterochromatin in Drosophila melanogaster.

Free X duplication chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster were synthesized by X-ray irradiating the In(1)scL8Lsc8R chromosome which has a deletion in the distal half of hA and the proximal half of hB of the centromeric heterochromatin. Fifty-nine duplications have been isolated and cytogenetically analyzed. They all carry wild-type allele of the yellow gene, y+, which should come from the distal tip of In(1)scL8Lsc8R. They appear to be telocentric and predominantly heterochromatic. Majority of the duplications, especially in the classes MEDIUM and LARGE, can pair with XYL.YS in the male meiosis, indicating that they carry male meiotic pairing site(s) that is known to be located exclusively in the X heterochromatin. Complementation test in the males, Df(1)svr, v/Dp, y+, demonstrates that most of the duplications in the classes MEDIUM and LARGE carry euchromatin enough to cover the deletion. The portion of the euchromatin should be of the very proximal region close to the irradiated X chromosome centromere.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Five cases of cranial duplication in calf.

Five cases of cranial duplications in calves were morphologically reported. Each calf had a single body with duplicated heads that showed various degrees of fusion. The medial sides of individual heads were asymmetrically supplied by the branches of hemilateral common carotid or lingual artery. No marked differences in the development of the duplicated head in any of the calves were observed. Cleft palates were observed in all heads. The development and general structures of the organs in the head and neck regions appeared to depend on the degree of duplication of the cranial nerves.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Iron-deficiency anaemia caused by an enterolith-filled jejunal duplication cyst.

Enterogenous duplication cysts are rare, but recognised, developmental anomalies. Duplications in the midgut are the commonest of these rare anomalies with a high proportion of them being found in the jejunum. Enterolith formation within these duplication cysts is uncommon as is heterotopic mucosa giving rise to peptic ulceration. Mode of presentation depends on whether symptoms due to mass effect or gastrointestinal bleeding predominate. We present a case of iron-deficiency anaemia caused by an enterolith-filled jejunal duplication cyst diagnosed at laparotomy and treated by surgical excision and small bowel resection.

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency↗
PubMed1998

Presentation and surgical management of bronchogenic and esophageal duplication cysts in adults.

OBJECTIVE: Bronchogenic and esophageal duplication cysts are congenital anomalies of the tracheobronchial tree and foregut that are often asymptomatic at initial presentation in adults. Surgery is always recommended, even for patients with asymptomatic disease, because of the possible development of symptoms and complications during the natural course of the disease and because definitive diagnosis can be established only on surgical specimen. METHODS: Twenty-seven patients with bronchogenic and esophageal duplication cysts were treated in our institution over the last 2 decades. Ten patients (37%) were asymptomatic at initial presentation. Chest pain and dysphagia were the most common complaints in symptomatic patients affected by bronchogenic and duplication cysts, respectively. RESULTS: A complete excision of the cyst was performed in 26 cases, whereas one patient with intrapulmonary cyst underwent a right upper pulmonary lobectomy. A posterolateral thoracotomy was performed in 23 patients, and a video-assisted thoracoscopy using a three-port technique was performed in the last 4 patients. No postoperative morbidity was recorded. All patients, except one, were asymptomatic at a median follow-up time of 4 years. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery is the treatment of choice for bronchogenic and esophageal duplication cysts. Video-assisted thoracoscopy should represent the first-line approach in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Prenatal diagnosis of anterior duplication anomaly (dicephalus diauchenos) by ultrasonography.

A 29 year old gravida 3, para 1 was referred in the 32nd pregnancy week for ultrasonography when a twin pregnancy was suspected. We found a fetal duplication with two heads in parallel position, biparietal diameter 81 mm (Fig. 1), a joint thoracic cavity measuring 86 x 92 mm (Fig. 2), reduced amniotic liquid and decreased spontaneous movements. The pelvic radiogram confirmed our suspension of an anterior duplication anomaly and showed only two arms and two legs for both fetuses but brought no additional information. The amniofetography failed. The contrast media ended up in the joint peritoneal cavity of the fetuses (Fig. 3). Delivery was in the 36th week by Cesarean section. The weight of the conjoint twins (Fig. 4) was 3210 grams, length 43 cm, and head circumference of each was 32 cm. Both fetuses showed independent respiratory movements and both briefly cried. Death occurred after 12 hours. Fig. 5 shows remnants of a scapula and Fig. 6 demonstrates a stump like leg remanent. Our prenatal diagnosis of an anterior duplication was confirmed by the autopsy. After a prenatal diagnosis of a duplication anomaly we recommend Cesarean section in term pregnancies. Considerations when deciding on the management of the pregnancy should include survival chances following possible surgical separation. If the diagnosis if made before the 24th week termination of the pregnancy might be considered.

Female↗
PubMed2004

Defects arising from whole-genome duplications in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Comparisons among closely related species have led to the proposal that the duplications found in many extant genomes are the remnants of an ancient polyploidization event, rather than a result of successive duplications of individual chromosomal segments. If this interpretation is correct, it would support Ohno's proposal that polyploidization drives evolution by generating the genetic material necessary for the creation of new genes. Paradoxically, analysis of contemporary polyploids suggests that increased ploidy is an inherently unstable state. To shed light on this apparent contradiction and to determine the effects of nascent duplications of the entire genome, we generated isogenic polyploid strains of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our data show that an increase in ploidy results in a marked decrease in a cell's ability to survive during stationary phase in growth medium. Tetraploid cells die rapidly, whereas isogenic haploids remain viable for weeks. Unlike haploid cells, which arrest growth as unbudded cells, tetraploid cells continue to bud and form mitotic spindles in stationary phase. The stationary-phase death of tetraploids can be prevented by mutations or conditions that result in growth arrest. These data show that whole-genome duplications are accompanied by defects that affect viability and subsequent survival of the new organism.

Evolution, Molecular↗
PubMed1995

Triopia: craniofacial malformation with prosencephalic duplication.

A case of ocular duplication with complex craniofacial and central nervous system anomalies is described. The anomaly is termed triopia because the child's most overt and distinguishing feature was three eyes: the left orbit contained two globes with independent ocular adnexa; the right orbit contained one normal appearing and functioning globe. Computer assisted medical imaging was used to define, in vivo, the intra- and extracranial soft and hard tissue anomalies: the cerebral hemisphere ipsilateral to the ocular duplication was also duplicated. Possible bases for this anomaly include duplication of primordia for the eye and secondary prosencephalon.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2006

Split notochord syndrome: ileal duplication causing intermittent episodes of vomiting.

Split notochord syndrome is a group of developmental abnormalities caused by abnormal splitting or deviation of the notochord, clinically resulting in the duplicated bowel associated with vertebral anomalies. In this syndrome, initial presentations due to duplicated bowel, vomiting, abdominal pain, and failure to thrive, usually occur before 1 year of age. We here report a 12-year-old boy with intermittent vomiting, previously diagnosed with cyclic vomiting syndrome. On abdominal x-ray examination, a defect in the closure of posterior vertebral arches was observed in the 5th lumbar vertebral body, indicating the complication of spina bifida occulta. This finding suggested the diagnosis of split notochord syndrome. A magnetic resonance imaging study revealed a cystic mass lesion in the pelvic cavity. (99m)Tc-pertechnetate scintigraphy, which is frequently used to detect ectopic gastric mucosa for the diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum, showed a positive spot corresponding to the cystic mass lesion. Surgical resection of the cystic mass lesion demonstrated ileal duplication with ectopic gastric mucosa. Surgical findings suggest that symptoms of the patient were due to ulceration, inflammation, or bleeding caused by acid-peptic juice secreted from ectopic gastric mucosa. Duplication of the alimentary tract should be considered as a possible cause in patients with symptoms suggesting cyclic vomiting syndrome.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Sonography of gallbladder duplication and differential considerations.

With the routine use of sonography in the evaluation of suspected gallbladder disease, the familiarity of gallbladder duplication and its differential considerations are essential. Three cases are presented: one surgically proven duplication of the gallbladder, one case in which the sonographic findings were compatible with duplication of the gallbladder, and one surgically proven intraperitoneal fibrous band mimicking a gallbladder duplication. Gallstones were present in all cases and were confined to only one of the two lobes identified in each case. The gallstones did not communicate between individual gallbladder lobes despite multiple patient positions. Contraction of the non-stone-containing lobe was present in one nonfasting patient, which is probably the best indirect sign of a double gallbladder.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Complete duplication of the ureter with ureteropelvic junction obstruction of the lower pole of the kidney: imaging findings.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to identify the radiographic signs that aid in the diagnosis of obstruction of the ureteropelvic junction of the lower pole (or moiety) of the kidney in children with complete duplication of the ureter and to describe the imaging appearance of this unusual cause of lower-pole hydronephrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the medical records and imaging studies of 16 children (11 boys and five girls) with complete ureteral duplication and ureteropelvic junction obstruction of the lower pole of the kidney over a 5-year period. standard criteria for determining urinary tract obstruction were used. RESULTS: Sonograms showed a lower-pole abnormality (hydronephrosis or cystic mass) in all 15 children who underwent sonography. Voiding cystourethrography, performed for all children, showed vesicoureteral reflux into the lower pole in addition to ureteropelvic junction obstruction in eight children (seven boys and one girl). For the other eight, the diagnosis of lower-pole ureteropelvic junction obstruction was made by excretory urography, at times complemented with diuretic renography or retrograde ureterography. CONCLUSION: Ureteropelvic junction obstruction of the lower pole of the kidney in children with complete duplication of the ureter should be a diagnostic consideration when there is dilatation of the lower moiety. Imaging changes parallel those of ureteropelvic junction obstruction in a nonduplicated system. This anomaly, unlike others seen in duplication, appears to be more common in boys than in girls.

Child↗
PubMed2001

Duplicated abducent nerve and its course: microanatomical study and surgery-related considerations.

OBJECT: The anatomy of the abducent nerve is well known; its duplication (ranging from 5 to 28.6%), however, has rarely been reported in the literature. The authors performed a microanatomical study in 100 cadaveric specimens (50 heads) to evaluate the prevalence of this phenomenon and to provide a clear anatomical description of the course and relationships of the nerve. The surgery-related implications of this rare anatomical variant will be highlighted. METHODS: The 50 human cadaveric heads (100 specimens) were embalmed in a 10% formalin solution for 3 weeks. Fifteen of them were injected with colored neoprene latex. A duplicated abducent nerve was found in eight specimens (8%). In two (25%) of these eight specimens the nerve originated at the pontomedullary sulcus as two independent trunks: in one case the superior trunk was thicker than the inferior and in the other it was thinner. In the other six cases (75%) the nerve originated as a single trunk, splitting in two trunks into the cisternal segment: in two of them the trunks ran below the Gruber ligament, whereas in four specimens one trunk ran below and one above it. In all the specimens, the duplicated nerves fused again into the cavernous sinus, just after the posterior genu of the internal carotid artery. CONCLUSIONS: Although the presence of a duplicated abducent nerve is a rare finding, preoperative magnetic resonance imaging should be performed to rule out this possibility, thus tailoring the operation to avoid postoperative deficits.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed2005

Normal abduction in a patient with duplicated abducens nerve.

PURPOSE: To our knowledge, there has been no report of ophthalmologic findings related with a duplicated abducens nerve in the ophthalmic literature. This study reports such findings. METHODS: An ophthalmologic examination was performed in one patient with a duplicated abducens nerve, revealed with thin-sectioned magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) across the brainstem level. RESULTS: The MRI disclosed a duplicated left abducens nerve. The patient was orthotropic in five cardinal positions, and her ductions and versions were full. CONCLUSIONS: One patient with a duplicated abducens nerve showed orthotropia and normal ocular movement.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed2001

Duplicated collecting system with lower pole ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Two examples of the rare case of complete duplicated collecting system with lower pole ureteropelvic junction obstruction are described. Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) and duplicated collecting systems seldom occur in combination. Complete duplication of the ureter may be asymptomatic or recognized when complications develop as a result of reflux into the lower pole ureter or obstruction of the upper pole with an ectopic ureterocele. It is difficult to choose an optimal therapy due to the high variability in function, degree of obstruction, damage and potential for regeneration in growing kidneys. The diagnosis and management of UPJO of the lower pole in complete duplicated collecting systems are discussed.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Duplications of the alimentary tract in children.

This study was conducted to assess the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic approach in patients with alimentary tract duplication and review the relevant literature. A retrospective analysis of 28 patients of alimentary tract duplications treated between January 1990-December 1999 was carried out. There was a male preponderance (25:3); 71% of the patients were under 2 years of age. The presenting features were related to the anatomic location. Three patients were diagnosed antenatally. Real time ultrasonography and CT scan was undertaken for preoperative evaluation in the majority of patients. In selected cases a 99m-Tc-pertechnetate scan and barium meal follow through examination were also performed. Majority of duplications were in the jejunum and ileum. Twenty percent of our patients had thoracoabdominal duplication as compared to 2% reported in literature. Four patients required to be operated upon in the emergency for related complications. In the remaining patients complete excision of the cyst was done in 21 and only mucosectomy in 3 patients. Because these lesions are rare and can present with a wide range of clinical manifestations or may even be encountered intraoperatively, the appropriate surgical management requires the surgeon to be familiar with the anatomy and clinical characteristics of these lesions.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2000

[A large duplication cyst of the proximal section of the stomach in an adult--case report].

Intestinal duplication is a rare congenital anomaly. It appears through out entire gastrointestinal tract, specially in the ileum. Gastric duplication cyst in adults is extremely rare. Diagnosis is often missed, often established at operation. Preoperative diagnosis may be suspected on CT or MRI with contrast given oraly as well as on EUS. Management of symptomatic gastric duplications is surgical. Recommended management is complete exscision of the duplication without major violation of the gastric lumen. In most cases giant cyst does not allow smaller resection but partial gastrectomy. In this report a rare case of gastric duplicatione cyst of the proximal stomach is presented. Diagnostic finding and surgical therapy are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Huge cystic duplication of the ascending colon in adult.

Duplications of alimentary tract are uncommon congenital anomalies that are usually identified during the pediatric age. However, a minority of cases remain unsuspected until adulthood. They may be cystic or tubular in appearance and characteristically arise from the mesenteric border of the intestine. This paper reports a 37-year-old male with a huge cystic duplication of the ascending colon. In facing such a huge abdominal cystic tumor, differential diagnoses including duplication cyst, mesenteric cyst, choledochal cyst, giant diverticulum, and cystic tumor of the pancreas should be considered. Computerized tomography is a good tool for delineating the relationship between the tumor and peripheral structures. Surgery not only provides treatment but also final pathological diagnosis. Complete resection of a colonic duplication is necessary because of potential malignant change of the lesion.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Mobilization of duplicates in a Regional Medical Library Program.

An overabundance of duplicate journals without an efficient and economical method of distribution caused one library's staff to reassess traditional methods of dispersal. A simplified form for listing duplicates was devised. In conjunction with the Regional Medical Library Program and the extension program, lists of duplicates were distributed to hospital and clinical libraries. These libraries selected materials to strengthen their ability to fill information needs at the local level and to conserve RMLP support for esoteric and expensive materials. In a two-year period, 86,000 individual pieces were distributed. Some lessening of interlibrary loan requests from heavy users was documented. In an evaluation survey users expressed satisfaction with the program. The successful use of the duplicate program will lead to a further experiment--the library will attempt to fill interlibrary loan requests for common journals with hard copy rather than photocopy in a cost and time reduction effort.

Book Collecting↗