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At least 1,351 records · Page 75Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Handpiece degradation associated with performance testing of diamond rotary cutting instruments.

Reliable standardized testing of dental rotary cutting instruments remains a problem because of the many significant parameters that require identifying and quantifying. In a previous study, handpiece wear or degradation was identified as a potentially significant confounding variable leading to the suggestion that the use of industrial handpieces might be necessary. Therefore, the objective of this investigation was to measure and compare industrial and dental air rotor degradation during a simulated diamond rotary cutting instrument test. Two dental and two industrial products were tested in a random sequence using three replicate samples of each air rotor. The simulated test consisted of 10 diamond instruments each making 90 passes through a float glass substrate. The testing apparatus comprised a computer-interfaced device that controlled the contact force between the cutting diamond and the substrate. Air rotor performance was based on the time required to cut a standardized path through the substrate. The performance change that occurred from diamond instrument to instrument during the simulated test was attributed to air rotor degradation. Multiple regression analyses showed significant differences between replicate samples of the same type and between regression intercepts for different air rotor types. Surprisingly, four air rotors exhibited improving performance during the simulated test. Changing air rotor performance must be considered to achieve reliability for the testing of diamond rotary cutting instruments.

Air↗
PubMed1997

Dental education in Africa with special reference to Nigeria.

Over the years, the dental profession in most of the developing countries of the world has given the education of the dentist greater priority over the education of dental auxiliaries. There has also been a great tendency on the part of the profession in these countries to think that dental education involves the training of dentists alone. The training of dental auxiliaries forms an important core of dental education for the training of oral health workers in the developing countries. The training of dentists in the developing countries, especially Africa, seems to have been lopsided with excessive emphasis on restorative procedures. The dental undergraduate training programme in a representative Nigerian dental school is investigated and suggestions made on the appropriate mode of training needed for the future Nigerian, and indeed the future African dentist. The need for effective parallel training of dental auxiliaries, especially in large numbers, is also emphasised.

Africa↗
PubMed1998

Treatment injuries in dentistry--cases from one year in the Swedish Patient Insurance Scheme.

Eight hundred and fifty-one claims submitted to the Swedish Patient Insurance Scheme were studied and analysed. The most frequent claim referred to root fractures of roots with posts, and to root perforations also related to root posts. Other relatively frequent claims referred to pulpal complications in connection with fixed prosthodontics, root perforations related to endodontic treatment, and dysaesthesia. The mean latency time (the time from the actual treatment to the diagnosis of the injury) was for root fractures 10.6 months, and the mean latency time for root perforations that were not directly observed during preparation was 15.9 months. Pulpal complications of teeth treated with crowns or fixed partial dentures had a mean latency time of 7.6 months. Injuries with a low frequency were, for example, fracture of vital abutments for crowns or fixed partial dentures, damage to tissue by electrosurgery or to the floor of the mouth by drilling, or perforations to the antrum. Two cases of particles dropped into the patient's eye were also reported.

Crowns↗
PubMed2000

Utilisation of dental care at the University Dental Hospital, Southern Thailand.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the need and demand for dental care among patients attending the government University Dental Hospital (Prince of Songkla University, PSU) located in Southern Thailand (Haad Yai, Songkhla). DESIGN: Data were analysed descriptively focusing particularly on demography, occupation, chief complaints, and treatment needs of patients. SUBJECTS: Records of 4,175 self-referred and dental and medical practitioner referred patients, who registered for the first time at the University Dental Hospital in 1992. RESULTS: Patients in the 21-30, 11-20, 31-40 age groups showed the greatest demand for dental services (30.5 per cent, 26.4 per cent, 24.6 per cent respectively) especially females. Conservative dentistry, oral surgery, prosthodontics and orthodontics were the main types of dental treatment needed (43.8 per cent, 28.2 per cent, 22.4 per cent, 3.6 per cent respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Eighty per cent of patients sought dental treatment because of symptoms. Age, sex, occupation, and distance were associated with the utilisation of dental services.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Detection and quantitation by lysis-filtration of bacteremia after different oral surgical procedures.

Patients with bacteremia after dental extraction, third-molar surgery, dental scaling, endodontic treatment, and bilateral tonsillectomy were studied by means of lysis-filtration of blood samples with subsequent aerobic and anaerobic incubation. Samples were obtained before, during, and 10 min after treatment. Bacteremia was observed in 100% of patients after dental extraction, 55% of patients after third-molar surgery, 70% of patients after dental scaling, 20% of patients after endodontic treatment, and 55% of patients after bilateral tonsillectomy. Anaerobic microorganisms were isolated more frequently than aerobic microorganisms were, and viridans group streptococci were the most commonly isolated bacteria. Ten minutes after treatment, the frequency as well as the magnitude of bacteremia showed pronounced reduction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Observations on electrocardiogram and plasma catecholamines during dental procedures: the forgotten vagus.

Emotional stress is conventionally considered to be associated with tachycardia and enhanced sympathetic activity. The electrocardiogram and plasma catecholamine and lipid concentrations were observed in 21 young healthy women undergoing dental procedures. Ten of these received premedication with the beta-blocking agent oxprenolol and 11 with a placebo, administered on a double-blind randomised basis. Mild tachycardia occurred in the placebo group a few minutes before and a few minutes after dentistry, but there was a reduction in heart rate immediately before and during the procedure. The pattern was similar in the group who received oxprenolol, though the heart rates at each stage were lower. Plasma adrenaline concentrations were much higher in the samples taken during the procedure than in those taken shortly before and after it. Plasma noradrenaline and lipid concentrations remained unchanged. A decrease in heart rate in the face of intense emotional arousal and an increased plasma adrenaline concentration suggest that the expectation or experience of pain may be associated with parasympathetic dominance despite greatly enhanced sympathetic activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1972

Biochemical evidence of anxiety in dental patients.

Urinary metabolites before dental treatment were compared in a group of patients with dental phobia and in a matched control group. Plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline, and free fatty acids were estimated before treatment, immediately after sedation with diazapam 0.2 mg/kg body weight in the phobic patients, during induction of oral anaesthesia, and during and after surgery. Patients with dental phobia had significantly higher levels of adrenaline, which were only temporarily lowered by sedation, and which during treatment remained consistently higher than those of control patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Current practice in prevention of bacterial endocarditis.

A survey of Oxfordshire dentists showed that most practise prophlaxis of bacterial endocarditis, but that few follow currently recommended regimens. for example, prophylactic antibiotics are started one or more days before the procedure by 72 per cent of dentists, and two or more days before by 25 per cent. Eight-seven per cent administer antibiotics for a total of four or more days. Penicillin is most often given, but tetracyline remains the commonest second choice. Only 12 per cent use intramuscular drugs as first choice, and procaine penicillin is seldom used. These practices are contrasted with current medical recommendations and discussed with reference to fresh experimental evidence on prevention of bacterial endocarditis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2003

Stem cells and tissue engineering: prospects for regenerating tissues in dental practice.

In general, human tissues have a very limited potential to regenerate. However, recent progress in stem cell research and in tissue engineering promises novel prospects for tissue regeneration in dental practice in the future. Stem cells have been discovered in many adult tissues, including teeth, and stem cells from embryos have the potential to form all adult tissues. Embryonic stem cells can now be cultured and even produced from adult cells by the nuclear transfer method. Due to the rapid progress of research in molecular biology, particularly in the field of developmental biology, we are now starting to understand at the level of genes and molecules how the development of dental tissues is regulated. For instance, specific signal molecules have been identified which regulate the development of teeth and bones from progenitor cells. This information is already being used for the generation of dentoalveolar tissues in vitro and in vivo. Could we perhaps grow new enamel, dentine, periodontal ligament, bone, or even whole new teeth for our patients in the future?

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins↗