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PubMed2006

Consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures in studies of football (soccer) injuries.

Variations in definitions and methodologies have created differences in the results and conclusions obtained from studies of football (soccer) injuries, making interstudy comparisons difficult. Therefore an Injury Consensus Group was established under the auspices of Fédération Internationale de Football Association Medical Assessment and Research Centre. A nominal group consensus model approach was used. A working document on definitions, methodology, and implementation was discussed by the group. Iterative draft statements were prepared and circulated to members of the group for comment before the final consensus statement was produced. Definitions of injury, recurrent injury, severity, and training and match exposures in football together with criteria for classifying injuries in terms of location, type, diagnosis, and causation are proposed. Proforma for recording players' baseline information, injuries, and training and match exposures are presented. Recommendations are made on how the incidence of match and training injuries should be reported and a checklist of issues and information that should be included in published reports of studies of football injuries is presented.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed2002

Mortality and volume of cases in paediatric cardiac surgery: retrospective study based on routinely collected data.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether mortality between 1991 and 1995 in hospitals in England carrying out surgery for congenital heart disease in children was associated with the annual volume of cases and to estimate the extent to which an association could explain the apparent divergent mortality at Bristol Royal Infirmary. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of data from two sources, a register of returns by surgeons to their professional society and an administrative database. SETTING: 12 hospitals in England carrying out surgery for congenital heart disease over the period April 1991 to March 1995. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: 30 day mortality. RESULTS: For open heart operations in children under 1 year old, and in particular for arterial switches and repair of atrioventricular septal defect, there is strong and consistent evidence of an inverse association between mortality and volume of cases (not taking into account any data from Bristol). A hospital carrying out 120 open operations per year in 1991-5 on children aged under 1 year would be expected to have a mortality 25% lower than that in a hospital carrying out 40 operations. If the children in the hospitals had the same mix of operations, this reduction is 34%. Stratifying for types of operation or including the results from Bristol strengthens this association. It was also estimated that less than a fifth of the excess mortality at Bristol Royal Infirmary in open operations in children less than 1 year old was due to the hospital's lower volume of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Using appropriate methods, this study showed that mortality in paediatric cardiac surgery was inversely related to the volume of surgery. Considerable caution is needed in interpreting these results, and it does not necessarily follow that concentrating resources in fewer centres would reduce mortality.

Cardiology Service, Hospital↗
PubMed2004

Post-disaster health effects: strategies for investigation and data collection. Experiences from the Enschede firework disaster.

BACKGROUND: Public health policy is increasingly concerned with the care for victims of a disaster. This article describes the design and implementation of an epidemiological study, which seeks to match care services to the specific problems of persons affected by a large scale incident. The study was prompted by the explosion of a firework depot in Enschede, the Netherlands. STUDY POPULATION: All those directly affected by this incident (residents, emergency services personnel, and people who happened to be in the area at the time), some of whom suffered personal loss or injury. The project investigates both the physical and psychological effects of the disaster, as well as the target group's subsequent call on healthcare services. STUDY DESIGN: A questionnaire based follow up survey of those directly affected and an ongoing monitoring of health problems relying on reports from healthcare professionals. The follow up survey started three weeks after the incident and was repeated 18 months and almost four years after the incident. The monitoring is conducted over a four year period by general practitioners, the local mental health services department, occupational health services, and the youth healthcare services department. It provides ongoing information. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study are regularly discussed with healthcare professionals and policy makers, and are made known to the research participants. The paper also explains the considerations that were made in designing the study to help others making up their research plans when confronted with possible health effects of a disaster.

Accidents↗
PubMed1979

Alcohol and oesophageal cancer: an assessment of the evidence from routinely collected data.

Although various factors have been implicated in the aetiology of oesophageal cancer, one factor common to many countries is the consumption of alcoholic beverages. In England and Wales mrtality from oesophageal cancer declined rapidly during the early part of this century but both mortality and incidence have increased in recent years. The generation of males born in 1906 had lower mortality than any preceding or succeeding generation. It is suggested that ages 20 to 30 may be critical in the development of oesophageal cancer and that the 1906 cohort was less exposed to alcohol than other generations. The international analysis suggests that ethyl alcohol itself rather than any specific alcoholic beverage is associated with this cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Children's views of hospitalization: an exploratory study of data collection.

Identifying children's views of their experience of hospitalization is essential to the development of appropriate services. Previous research has mainly concentrated on specific paediatric populations or negative aspects of their experience. This study had two aims. First, to investigate a broader range of experiences in a general paediatric population, and second, to determine the most effective way of obtaining the information. School-aged children (n = 213) from the paediatric wards of two district general hospitals completed one of four questionnaire types. The themes identified were generally positive and mainly related to the children's physical surroundings. A verbal structured questionnaire was found to be the most efficient at obtaining the children's views, whereas a visual structured questionnaire was the only method which recognized the children's sequence of feelings before, during and after hospitalization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

An International Effort to Improve Methods of Data Collection and Exposure Assessment for Community-based Case-Control Studies of Occupational Disease.

The authors recommend that an international effort be made to develop standardized questionnaires for collecting occupational exposure information and to develop standard assessment procedures for evaluating occupational exposures in community-based case-control studies. Such standardization should improve the quality and credibility of findings from this type of study, as well as the comparability of results across studies.

Journal Article↗