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At least 1,351 records · Page 75Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Condom use and other factors affecting penile human papillomavirus detection in men attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary cause of cervical, anal, and other anogenital cancers, but risk factors for penile HPV detection in men have not been well-characterized. GOAL: The goal of this study was to identify correlates of penile HPV detection in ethnically diverse men attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. STUDY: A cross-sectional investigation was conducted among 393 men. Participants completed a risk-factor questionnaire and underwent testing for penile HPV DNA. Presence of HPV DNA was assessed using polymerase chain reaction with PGMY primers and reverse line blot genotyping. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify variables associated with any-type, oncogenic, and nononcogenic HPV. RESULTS: Circumcision was associated with reduced risk for oncogenic, nononcogenic, and overall HPV. Regular condom use was associated with reduced risk for oncogenic and overall HPV. CONCLUSION: These findings, if confirmed by other studies, could impact public health practices and messages regarding HPV.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Experimental findings with spermantibodies: condom therapy (a case report).

A couple with no demonstrable cause for their infertility, except for a pronounced antisperm activity in the blood serum of the female partner, were instructed to use a condom while our laboratory monitored the wifes antibody titer. The antibody activity declined sufficiently and an artificial husband insemination were performed after seven months of therapy. A precise report of the spermantibody activity over an eleven month period are given by the authors.

Antibodies↗
PubMed2006

Sexual behavior, condom use, and human papillomavirus: pooled analysis of the IARC human papillomavirus prevalence surveys.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection but it is unclear whether differences in transmission efficacy exist between individual HPV types. Information on sexual behavior was collected from 11 areas in four continents among population-based, age-stratified random samples of women of ages > or = 15 years. HPV testing was done using PCR-based enzyme immunoassay. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) of being HPV positive and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Variables were analyzed categorically. When more than two groups were compared, floating confidence intervals were estimated by treating ORs as floating absolute risks. A total of 11,337 women (mean age, 41.9 years) were available. We confirmed that lifetime number of sexual partners is associated with HPV positivity (OR for > or = 2 versus 1, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.63-2.11) but the association was not a linear one for HPV18, 31, and 33 (i.e., no clear increase for > or = 3 versus 2 sexual partners). Women who had multiple-type infection and high-risk HPV type infection reported a statistically nonsignificant higher number of sexual partners than women who had single-type and low-risk type infections, respectively. Early age at sexual debut was not significantly related to HPV positivity. Husband's extramarital sexual relationships were associated with an OR of 1.45 (95% CI, 1.24-1.70) for HPV positivity in their wives after adjustment for age and lifetime number of women's sexual partners. We did not observe a significant association with condom use. Our study showed an effect of both women's and their husbands' sexual behavior on HPV positivity. Furthermore, it suggests some differences in the pattern of the association between sexual behavior and different HPV types.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Declining HIV rates in Uganda: due to cleaner needles, not abstinence or condoms.

Public health and political authorities have ascribed the apparent decline in Ugandan HIV or AIDS rates to increased rates of sexual abstinence or condom use. However, what appears to be special about Uganda is that in the middle to late 1980s there was a growing public awareness of health care risks. Given the lack of evidence for transmission of HIV to healthy persons by penile-vaginal intercourse, the improvement in injection safety is the best candidate for declining HIV and AIDS rates.

Blood-Borne Pathogens↗
PubMed1999

Responsibility and risk: understanding how PSA messages can encourage condom use.

This article qualitatively examines how female college students interpret their responsibility for maintaining healthy sexual behaviors. A series of nine in-depth interviews was conducted to assess their perceptions on a broad range of sexual health topics including personal fears, relationships, monogamy, and sexual relationships. In addition, the paper addresses how these women negotiate condom use, responsibility issues regarding this negotiation, and perceived risk for contracting AIDS during unprotected sex. This study has implications for health educators, as well as for designers of public service advertisements, as it provides an in-depth look at why college women do not use protection even when it is available to them.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2001

Are condoms effective in reducing the risk of sexually transmitted disease?

A panel of more than two dozen experts reviewed the scientific evidence on condom effectiveness for sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention, and a final report was released July 20, 2001, by the Department of Health and Human Services. This panel was cosponsored and convened for a two-day workshop by four government agencies (Agency for International Development, Food and Drug Administration, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], and the National Institutes of Health [NIH]).

Condoms↗
PubMed2006

Was the "ABC" approach (abstinence, being faithful, using condoms) responsible for Uganda's decline in HIV?

BACKGROUND TO THE DEBATE: Uganda is one of the few African countries where rates of HIV infection have fallen, from about 15 percent in the early 1990s to about five percent in 2001. At the end of 2005, UNAIDS estimated that 6.7 percent of adults were infected with the virus. The reasons behind Uganda's success have been intensely studied in the hope that other countries can emulate the strategies that worked. Some researchers credit the success to the Ugandan government's promotion of "ABC behaviors"--particularly abstinence and fidelity. Uganda receives funds from the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, which promotes the ABC approach with a focus on abstinence-driven public health campaigns. Other researchers question whether the ABC approach was really responsible for the decline in HIV infection. Critics of the ABC approach also argue that by emphasizing abstinence over condom use, the approach leaves women at risk of infection, because in many parts of the world women are not empowered to insist on abstinence or fidelity.

Condoms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Female condom: a possibility for autonomy in HIV-positive women].

In this article, the authors report an experience developed in the Specialized Care Sevice on STD/AIDS from Porto Alegre, where one of them works. It approaches adult women, emphasizing sexuality, reproduction and vulnerability concerning STDs, mainly HIV infection. The methodology used is a data survey starting from the return to the service in order to receive female condoms within one year. Subjects are HIV-positive women linked to the service. Results show that the use of this method is incipient and that its adoption demands a change in behaviour from women already in an early stage of their development, prior to adult age, and that there is a huge importance of raising awareness among professionals, either in Education or Health fields.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Women and AIDS: gender relations and condom use with steady partners.

An educational project on sexuality, STDs, and AIDS was conducted for four years with some 500 women. As a result, changes were observed in HIV-related knowledge and attitudes, but not in risk behaviors for infection. This fact motivated the development of a qualitative study to learn the reasons why women failed to incorporate HIV preventive behaviors into their daily lives. Six focus groups were conducted with women who had participated in the educational project. The analysis was thematic. Women were familiar with HIV transmission routes and preventive measures. They admitted not using condoms due to fear of being suspected of infidelity and because this might lead to separation of the couple. Women reported that relationships with their partners had been difficult because of lack of dialogue and that men always had the final word. Although women had information about AIDS, they did not use preventive measures in steady relationships because they did not wield decision-making power. Gender inequality and fidelity were two significant issues related to the increase in AIDS among women.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

Changes in multiple sexual partnerships, HIV testing, and condom use among US heterosexuals 18 to 49 years of age, 1990 and 1992.

We compared data from two independent, representative samples of the US population to determine whether heterosexual adults 18 to 49 years of age modified their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviors between 1990/91 and 1992. We found little change in multiple sexual partnerships, having a risky partner, and HIV test seeking in the heterosexual population. Overall, consistent condom use significantly increased from 11% in 1990/91 to 20% in 1992, but this increase was limited to selected demographic groups. These results suggest a continuing need for HIV education among heterosexual adults.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1990

Adolescents' attitudes towards AIDS precautions and intention to use condoms.

This study investigated attitudes toward AIDS precautions of 370 15- and 16-yr.-old secondary school students. Attitudes reflected levels of apathy, denial, and confusion high enough to lead to concern for this potentially high-risk group. Intention to use condoms in future sexual encounters was related to sex, conflict and confusion about AIDS precautions, plus other attitudinal variables.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

The female condom. A pilot study of the acceptability of a new female barrier method.

The best available prevention against sexually transmitted diseases is limited to a consistent and correct use of a condom by the male. A new barrier method has been developed for the female. As it can be inserted into the vagina before sexual intercourse starts, and as it covers the entrance of the vagina, the opening of the urethra and the root of the penis, it is presumed to give a high degree of protection against sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancy. The preliminary results concerning acceptability are promising, and further investigations concerning acceptability and efficacy are in progress or completed in several countries. The method should be regarded as one aspect in the pattern of protection, particularly suitable for females with sexual risk behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Sexually transmitted diseases and the use of condoms in a cohort of homosexual men followed since 1983 in Finland.

High rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were recorded among 235 homosexually active men at the start of a prospective follow-up study in June 1983 in Finland. The vast majority (88.5%) reported at least one STD, the most common of them being pubic lice (64.7%) followed by gonorrhoea (42.9%) and non-gonococcal urethritis (26.4%). Those 31 (13.2%) who were seropositive for HIV at the end of the study, had experienced more episodes of STDs than the seronegative individuals (p = 0.0027). Nine HIV seroconversions were noted during the follow-up of 5-40 months, all in individuals who had practised "unsafe" sex. The study participants were repeatedly given detailed advice for avoiding HIV infection, and a tendency towards "safer" sexual practises resulting in a decrease in incidence of most STDs, was noted during the course of the study. However, further spread of HIV is to be expected because 57% of the men still reported practising and sex at the end of the follow-up, and 42% of them without condoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Social network ties, self-efficacy, and condom use among women who use crack cocaine: a pilot study.

So far, attempts to change the sexual risk behavior of women who use crack cocaine have been less successful than efforts to change the needle risk behavior of injection drug users. Two theoretical areas that have shown some success in predicting behavior change among of out-of-treatment drug users are Bandura's social cognitive theory (self-efficacy theory) and social network theory. According to Bandura, social networks are important sources of social support, and social support is vital to self-efficacy. Social network research also indicates that close bonds with network members may be a protective factor independently of self-efficacy. In order to test the feasibility of collecting such data, a pilot study was conducted with 60 women who used crack cocaine and who were not in treatment. Results of Pearson product-moment correlations indicated that self-efficacy (.7230) and number of very strong ties (.31252994) were positively correlated with condom use for women in the sample. In addition, the number of very strong ties (.3142) was significantly, if modestly, correlated with self-efficacy. Self-efficacy was

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2001

[Changes in pharmacists practices (1996 - 2000) related to harm reduction policy (condoms, injecting equipment, methylmorphine) and maintenance therapy delivery (buprenorphine, methadone)].

AIMS: To measure pharmacists involvement in harm reduction programs and in delivery of maintenance therapies in order to estimate their contribution to the new public health policy. METHOD: A longitudinal study was conducted among 327 pharmacies located in the southern suburban area of Paris (28 communities) using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: The response rate was 95% in 1996 and 92% in 2000. The number of condoms offered to intravenous drug users (IDU) decreased dramatically from 99% to 24% while delivered units decreased from 857 to 566 per day for needles and from 1200 to 760 per month per pharmacy for methylmorphine tablets (14.93 mg/tablet). Pharmacists delivered injecting equipment to some of their patients under opiate treatment: methylmorphine 19%, buprenorphine 35%, methadone 14%. Their contribution to the local healthcare network on addiction decreased from 38% to 20%. Nevertheless, the pharmacists attitude towards the IDU and public health policy was found to be improving with problems being mentioned for 62% of the cases in 1996 and for 16% in 2000. CONCLUSION: Pharmacists are rapidly and intensively changing their practices and are discovering a new comprehensive relationship with IDU. Better pharmacist involvement is associated with a shift in local healthcare network concentration, reinforcing the general practitioner-pharmacist partnership.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2002

Nonoxynol-9 harmful, should not be used in condoms, lube.

This chemical is still used in condoms and lubricants to kill HIV--although it has been shown to actually increase HIV infection. Rectal use may be particularly harmful. A new report from the World Health Organization summarizes the evidence and makes recommendations.

Condoms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The association of AIDS education and sex education with sexual behavior and condom use among teenage men.

According to a 1988 nationally representative survey, most 15-19--year-old men in the United States have received formal instruction about AIDS (73%), birth control (79%) and resisting sexual activity (58%). Results of multivariate analyses show the receipt of AIDS education and sex education to be associated with modest but significant decreases in the number of partners and the frequency of intercourse in the year prior to the survey. Having received instruction in these topics was also associated with more consistent condom use. Instruction in some topics was associated with increases in knowledge and attitudes about AIDS, but these increases were not always correlated with safer behavior.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗