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At least 1,351 records · Page 75Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

[Spread of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis virus in virgin soil (Hokkaido, Japan): observation with serological surveys (author's transl)].

Acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC), a novel disease caused with a new type of enterovirus, occurred for the first time in Sapporo City and other areas of Hokkaido in October of 1971. During first 4 months, 1,000 or more cases of AHC were reported in Sapporo and 2,300 cases in other areas. Thereafter, there are no epidemic of AHC in any areas, though there are sporadic cases up to date. To know the spread of exogenous agent, AHC virus, in Hokkaido, the neutralizing antibody was measured with sera of healthy adults resident in 12 separated districts of Hokkaido in 1973 and 1974. It was revealed that the positive reactors to AHC virus were found in 5 to 35% in all districts but one in 1974, and AHC virus was distributed in almost all the areas of Hokkaido within a period of two and half years after invasion. In addition, a sequential sero-survey to detect the spread of AHC virus has been carried out in Sapporo. A rate of neutralizing antibody positives in healthy adults did not show a clear increase on sera withdrawn one year after epidemic of AHC in comparison with those before epidemic, but show a remarkable increase on sera withdrawn later in spite of non-epidemic. An increase of antibody positive rate in non-epidemic period was also obtained from sera of healthy adults resident in districts other than Sapporo. These findings made doubt the changes in transmission on mode and/or in clinical pictures, and the viral mutation in biological character, such as temperature for propagation, may be supposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Prevention of neonatal conjunctivitis. A comparative clinical and bacteriologic study of 2 eyedrops: silver nitrate and oxytetracycline chlorhydrate].

This study carried out at the Saint-Germain-en-Laye Hospital maternity ward included all the neonates delivered between February and September 1989 who exhibited no abnormal manifestations during their stay in the ward, except for ocular symptoms in some subjects. Nine hundred neonates were enrolled. Each day, one of two eyedrop preparations for the prevention of neonatal ocular infections was selected at random. Investigators were blinded to the preparation used. Study subjects were evaluated twice, between D1 and D7 (900 infants) and between D15 and D30 (407 infants). Ocular findings were classified as follows: normal, minimally abnormal (isolated swelling of the eyelids, clear discharge), or frankly abnormal (conjunctivitis, purulent discharge). A bacteriologic study was performed in all patients with minimally abnormal or abnormal findings. Between D1 and D7, ocular symptoms were significantly (p less than 0.05) more prevalent in neonates treated with silver nitrate than in neonates treated with oxytetracycline hydrochloride. This difference was no longer present between D15 and D30. Bacteriologic studies recovered no gonococci. One enfant in the oxytetracycline group had bacteriologically confirmed Chlamydia trachomatis ocular infection. The other organisms recovered were mainly Staphylococcus aureus and non-hemolytic streptococci. In inclusion, no currently available eyedrop preparation offers complete protection against C. trachomatis but tolerance is considerably better with oxytetracycline hydrochlorate than with silver nitrate.

Conjunctivitis, Bacterial↗
PubMed1991

[Chronic conjunctivitis caused by oral anaerobic germs].

A patient with chronic, unilateral conjunctivitis is presented. The predominant bacterial flora consisted mainly of Prevotella intermedia (formerly Bacteroides intermedius) and Peptostreptococcus micros. Restriction endonuclease fingerprinting of genomic DNA demonstrated that P. intermedia most probably originated from the oral cavity. In the oral cavity this species was recovered from the dorsum of the tongue, the tonsillar area and the periodontal pockets. Topical treatment with various antibiotics had failed to cure the infection in the past. The condition was cured after systemic therapy with metronidazole and amoxicillin.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis and enterovirus 70 in Kenya.

The pandemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis that started in Ghana in 1969 and spread to many countries in Africa, Asia and Europe reached Kenya in April 1971. From one patient virus was isolated. This was possibly the first strain ever isolated of Enterovirus 70. Identification took time and was finished long after the publication of isolation of the new virus in Japan. Cross neutralization tests with the virus from Japan showed close relationship between the two. During a second epidemic in Kenya in 1974 many more strains of the virus were isolated. The history of isolation and identification and the clinical picture of the disease as seen in Kenya are described.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Sodium sulfapyridazine in new delayed-action bases for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis].

Possible preparation of 10 per cent sodium sulfapyridazine ophthalmic drops containing aubazidan, a microbial polysaccharide, providing prolongation of the drops action and stability on the storage was studied. The pharmacokinetic studies showed that aubazidan which is a natural polymer provided high prolongation of the sulfapyridazine effect in the tissues of the anterior part of the eye in rabbits. The prolonged effect was similar to the previously observed effect of the solutions containing synthetic polymers such as 1 per cent polyacrylamide and polyvinyl . Satisfactory tolerance by the rabbit eye tissues of 6-fold daily instillations of the 10 per cent sodium sulfapyridazine solution with aubazidan for the observation period of 1 month was stated. When stored in vials the 10 per cent sodium sulfapyridazine ophthalmic drops with 0.5 per cent of aubazidan preserved the stability for 24 months with respect to the colour, transparency, viscosity, pH and drug content. It was demonstrated with using the agar diffusion method and Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the test cultures that sodium sulfapyridazine completely preserved its antimicrobial activity in the presence of aubazidan. The data suggested that clinical trials of the 10 per cent sodium sulfapyridazine solution with 0.2-0.5 per cent of aubazidan were promising in prevention and therapy of bacterial conjunctivitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Continued contact lens wear in patients with giant papillary conjunctivitis.

We performed a six-year retrospective evaluation of 47 contact lens patients with a documented history of giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC). The relationships between specific symptoms, contact lens history, treatment regimens, and clinical responses were studied. Specifically, we sought to determine the number of patients forced to discontinue contact lens wear due to GPC. Our study indicated two important preconditions to be associated with the onset of symptoms: the continued use of aging lenses and suboptimal lens care. For those patients treated and followed-up for at least 4 months, 79% obtained total resolution of their symptoms. Though the numbers are too small to make any significant conclusions about treatment methods it seems that lens discontinuance alone does not appear to be an adequate treatment for this condition and may serve better as adjunct to other therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Antibacterial effectiveness of ciprofloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solution in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis.

Two hundred eighty-eight cases of culture-proven bacterial conjunctivities were evaluated as part of two multicentered, randomized, prospective clinical studies comparing the antibacterial efficacy of topically administered ciprofloxacin 0.3% either with a placebo or with tobramycin 0.3%. In the first study, ciprofloxacin was significantly (P less than .001) more effective than the placebo. It eradicated or reduced the various bacterial pathogens in 93.6% of patients, compared to 59.5% for the placebo. In the second study, ciprofloxacin (94.5%) and tobramycin (91.9%) were equally effective. Topically applied ciprofloxacin eradicated or reduced all isolated bacterial species, attesting to its broad antibacterial spectrum and its potential usefulness in treating external ocular infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

Conjunctivitis in clean room workers. Nursing evaluation and intervention.

Conjunctivitis, in the industrial setting, can be attributed to eye contact with contaminated microscope oculars. Establishing a simple, convenient process for cleaning microscope oculars as well as educating employees and their management is important to reduce risk of contamination. Early identification and treatment of an isolated infection by the occupational health nurse and temporary exclusion from microscope work is essential in controlling the spread of infection and preventing a potential epidemic. The occupational health nurse plays a pivotal role in the recognition of and response to workplace health concerns and development of targeted strategies to promote and maintain health in the workplace.

Conjunctivitis, Bacterial↗
PubMed1991

Multiple-episode conjunctivitis outbreak among workers at a nut-processing facility.

Workers in a Kern County almond and pistachio nut-packing facility sought medical care for eye irritation (conjunctivitis) on three separate occasions in 1987 and 1988. These incidents were investigated by the California Department of Health Services to identify the agent responsible for the eye irritation outbreak and to suggest possible remediation. The eye irritation incidents involved only the 30 to 35 workers in the preprocessor shed. Each of the three eye irritation incidents followed phosphine (Gastoxin) fumigation. Four plausible hypotheses were tested as explanations of the outbreaks of eye irritation: phosphine gas exposure, ammonia gas exposure, aluminum hydroxide dust exposure, and almond cleaning and hulling dust exposure, with or without contamination by propargite residues (Omite 6-E). None of these hypotheses received enough consistent support to be viewed as a probable cause for the illness outbreaks.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Study on rapid diagnosis of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by Coxsackievirus A24 variant].

An pandemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) caused by Coxsackievirus A 24 variant (CA 24v) occurred in China in 1988. Rapid diagnosis of AHC was investigated by immunofluorescence technique. The bacteria-free conjunctival swab samples were inoculated into HeLa cell monolayer. The Virus-specific antigens in infected cells were examined by indirect immunofluorescence test. Of 35 samples, 17 was identified as CA 24v. The results of isolation and typing could be obtained with in 5 days. Further, CA 24v antigen in infected conjunctival cells were examined by indirect immunofluorescence test. Of 48 smears of conjunctival cells, 39 was positive. Positive rate were 81.3%.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1990

[Etiology of 1988 epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Beijing].

An epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) occurred in Beijing during August-September in 1988. Conjunctival swabs were collected from 50 AHC patients at the Eye Clinic of the Peking Union Medical College Hospital. 25 strains of viruses were isolated with Hela cell cultures. All the viral isolates were identified as Coxsackievirus A 24 variant (CA 24 v) with antiserum from the Center for Disease Control, U. S. A. Paired serum samples from 30 AHC patients were examined for neutralizing against a representative strain of the viral isolates. 24 of them (80%) showed a fourfold or greater rise in neutralizing antibody titers. The results indicate that CA 24 v was the etiologic agent responsible for the 1988 epidemic of AHC. This is the first time an epidemic of AHC caused by CA 24 v is reported in the mainland of China.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eosinophil granule major basic protein in contact lenses of patients with giant papillary conjunctivitis.

Conjunctival reaction to substances deposited on soft contact lenses is thought to be important in the development of contact lens-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC). Eosinophil granule major basic protein (MBP), a potent cytotoxin released by eosinophils, has previously been demonstrated in conjunctiva from patients with GPC. We therefore evaluated soft contact lenses from ten patients with GPC for the presence of MBP by means of an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Deposition of MBP was demonstrated in lenses from one patient, the only subject with a history of atopy. The results suggest that MBP deposits on nonionic, low water content lenses are unlikely to play a role in the development of GPC, except, perhaps, in patients with atopy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Culture, ELISA and immunofluorescence tests for the diagnosis of conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis in neonates and adults.

The relative value of culture, direct specimen antigen detection tests, i.e., enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence (IF) tests in the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection was studied in 125 newborns and 121 adults with signs of conjunctivitis. Eye and nasopharyngeal samples were tested by culture using cycloheximide-treated or irradiated McCoy cells, ELISA (i.e., Chlamydiazyme, Abbott) and IF tests (i.e., Chlamyset, Orion and MicroTrak, Syva). Of the neonates, 70 (35 boys and 35 girls) and 54 (33 males and 21 females) of the adults were positive in one or both eyes in one or more tests: 191 (39%) in cultures, 173 (35%) in ELISA and 160 (33%), 176 (36%) in each of the IF tests. Using culture as standard reference, the sensitivities of ELISA and the IF tests were 88%, 81% and 87%, while the corresponding specificities were 99%, 98% and 97%, respectively. The predictive values for a negative test (PVN) were 93%, 89% and 92% and for a positive test (PVP) 98%, 96% and 94%. Of the 124 cases chlamydia-positive in the eyes, 67 (54%), 76 (61%), 64 (52%) and 70 (57%) were positive in nasopharyngeal samples in one or more of culture, ELISA and the two IF tests, respectively. The sensitivities of ELISA and the IF tests in nasopharyngeal samples were 87%, 78% and 81%, while the corresponding specificities were 90%, 93% and 91%, respectively. The predictive values for a negative (PVN) test were 95%, 92% and 93%, and for a positive test (PVP) 76%, 81%, and 77%. Nasopharyngeal swabs were more often positive in cases with 2 or more weeks' duration of symptoms than in those with shorter duration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Isolation of Enterovirus 70 during an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Algeria in 1973].

The Enterovirus 70 was isolated in Algeria in 1973 during an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. The main epidemiological features were similar to those previously described in other countries: involvement of the adults especially, mainly those living in communities, irrelevance of the different socio-economical levels of the population. The spring waters may have played a role in the transmission of the disease. The virological study draws the attention on the optimal conditions for the isolation of the virus and shows that the strains are antigenically related to those isolated in Morocco during 1971. The Enterovirus 70 was associated with adenoviruses and it was not possible to evaluate the respective role of the two groups of viruses in the determinism of the epidemic. The detection of the residual antibodies in sera collected in 1974 indicates that 58% of a group of 50 adults have antibodies against the Enterovirus 70. It is not yet possible to ascertain whether those antibodies are specific or only reflect an antigenic crossing between the Enterovirus 70 and one or several already known enteroviruses.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Allergic conjunctivitis. Treatment and course].

A group of 74 patients with allergic conjunctivitis from the out patient service of allergy of the Hospital Pediátrico Provincial Docente José Luis Miranda, in Santa Clara, were studied. In this study are stressed the importance of the search for etiologic agents influencing the disease and the used diagnostic methods. Finally, the used treatments are pointed out. The most frequent were the strepto-staphylo-gamma vaccines, preventive measures, antibiotic drops, environmental measures and sodium cromoglycate drops. Treatment was dynamic, individual and associated with the ophthalmology and pediatric allergy specialties.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Antibasement membrane antibody-mediated experimental conjunctivitis.

In ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, the binding of circulating antibodies to conjunctiva is believed to initiate an antibody-mediated cytotoxic response that results in inflammation and tissue damage. To develop a model of antibody-mediated conjunctival inflammation, we examined the effect on conjunctiva of local or systemic administration of a murine monoclonal antibody against basement membrane of stratified squamous epithelium. Neonatal rabbits were given either a single subconjunctival or intraperitoneal injection of the antibody. Eyes were graded clinically for inflammation and conjunctival biopsies were performed. After subconjunctival injection, clinical and histologic inflammation as well as murine antibody and rabbit complement binding to conjunctival basement membrane were detected. With systemic administration there was post-injection clinical inflammation, and conjunctival basement membrane-bound murine antibody was detected. There was no difference observed in conjunctival mitotic rate or goblet cell frequency between treatment groups and controls, following either route of administration. We have created, therefore, a model for antibody-mediated conjunctivitis in rabbits by local or systemic administration of a monoclonal antibody against a component of stratified squamous epithelial basement membrane.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunoglobulin deposition on soft contact lenses: relationship to hydrogel structure and mode of use and giant papillary conjunctivitis.

Since the IgG to IgA ratio in the tear film increases dramatically during inflammation, the ratio of immunoglobulins deposited on the soft contact lens surface should provide some indication of biocompatibility of the hydrogel. To study this premise, 60 soft contact lenses of low and high water content and ionic and non-ionic compositions were recovered after their useful lifespan from asymptomatic lens wearers and those experiencing active giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC). Lenses were exhaustively extracted with saline to remove loosely bound immunoglobulins, dissected, and qualitatively assayed by means of chromogenic horse radish peroxidase-linked antibody probes for tightly bound IgG and IgA. The intensity of reaction was scored visually in a random, masked fashion by two independent observers using a standardized scale. The results reveal a consistent, although not statistically significant, increase in IgG to IgA deposition on the pathological lens population as compared to normals. This change may be reflective of an immune specific lens response and/or the enhanced titer of tear IgG resulting from the inflammatory process present with GPC. Deposition correlated more strikingly with two other linked parameters: hydrogel structure and mode of use. A marked increase in immunoglobulin deposition and enhanced IgG to IgA ratio (P less than 0.001) was common to high water content lenses (especially of non-ionic composition) used on an extended wear basis, when contrasted with low water content lenses used on a daily wear basis. It is thus hypothesized that use of high water content lenses on an extended wear basis leads to a greater degree of inflammatory and/or immune stress.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infantile chlamydial conjunctivitis. A comparison of Papanicolaou, Giemsa and immunoperoxidase staining methods.

The use of conjunctival smears to diagnose infantile Chlamydia trachomatis infection increased sixteen-fold in our hospital between the years 1979 and 1984. The present study was conducted to compare Papanicolaou and Giemsa staining methods with the avidin-biotin technique of immunostaining utilizing a highly specific antichlamydial monoclonal antibody. On retrospective review of 33 patients, chlamydial infection was diagnosed in 61% of the Papanicolaou-stained and 64% of the Giemsa-stained slides. After the Papanicolaou-stained slides were destained and immunostained with the antichlamydial antibody, round particles corresponding in size to elementary and reticulate bodies were readily seen in 79% of the cases. In comparison with the immunoperoxidase method, the sensitivity and specificity of Papanicolaou staining were 73% and 86%, respectively, while the corresponding figures for Giemsa staining were 77% and 100%, respectively. The study established the applicability of the immunoperoxidase method to this clinical condition, confirmed the accuracy of diagnoses with routine stains and highlighted the increasing incidence of chlamydial conjunctivitis in our hospital population.

Chlamydia Infections↗